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proceedings of the acm sigplan 1993 conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Robert Wahbe Steven Lucco Susan L. Graham

ISBN: (纸本)9780897915984

A data breakpoint associates debugging actions with programmer-specified conditions on the memory state of an executing program. Data breakpoints provide a means for discovering program bugs that are tedious or impossible to isolate using control breakpoints alone. In practice, programmers rarely use data breakpoints, because they are either unimplemented or prohibitively slow in available debugging software. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a practical data breakpoint facility.A data breakpoint facility must monitor all memory updates performed by the program being debugged. We implemented and evaluated two complementary techniques for reducing the overhead of monitoring memory updates. First, we checked write instructions by inserting checking code directly into the program being debugged. The checks use a segmented bitmap data structure that minimizes address lookup complexity. Second, we developed data flow algorithms that eliminate checks on some classes of write instructions but may increase the complexity of the remaining *** evaluated these techniques on the SPARC using the SPEC benchmarks. Checking each write instruction using a segmented bitmap achieved an average overhead of 42%. This overhead is independent of the number of breakpoints in use. Data flow analysis eliminated an average of 79% of the dynamic write checks. For scientific programs such the NAS kernels, analysis reduced write checks by a factor of ten or more. On the SPARC these optimizations reduced the average overhead to 25%.

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Incrementalization across object abstraction 05

Incrementalization across object abstraction

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proceedings of the 20th annual acm sigplan conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications

作者： Yanhong A. Liu Scott D. Stoller Michael Gorbovitski Tom Rothamel Yanni Ellen Liu State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook NY University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781595930316

Object abstraction supports the separation of what operations are provided by systems and components from how the operations are implemented, and is essential in enabling the construction of complex systems from components. Unfortunately, clear and modular implementations have poor performance when expensive query operations are repeated, while efficient implementations that incrementally maintain these query results are much more difficult to develop and to understand, because the code blows up significantly, and is no longer clear or *** paper describes a powerful and systematic method that first allows the "what" of each component to be specified in a clear and modular fashion and implemented straightforwardly in an object-oriented language; then analyzes the queries and updates, across object abstraction, in the straightforward implementation; and finally derives the sophisticated and efficient "how" of each component by incrementally maintaining the results of repeated expensive queries with respect to updates to their parameters. Our implementation and experimental results for example applications in query optimization, role-based access control, etc. demonstrate the effectiveness and benefit of the method.

关键词： program analysis design invariants program optimization incrementalization object-oriented abstraction program transformation

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acm '76 - proceedings OF THE ANNUAL conference.

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1976年

作者： Anon

This symposium, held in Houston, Texas from October 20 to 22, 1976 contains 105 papers. Topics covered include: Theoretical results in compiler design and implementation; Computer system and network architecture; Recent developments in natural language understanding; Multinational information systems; Data base security; computers in medicine; Computer science education; Based learning and communication environments; Algorithm engineering; Computer architecture; Operating systems for minicomputers; Minicomputer and microcomputer applications; Data base systems organization and optimization; Operating system design; programming languages and their processors; Standardization in simulation; and Program testing.

关键词： COMPUTERS

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Object views: language support for intelligent object caching in parallel and distributed computations 99

Object views: language support for intelligent object cachin...

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proceedings of the 14th acm sigplan conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications

作者： Ilya Lipkind Igor Pechtchanski Vijay Karamcheti Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University 715 Broadway 7th Floor New York NY

ISBN: (纸本)9781581132380

Object-based parallel and distributed applications are becoming increasingly popular, driven by the programmability advantages of component technology and a flat shared-object space. However, the flat shared-object space introduces a performance challenge: applications that rely on the transparent coherent caching of objects achieve high performance only on tightly coupled parallel machines. In distributed environments, the overheads of object caching force application designers to choose other solutions. Consequently, most applications sacrifice programmability, relying instead on either the explicit coherence management of cached objects, or on vastly different middleware abstractions such as multicast and *** this paper, we describe object views — language support for efficient object caching in parallel and distributed computations. Object views specify restrictions on how computation threads can use an object, providing the underlying implementation with information about the potential side effects of object access, and thereby enabling construction of scalable, low-overhead caching protocols customized to application requirements. We present extensions to the Java programming language for expressing object views, and describe the design and implementation of a translator and run-time system for executing view-augmented Java programs on a distributed cluster of workstations. Experimental results based on a shared whiteboard application demonstrate that view-based object caching can achieve performance superior to multicast- and event-based implementations, while retaining essentially a shared object interface.

关键词： object representation distributed objects object caching views collaborative applications shared objects Java

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language support for lightweight transactions 03

Language support for lightweight transactions

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proceedings of the 18th annual acm sigplan conference on Object-oriented programing, systems, languages, and applications

作者： Tim Harris Keir Fraser University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory Cambridge UK

ISBN: (纸本)9781581137125

Concurrent programming is notoriously difficult. Current abstractions are intricate and make it hard to design computer systems that are reliable and scalable. We argue that these problems can be addressed by moving to a declarative style of concurrency control in which programmers directly indicate the safety properties that they require. In our scheme the programmer demarks sections of code which execute within lightweight software-based transactions that commit atomically and exactly once. These transactions can update shared data, instantiate objects, invoke library features and so on. They can also block, waiting for arbitrary boolean conditions to become true. Transactions which do not access the same shared memory locations can commit concurrently. Furthermore, in general, no performance penalty is incurred for memory accesses outside *** present a detailed design of this proposal along with an implementation and evaluation. We argue that the resulting system (i) is easier for mainstream programmers to use, (ii) prevents lock-based priority-inversion and deadlock problems and (iii) can offer performance advantages.

关键词： transactions conditional critical regions concurrency non-blocking systems

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design automation for Ada development under DOD-STD-2167 (and beyond) 87

Design automation for Ada development under DOD-STD-2167 (an...

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proceedings of the 1987 annual acm SIGAda international conference on Ada

作者： Brett Bachman

ISBN: (纸本)9780897912433

The combination of Ada® used as a programming language and as a program design language (PDL) can effectively help automate the enforcement of design methods and the creation of design documentation. This paper discusses how design automation can be applied successfully to the development of complex Ada systems under DOD-STD-2167. In particular, the use of an Ada-based PDL as the basis for capturing design decisions is examined. The paper also explores the implications of such an approach in the context of integrated tool support, namely, the ability to produce documents automatically, to enforce project-specific design rules, to provide interactive traversing between design and implementation, and to facilitate traceability.

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A descriptive model for the design and implementation of computer systems 73

A descriptive model for the design and implementation of com...

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proceedings of the acm annual conference

作者： John Mazur

ISBN: (纸本)9781450374903

We postulate a general computing model and investigate the design and implementation of systems in the postulated environment. The model is drawn from our interpretation of the writings of John von Newmann 1 and others. Its central concept is an abstraction of the capability of all digital computers to modify cells contents that represent addresses of other cells. We discuss three formulations of the model; namely, a “programming language” formulation using vectors, pointers, and move operators, an “emulator” formulation extending the first formulation to include control structure and execution semantics, and a “mathematical” formulation. The proposed model is specifically intended for the interactive design and implementation of software (and also hardware) computer systems. The completeness and the hierarchial nature of the descriptions based on the model allow those descriptions to serve as simulation models and documentation for the complete system being described or for any well-defined part of the system.

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Lightweight object-oriented shared variables for distributed applications on the Internet 98

Lightweight object-oriented shared variables for distributed...

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proceedings of the 13th acm sigplan conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications

作者： Jacob Harris Vivek Sarkar Massachusetts Institute of Technology IBM T. J. Watson Research Center

ISBN: (纸本)9781581130058

This paper describes a lightweight yet powerful approach for writing distributed applications using shared variables. Our approach, called SHAREHOLDER, is inspired by the flexible and intuitive model of information access common to the World Wide Web. The distributed applications targeted by our approach all share a weak consistency model and loose transaction semantics, similar to a user's model of accessing email, bulletin boards, chat rooms, etc. on the Internet. The SHAREHOLDER infrastructure has several advantages. Its highly object-oriented view of shared variables simplifies their initialization and configuration. A shared variable's distribution mechanism is specified through an associated configuration object, and the programmer does not need to write any extra code to implement the sharing mechanism. These configuration objects can be initialized at run-time, allowing tremendous flexibility in dynamic control of distribution of shared variables. Finally, the programmer can treat shared variables and local variables interchangeably, thus simplifying conversion of a serial application into a distributed application.

关键词： language design and implementation persistence world wide web distributed and parallel systems

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Incremental analysis of real programming languages 97

Incremental analysis of real programming languages

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proceedings of the acm sigplan 1997 conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Tim A. Wagner Susan L. Graham University of California Berkeley

ISBN: (纸本)9780897919074

A major research goal for compilers and environments is the automatic derivation of tools from formal specifications. However, the formal model of the language is often inadequate; in particular, LR(k) grammars are unable to describe the natural syntax of many languages, such as C++ and Fortran, which are inherently non-deterministic. designers of batch compilers work around such limitations by combining generated components with ad hoc techniques (for instance, performing partial type and scope analysis in tandem with parsing). Unfortunately, the complexity of incremental systems precludes the use of batch solutions. The inability to generate incremental tools for important languages inhibits the widespread use of language-rich interactive *** address this problem by extending the language model itself, introducing a program representation based on parse dags that is suitable for both batch and incremental analysis. Ambiguities unresolved by one stage are retained in this representation until further stages can complete the analysis, even if the reaolution depends on further actions by the user. Representing ambiguity explicitly increases the number and variety of languages that can be analyzed incrementally using existing *** create this representation, we have developed an efficient incremental parser for general context-free grammars. Our algorithm combines Tomita's generalized LR parser with reuse of entire subtrees via state-matching. Disambiguation can occur statically, during or after parsing, or during semantic analysis (using existing incremental techniques); program errors that preclude disambiguation retsin multiple interpretations indefinitely. Our representation and analyses gain efficiency by exploiting the local nature of ambiguities: for the SPEC95 C programs, the explicit representation of ambiguity requires only 0.5% additional space and less than 1% additional time during reconstruction.

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Featherweight Java: a minimal core calculus for Java and GJ 99

Featherweight Java: a minimal core calculus for Java and GJ

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proceedings of the 14th acm sigplan conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications

作者： Atshushi Igarashi Benjamin Pierce Philip Wadler Dept. of Comp. & Info. Sci. University of Pennsylvania Bell Laboratories Lucent Technologies

ISBN: (纸本)9781581132380

Several recent studies have introduced lightweight versions of Java: reduced languages in which complex features like threads and reflection are dropped to enable rigorous arguments about key properties such as type safety. We carry this process a step further, omitting almost all features of the full language (including interfaces and even assignment) to obtain a small calculus, Featherweight Java, for which rigorous proofs are not only possible but *** Java bears a similar relation to full Java as the lambda-calculus does to languages such as ML and Haskell. It offers a similar computational “feel,” providing classes, methods, fields, inheritance, and dynamic typecasts, with a semantics closely following Java's. A proof of type safety for Featherweight Java thus illustrates many of the interesting features of a safety proof for the full language, while remaining pleasingly compact. The syntax, type rules, and operational semantics of Featherweight Java fit on one page, making it easier to understand the consequences of extensions and *** an illustration of its utility in this regard, we extend Featherweight Java with generic classes in the style of GJ (Bracha, Odersky, Stoutamire, and Wadler) and sketch a proof of type safety. The extended system formalizes for the first time some of the key features of GJ.

关键词： language design implementation theoretical foundations

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