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检索条件"任意字段=Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1991 conference on Programming language design and implementation"

共 1212 条记录，以下是231-240 订阅

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A Simpler, Safer programming and Execution Model for Intermittent Systems 15

A Simpler, Safer Programming and Execution Model for Intermi...

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36th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Lucia, Brandon Ransford, Benjamin Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Univ Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450334686

Energy harvesting enables novel devices and applications without batteries, but intermittent operation under energy harvesting poses new challenges to memory consistency that threaten to leave applications in failed states not reachable in continuous execution. This paper presents analytical models that aid in reasoning about intermittence. Using these, we develop DINO (Death Is Not an Option), a programming and execution model that simplifies programming for intermittent systems and ensures volatile and nonvolatile data consistency despite near-constant interruptions. DINO is the first system to address these consistency problems in the context of intermittent execution. We evaluate DINO on three energy-harvesting hardware platforms running different applications. The applications fail and exhibit error without DINO, but run correctly with DINO's modest 1.8-2.7x run-time overhead. DINO also dramatically simplifies programming, reducing the set of possible failure-related control transfers by 5-9x.

关键词： Intermittent computing

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Defining the Undefinedness of C 15

Defining the Undefinedness of C

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36th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Hathhorn, Chris Ellison, Chucky Rosu, Grigore Univ Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA Univ Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450334686

We present a "negative" semantics of the C11 language-a semantics that does not just give meaning to correct programs, but also rejects undefined programs. We investigate undefined behavior in C and discuss the techniques and special considerations needed for formally specifying it. We have used these techniques to modify and extend a semantics of C into one that captures undefined behavior. The amount of semantic infrastructure and effort required to achieve this was unexpectedly high, in the end nearly doubling the size of the original semantics. From our semantics, we have automatically extracted an undefinedness checker, which we evaluate against other popular analysis tools, using our own test suite in addition to a third-party test suite. Our checker is capable of detecting examples of all 77 categories of core language undefinedness appearing in the C11 standard, more than any other tool we considered. Based on this evaluation, we argue that our work is the most comprehensive and complete semantic treatment of undefined behavior in C, and thus of the C language itself.

关键词： Undefined behavior programming language semantics C11 K Framework

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Semantics Driven Hardware design, implementation, and Verification with ReWire 15

Semantics Driven Hardware Design, Implementation, and Verifi...

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acm sigplan/SIGBED conference on languages, Compilers and Tools for Embedded Systems (LCTES 15)

作者： Procter, Adam Harrison, William L. Graves, Ian Becchi, Michela Allwein, Gerard Univ Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA US Naval Res Lab Stennis Space Ctr MS USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450332576

There is no such thing as high assurance without high assurance hardware. High assurance hardware is essential, because any and all high assurance systems ultimately depend on hardware that conforms to, and does not undermine, critical system properties and invariants. And yet, high assurance hardware development is stymied by the conceptual gap between formal methods and hardware description languages used by engineers. This paper presents ReWire, a functional programming language providing a suitable foundation for formal verification of hardware designs, and a compiler for that language that translates high-level, semantics-driven designs directly into working hardware. ReWire's design and implementation are presented, along with a case study in the design of a secure multicore processor, demonstrating both ReWire's expressiveness as a programming language and its power as a framework for formal, high-level reasoning about hardware systems.

关键词： Formal verification

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Interactive Parser Synthesis by Example 15

Interactive Parser Synthesis by Example

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36th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Leung, Alan Sarracino, John Lerner, Sorin Univ Calif San Diego San Diego CA 92103 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450334686

Despite decades of research on parsing, the construction of parsers remains a painstaking, manual process prone to subtle bugs and pitfalls. We present a programming-by-example framework called Parsify that is able to synthesize a parser from input/output examples. The user does not write a single line of code. To achieve this, Parsify provides: (a) an iterative algorithm for synthesizing and refining a grammar one example at a time, (b) an interface that provides immediate visual feedback in response to changes in the grammar being refined, and (c) a graphical mechanism for specifying example parse trees using only textual selections. We empirically demonstrate the viability of our approach by using Parsify to construct parsers for source code drawn from Verilog, SQL, Apache, and Tiger.

关键词： Algorithms Human Factors languages Parsing programming by Example Program Synthesis

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Stateless Model Checking Concurrent Programs with Maximal Causality Reduction 15

Stateless Model Checking Concurrent Programs with Maximal Ca...

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36th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Huang, Jeff Texas A&M Univ College Stn TX 77843 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450334686

We present maximal causality reduction (MCR), a new technique for stateless model checking. MCR systematically explores the state-space of concurrent programs with a provably minimal number of executions. Each execution corresponds to a distinct maximal causal model extracted from a given execution trace, which captures the largest possible set of causally equivalent executions. Moreover, MCR is embarrassingly parallel by shifting the runtime exploration cost to offline analysis. We have designed and implemented MCR using a constraint-based approach and compared with iterative context bounding (ICB) and dynamic partial order reduction (DPOR) on both benchmarks and real-world programs. MCR reduces the number of executions explored by ICB and ICB+DPOR by orders of magnitude, and significantly improves the scalability, efficiency, and effectiveness of the state-of-the-art for both state-space exploration and bug finding. In our experiments, MCR also revealed several new data races and null pointer dereference errors in frequently studied real-world programs.

关键词： Algorithms design Theory Maximal Causality Reduction Model Checking

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Declarative programming over Eventually Consistent Data Stores 15

Declarative Programming over Eventually Consistent Data Stor...

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36th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Sivaramakrishnan, K. C. Kaki, Gowtham Jagannathan, Suresh Univ Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN England Purdue Univ W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450334686

User-facing online services utilize geo-distributed data stores to minimize latency and tolerate partial failures, with the intention of providing a fast, always-on experience. However, geo-distribution does not come for free;application developers have to contend with weak consistency behaviors, and the lack of abstractions to composably construct high-level replicated data types, necessitating the need for complex application logic and invariably exposing inconsistencies to the user. Some commercial distributed data stores and several academic proposals provide a lattice of consistency levels, with stronger consistency guarantees incurring increased latency and throughput costs. However, correctly assigning the right consistency level for an operation requires subtle reasoning and is often an error-prone task. In this paper, we present QUELEA, a declarative programming model for eventually consistent data stores (ECDS), equipped with a contract language, capable of specifying fine-grained application-level consistency properties. A contract enforcement system analyses contracts, and automatically generates the appropriate consistency protocol for the method protected by the contract. We describe an implementation of QUELEA on top of an off-the-shelf ECDS that provides support for coordination-free transactions. Several benchmarks including two large web applications, illustrate the effectiveness of our approach.

关键词： languages Performance Eventual Consistency Availability CRDTs Axiomatic Contracts Contract Classification Distributed Transactions SMT solvers Decidable Logic Quelea Cassandra Haskell

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The spreadsheet paradigm: A basis for powerful and accessible programming

The spreadsheet paradigm: A basis for powerful and accessibl...

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acm sigplan International conference on Systems, programming, languages and Applications: Software for Humanity, SPLASH 2015

作者： Miller, Gary University of Technology Sydney Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781450337229

This paper takes a cognition-centric approach for programming languages. It promotes the spreadsheet paradigm, with two concrete goals. First, it calls for the design and implementation of several language features to enhance the expressiveness of spreadsheet programming. Second, it describes a plan for rigorous empirical studies to retain the learnability of spreadsheet programming. © 2015 acm.

关键词： Spreadsheets

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Efficient Synthesis of Probabilistic Programs 15

Efficient Synthesis of Probabilistic Programs

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36th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Nori, Aditya V. Ozair, Sherjil Rajamani, Sriram K. Vijaykeerthy, Deepak IIT Delhi Delhi India

ISBN: (纸本)9781450334686

We show how to automatically synthesize probabilistic programs from real-world datasets. Such a synthesis is feasible due to a combination of two techniques: (1) We borrow the idea of "sketching" from synthesis of deterministic programs, and allow the programmer to write a skeleton program with "holes". Sketches enable the programmer to communicate domain-specific intuition about the structure of the desired program and prune the search space, and (2) we design an efficient Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) based synthesis algorithm to instantiate the holes in the sketch with program fragments. Our algorithm efficiently synthesizes a probabilistic program that is most consistent with the data. A core difficulty in synthesizing probabilistic programs is computing the likelihood L (P vertical bar D) of a candidate program P generating data D. We propose an approximate method to compute likelihoods using mixtures of Gaussian distributions, thereby avoiding expensive computation of integrals. The use of such approximations enables us to speed up evaluation of the likelihood of candidate programs by a factor of 1000, and makes Markov Chain Monte Carlo based search feasible. We have implemented our algorithm in a tool called PSKETCH, and our results are encouraging-PSKETCH is able to automatically synthesize 16 non-trivial real-world probabilistic programs.

关键词： design Experimentation Performance Probabilistic programming Program Synthesis Markov Chain Monte Carlo

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Synthesizing Racy Tests 15

Synthesizing Racy Tests

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36th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Samak, Malavika Ramanathan, Murali Krishna Jagannathan, Suresh Indian Inst Sci Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India Purdue Univ W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450334686

Subtle concurrency errors in multithreaded libraries that arise because of incorrect or inadequate synchronization are often difficult to pinpoint precisely using only static techniques. On the other hand, the effectiveness of dynamic race detectors is critically dependent on multithreaded test suites whose execution can be used to identify and trigger races. Usually, such multithreaded tests need to invoke a specific combination of methods with objects involved in the invocations being shared appropriately to expose a race. Without a priori knowledge of the race, construction of such tests can be challenging. In this paper, we present a lightweight and scalable technique for synthesizing precisely these kinds of tests. Given a multithreaded library and a sequential test suite, we describe a fully automated analysis that examines sequential execution traces, and produces as its output a concurrent client program that drives shared objects via library method calls to states conducive for triggering a race. Experimental results on a variety of well-tested Java libraries yield 101 synthesized multithreaded tests in less than four minutes. Analyzing the execution of these tests using an off-the-shelf race detector reveals 187 harmful races, including several previously unreported ones.

关键词： design Reliability Verification Race detection dynamic analysis concurrency

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Lightweight, Flexible Object-Oriented Generics 15

Lightweight, Flexible Object-Oriented Generics

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36th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Zhang, Yizhou Loring, Matthew C. Salvaneschi, Guido Liskov, Barbara Myers, Andrew C. Cornell Univ Ithaca NY 14853 USA Tech Univ Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany MIT Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450334686

The support for generic programming in modern object-oriented programming languages is awkward and lacks desirable expressive power. We introduce an expressive genericity mechanism that adds expressive power and strengthens static checking, while remaining lightweight and simple in common use cases. Like type classes and concepts, the mechanism allows existing types to model type constraints retroactively. For expressive power, we expose models as named constructs that can be defined and selected explicitly to witness constraints;in common uses of genericity, however, types implicitly witness constraints without additional programmer effort. Models are integrated into the object-oriented style, with features like model generics, model-dependent types, model enrichment, model multimethods, constraint entailment, model inheritance, and existential quantification further extending expressive power in an object-oriented setting. We introduce the new genericity features and show that common generic programming idioms, including current generic libraries, can be expressed more precisely and concisely. The static semantics of the mechanism and a proof of a key decidability property can be found in an associated technical report.

关键词： Genus generic programming constraints models

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