Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) identify the maximum amount of pollution that a water body can receive and still support its designated uses and allocates the maximum load to specific sources in the watershed. In th...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9788890357411
Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) identify the maximum amount of pollution that a water body can receive and still support its designated uses and allocates the maximum load to specific sources in the watershed. In the United States, the Clean Water Act requires public participation in the process of TMDL development. this requirement has been met through simple presentation of results at public meetings, strategic partnerships with key stakeholders, and/or to advisory committees in which stakeholders participate in critical decisions about TMDL definition and implementation. these decisions include model selection and assumptions, selection of water quality endpoints, load allocations, TMDL review, and implementation planning. In this article, we discuss the benefits and challenges of early and targeted engagement of stakeholders in TMDL development through a participatory modelling process based on our experience in Utah and Vermont.
the present work presents a new method for activity extraction and reporting from video based on the aggregation of fuzzy relations. Trajectory clustering is first employed mainly to discover the points of entry and e...
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Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) are used for a wide variety of applications. Earlier WPANs, like Bluetooth, offer data rates only for low rate communication. Nowadays, consumer electronic devices have high dem...
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Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) are used for a wide variety of applications. Earlier WPANs, like Bluetooth, offer data rates only for low rate communication. Nowadays, consumer electronic devices have high demands on communication systems, e.g. for high definition video transmission. Users expect future WPANs to act like wired systems by means of reliability, that is, packet loss and distortion. Multimedia systems are ubiquitous; hence, it can be expected, that future WPANs have to operate in dense network topologies. For that reason new technologies have to be evaluated in terms of interference mitigation and their ability to cooperate with Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOPs). this paper focuses on Ultra Wideband (UWB) communication according to ECMA-368, calledWiMedia. WiMedia's reservation-based medium access for high throughput and strict QoS requirements is evaluated taking inter-piconet interference into account. Strategies for distributed interference aware scheduling are proposed and examined by simulation to show system capacity for given scenarios.
the proceedings contain 140 papers. the topics discussed include: contention-aware data caching in wireless multihop ad hoc networks;hierarchical distributed data classification in wireless sensor networks;cooperative...
ISBN:
(纸本)9781424451135
the proceedings contain 140 papers. the topics discussed include: contention-aware data caching in wireless multihop ad hoc networks;hierarchical distributed data classification in wireless sensor networks;cooperative download in urban vehicular networks;on accuracy of region-based localization algorithms for wireless sensor networks;ratio-based zero-profiling indoor localization;surviving holes and barriers in geographic data reporting for wireless sensor networks;a mobility and congestion resilient data management system for distributed mobile networks;secure autoconfiguration and public-key distribution for mobile ad-hoc networks;ChainFarm: a novel authentication protocol for high-rate any source probabilistic broadcast;multicast capacity of multihop cognitive network;minimum maintenance cost routing in cognitive radio networks;and joint QoS-aware admission control, channel assignment, and power allocation for cognitive radio cellular networks.
the forests of British Columbia, Canada have undergone an unprecedented Mountain Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, (MPB) infestation that has resulted in extensive mortality of lodgepole pine, Pinus contor...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9788890357411
the forests of British Columbia, Canada have undergone an unprecedented Mountain Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, (MPB) infestation that has resulted in extensive mortality of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta. the objective of this study is to apply the agent-based model (ABM) to simulate the MPB attack behaviour in order to evaluate how different harvesting policies influence spatial characteristics of the forest and spatial propagation of the MPB infestation over time. the first scenario is the no management action withthe natural disturbance process leading the changes of the forest ecosystem. the other two scenarios implement sanitation and salvage harvesting methods. Obtained results indicate that the different management strategies significantly affect the MPB infestation rates. Statistical analysis of the simulation outcomes is performed to compare the three scenarios and prove that salvage harvesting is the most effective strategy. this study can improve our understanding of the effects of management strategies and assist policy decision making process when complex MPB agent-based model of forest insect outbreaks is used.
In many cases model integration treats models as software components only, ignoring the fluid relationship between models and reality, the evolving nature of models and their constant modification and re-calibration. ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9788890357411
In many cases model integration treats models as software components only, ignoring the fluid relationship between models and reality, the evolving nature of models and their constant modification and re-calibration. As a result, with integrated models we find increased complexity, where changes that used to impact only relatively contained models of subsystems, now propagate throughout the whole integrated system. this makes it harder to keep the overall complexity under control and, in a way, defeats the purpose of modularity, when efficiency is supposed to be gained from independent development of modules. Treating models only as software in solving the integration challenge may give birth to 'integronsters' - constructs that are perfectly valid as software products but ugly and useless as models. We argue that one possible remedy is to learn to use data as modules and integrate them into the models. then the data that are available for module calibration can serve as an intermediate linkage tool, sitting between modules and providing a moduleindependent baseline dynamics, which is then incremented when scenarios are to be run. In this case it is not the model output that is directed into the next model input, but model output is presented as a variation around the baseline trajectory, and it is this variation that is then fed into the next module down the chain. the Chesapeake Bay Program suite of models is used to illustrate these problems and the possible solutions.
Forest fire size distribution describes the quantitative relationship between fire size and its corresponding number of occurrences in a forest landscape or region over a certain period. the knowledge of it has been u...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9788890357411
Forest fire size distribution describes the quantitative relationship between fire size and its corresponding number of occurrences in a forest landscape or region over a certain period. the knowledge of it has been used in forest fire management planning and assessment. However, there are still limitations in the empirical study of forest fire size distribution because the poor availability and low quality of fire data. In this study we explored the stochastic and spatio-temporal variability of forest fire size distribution of natural fires in a boreal forest landscape by way of simulation modelling and comparing it to empirical data. We found that fire size distribution is stochastic and has significant spatio-temporal variability which is decided by the causal factors that are stochastic and have spatial and temporal dimensions such as climate and weather, spatial composition of fuel types, topography, soil types, and water bodies. the burn probability near water body is much smaller that far from it by fires whose fires of larger size classes while burn probability by fires of smaller size classes seems more random in space. this findings has important implications for forest management planning such as deciding where to put harvest blocks.
In this paper, we study the outage performance of decode and-forward (DF) opportunistic communication systems withthe Nth best relay selection scheme under independent but not necessarily identical Rayleigh fading ch...
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the proceedings contain 96 papers. the topics discussed include: night-time traffic surveillance: a robust framework for multi-vehicle detection, classification and tracking;vehicle tracking using projective particle ...
ISBN:
(纸本)9780769537184
the proceedings contain 96 papers. the topics discussed include: night-time traffic surveillance: a robust framework for multi-vehicle detection, classification and tracking;vehicle tracking using projective particle filter;comparative evaluation of stationary foreground object detection algorithms based on background subtraction techniques;creating human activity recognition systems using Pareto-based multiobjective optimization;automatic gait recognition using weighted binary pattern on video;incremental EM for probabilistic latent semantic analysis on human action recognition;towards generic detection of unusual events in video surveillance;a people counting system based on face detection and tracking in a video;a pruning approach improving face identification systems;emerging trends in persistent surveillance information fusion;human body articulation for action recognition in video sequences;and multisensor fusion for monitoring elderly activities at home.
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