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Experiences creating a portable Cedar

sigplan Notices (acm Special Interest Group on programming languages) 1989年第7期24卷 322-329页

作者： Atkinson, Russ Demers, Alan Hauser, Carl Jacobi, Christian Kessler, Peter Weiser, Mark Xerox PARC United States

Cedar is the name for both a language and an environment in use in the Computer Science Laboratory at Xerox PARC since 1980. The Cedar language is a superset of Mesa, the major additions being garbage collection and runtime types. Neither the language nor the environment was originally intended to be portable, and for many years ran only on D-machines at PARC and a few other locations in Xerox. We recently re-implemented the language to make it portable across many different architectures. We present a brief description of the Cedar language, our portability strategy for the compiler and runtime, our manner of making connections to other languages and the Unix operating system, and some measures of the performance of our 'Portable Cedar'.

关键词： Computer programming languages

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Framework for construction and evaluation of high-level specifications for program analysis techniques

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sigplan Notices (acm Special Interest Group on programming languages) 1989年第7期24卷 1-12页

作者： Venkatesh, G.A. Univ of Wisconsin United States

We have developed and implemented a framework that can be used to construct concise high-level specifications of program analysis techniques. Use of such a framework in a system such as the Synthesizer Generator allows program analysis techniques to be incorporated into program development environments without a need to supply implementation details. This aids in rapid development of new program analysis techniques as well as techniques that share common features but are customized for specific applications. The choice of a denotational framework to express these specifications allows formal proofs of correctness to be established for each of these analysis techniques. The facilities provided by the framework result in clear and concise specifications that aid in the understanding of the corresponding analysis techniques.

关键词： Computer programming languages

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Occurrence Typing Modulo Theories

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acm sigplan NOTICES 2016年第6期51卷 296-309页

作者： Kent, Andrew M. Kempe, David Tobin-Hochstadt, Sam Indiana Univ Bloomington IN 47405 USA

We present a new type system combining occurrence typing- a technique previously used to type check programs in dynamically-typed languages such as Racket, Clojure, and JavaScript-with dependent refinement types. We demonstrate that the addition of refinement types allows the integration of arbitrary solver-backed reasoning about logical propositions from external theories. By building on occurrence typing, we can add our enriched type system as a natural extension of Typed Racket, reusing its core while increasing its expressiveness. The result is a well-tested type system with a conservative, decidable core in which types may depend on a small but extensible set of program terms. In addition to describing our design, we present the following: a formal model and proof of correctness;a strategy for integrating new theories, with specific examples including linear arithmetic and bitvectors;and an evaluation in the context of the full Typed Racket implementation. Specifically, we take safe vector operations as a case study, examining all vector accesses in a 56,000 line corpus of Typed Racket programs. Our system is able to prove that 50% of these are safe with no new annotations, and with a few annotations and modifications we capture more than 70%.

关键词： languages design Verification Refinement types occurrence typing Racket

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Dependence analysis for pointer variables

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sigplan Notices (acm Special Interest Group on programming languages) 1989年第7期24卷 28-40页

作者： Horwitz, Susan Pfeiffer, Phil Reps, Thomas Univ of Wisconsin United States

Our concern is how to determine data dependences between program constructs in programming languages with pointer variables. We are particularly interested in computing data dependences for languages that manipulate heap-allocated storage, such as Lisp and Pascal. We have defined a family of algorithms that compute safe approximations to the flow, output, and anti-dependences of a program written in such a language. Our algorithms account for destructive updates to fields of a structure and thus are not limited to the cases where all structures are trees or acyclic graphs;they are applicable to programs that build cyclic structures. For structured programming constructs, the technique can be extended to distinguish between loop-carried and loop-independent dependences, as well as to determine lower bounds on minimum distances for loop-carried dependences.

关键词： Computer programming languages

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A race-free hardware modeling language

A race-free hardware modeling language

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3rd acm and IEEE International conferenceon Formal Methods and Models for Co-design, MEMOCODE'05

作者： Schaumont, Patrick Shukla, Sandeep Verbauwhede, Ingrid UCLA Virginia Tech UCLA KUL

ISBN: (纸本)0780392272

We describe race-free properties of a hardware description language called GEZEL. The language describes networks of cycle-true finite-state-machines with datapaths (FSMDs). We derive a set of four rules under which a network of such FSMDs satisfies the Kahn principle. When applying those rules, GEZEL programs will be determinate and a designer will thus obtain race-free hardware. We define extended FSMD networks as FSMD networks for which some components are user-defined and not specified as FSMDs. An important result is that the determinate properties of the FSMD network are also valid for the extended FSMD network provided that the user-defined components are determinate. Most hardware description languages do not have this determinacy. Their simulation semantics are dependent on simulator implementation, and on a run-time race resolution mechanism. We therefore position GEZEL as a model of computation that RTL designers should have in mind while creating RTL models. In fact, we can generate SystemC and other HDL code from GEZEL models, thereby guaranteeing the determinacy in the generated HDL code. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Computer programming languages

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Query language for multidimensional arrays: design, implementation, and optimization techniques

Query language for multidimensional arrays: Design, implemen...

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proceedings of the 1996 acm SIGMOD International conference on Management of Data

作者： Libkin, Leonid Machlin, Rona Wong, Limsoon Bell Lab

While much recent research has focussed on extending databases beyond the traditional relational model, relatively little has been done to develop database tools for querying data organized in (multidimensional) arrays. The scientific computing community has made little use of available database technology. Instead, multidimensional scientific data is typically stored in local files conforming to various data exchange formats and queried via specialized access libraries tied in to general purpose programming languages. To allow such data to be queried using known database techniques, we design and implement a query language for multidimensional arrays. Our main design decision is to treat arrays as functions from index sets to values rather than as collection types. This leads to clean syntax and semantics as well as simple but powerful optimization rules. We present a calculus for arrays that extends standard calculi for complex objects. We derive a higher-level comprehension style query language based on this calculus and describe its implementation, including a data driver for the NetCDF data exchange format. Next, we explore some optimization rules obtained from the equational laws of our core calculus. Finally, we study the expressiveness of our calculus and prove that it essentially corresponds to adding ranking to a query language for complex objects.

关键词： Query languages

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Modeling Turnpike frontend system: A model-driven development framework leveraging UML metamodeling and attribute-oriented programming 05

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8th International conference on Model Driven Engineering languages and Systems

作者： Wada, H Suzuki, J Univ Massachusetts Dept Comp Sci Boston MA 02125 USA

ISBN: (纸本)3540290109

This paper describes and empirically evaluates a new model-driven development framework, called Modeling Turnpike (or mTurnpike). It allows developers to model and program domain-specific concepts (ideas and mechanisms specific to a particular business or technology domain) and to transform them to the final (compilable) source code. By leveraging UML metamodeling and attribute-oriented programming, mTurnpike provides an abstraction to represent domain-specific concepts at the modeling and programming layers simultaneously. The mTurnpike frontend system transforms domain-specific concepts from the modeling layer to programming layer, and vise versa, in a seamless manner. Its backend system combines domain-specific models and programs, and transforms them to the final (compilable) source code. This paper focuses on the frontend system of mTurnpike, and describes its design, implementation and performance implications. In order to demonstrate how to exploit mTurnpike in application development, this paper also shows a development process using an example DSL (domain specific language) to specify service-oriented distributed systems.

关键词： Object oriented programming

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Ansible Lightspeed: A Code Generation Service for IT Automation 24

Ansible Lightspeed: A Code Generation Service for IT Automat...

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39th acm/IEEE International conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)

作者： Sahoo, Priyam Pujar, Saurabh Nalawade, Ganesh Gebhardt, Richard Mandel, Louis Buratti, Luca Red Hat Raleigh NC USA IBM Res Yorktown Hts NY 10598 USA

ISBN: (数字)9798400712487

ISBN: (纸本)9798400712487

The availability of Large language Models (LLMs) which can generate code, has made it possible to create tools that improve developer productivity. Integrated development environments or IDEs which developers use to write software are often used as an interface to interact with LLMs. Although many such tools have been released, almost all of them focus on general-purpose programming languages. Domain-specific languages, such as those crucial for Information Technology (IT) automation, have not received much attention. Ansible is one such YAML-based IT automation-specific language. Ansible Lightspeed is an LLM-based service designed explicitly to generate Ansible YAML, given natural language prompt. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of the Ansible Lightspeed service. We then evaluate its utility to developers using diverse indicators, including extended utilization, analysis of user edited suggestions, as well as user sentiments analysis. The evaluation is based on data collected for 10,696 real users including 3,910 returning users. The code for Ansible Lightspeed service and the analysis framework is made available for others to use. To our knowledge, our study is the first to involve thousands of users of code assistants for domain-specific languages. We are also the first code completion tool to present N-Day user retention figures, which is 13.66% on Day 30. We propose an improved version of user acceptance rate, called Strong Acceptance rate, where a suggestion is considered accepted only if less than 50% of it is edited and these edits do not change critical parts of the suggestion. By focusing on Ansible, Lightspeed is able to achieve a strong acceptance rate of 49.08% for multi-line Ansible task suggestions. With our findings we provide insights into the effectiveness of small, dedicated models in a domain-specific context. We hope this work serves as a reference for software engineering and machine learning researchers exploring code c

关键词： Productivity Sentiment analysis Codes Automation Large language models Natural languages Machine learning Software Software engineering Domain specific languages

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Semantics of program dependence

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sigplan Notices (acm Special Interest Group on programming languages) 1989年第7期24卷 13-27页

作者： Cartwright, Robert Felleisen, Matthias Rice Univ United States

Optimizing and parallelizing compilers for procedural languages rely on various forms of program dependence graphs (pdgs) to express the essential control and data dependences among atomic program operations. In this paper, we provide a semantic justification for this practice by deriving two different forms of program dependence graph - the output pdg and the def-order pdg - and their semantic definitions from non-strict generalizations of the denotational semantics of the programming language. In the process, we demonstrate that both the output pdg and the def-order pdg (with minor technical modifications) are conventional data-flow programs. In addition, we show that the semantics of the def-order pdg dominates the semantics of the output pdg and that both of these semantics dominate - rather than preserve - the semantics of sequential execution.

关键词： Computer programming languages

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Towards integrating modeling and programming languages: The case of UML and Java 2

Towards integrating modeling and programming languages: The ...

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2nd International Workshop on The Globalization of Modeling languages, GEMOC 2014, Co-located with acm/IEEE 17th International conference on Model Driven Engineering languages and Systems, Models 2014

作者： Neubauer, Patrick Mayerhofer, Tanja Kappel, Gerti Business Informatics Group Vienna University of Technology Austria

Today, modeling and programming constitute separate activities carried out using modeling respectively programming languages, which are neither well integrated with each other nor have a one-to-one correspondence. As a consequence, platform and implementation details, such as the usage of existing software components and libraries, are usually introduced on code level only. This impedes accurate model-level analyses that take platform-specific decisions into account as well as the direct deployment of executable models on the target platform. In this work we present an approach for integrating existing software libraries with fUML models - an executable variant of UML models for which a standardized virtual machine exists - not only at design time but also at runtime. As a result of that, the modeler is empowered with the capabilities provided by existing software libraries on model level. Our approach is evaluated based on unit tests and initial case studies available in the ReMoDD repository that assess the correctness, performance, and completeness of our implementation.

关键词： Unified Modeling language

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