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programming Ad-hoc Networks of mobile and resource-constrained devices

acm sigplan NOTICES 2005年第6期40卷 249-260页

作者： Ni, Y Kremer, U Stere, A Iftode, L Rutgers State Univ Dept Comp Sci Piscataway NJ 08854 USA

Ad-hoc networks of mobile devices such as smart phones and PDAs represent a new and exciting distributed system architecture. Building distributed applications on such an architecture poses new design challenges in programming models, languages, compilers, and runtime systems. This paper discusses SpatialViews, a high-level language designed for programming mobile devices connected through a wireless ad-hoc network. SpatialViews allows specification of virtual networks with nodes providing desired services and residing in interesting spaces. These nodes are discovered dynamically with user-specified time constraints and quality of result (QoR). The programming model supports "best-effort" semantics, i.e., different executions of the same program may result in "correct" answers of different quality. It is the responsibility of the compiler and runtime system to produce a high-quality answer for the particular network and resource conditions encountered during program execution. Four applications, which exercise different features of the SpatialViews language, are presented to demonstrate the expressiveness of the language and the efficiency of the compiler generated code. The applications are an application that collects and aggregates sensor data in network, an application that performs dynamic service installation, a mobile camera application that supports computation offloading for image understanding, and an augmented-reality (AR) Pacman game. The efficiency of the compiler generated code is verified through simulation and physical measurements. The reported results show that SpatialViews is an expressive and effective language for ad-hoc networks. In addition, compiler optimizations can significantly improve response times and energy consumption.

关键词： Ad-hoc Networks MANET location-awareness service discovery quality of result

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The composition of abstractions: Evolution of software component design with Ada 95

The composition of abstractions: Evolution of software compo...

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International conference on TRI-Ada 1995: Ada's Role in Global Markets: Solutions for a Changing Complex World, TRI-Ada 1995

作者： Kempe, Magnus Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne Software Engineering Laboratory EPFL-DI-LGL LausanneCH-1015 Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)0897917057

Ada 95 adds many new, powerful constructs to the ones Ada 83 already offered. From the perspective of a designer and implementor of Ada software components, this should encourage an evolution in the architecture of component families, and from the perspective of the user the improvements must be understood. This paper describes evolutionary issues in designing reusable components, indicates potential directions to update the matrix of component properties, and examines some general design options and problems. Finally, a sample family of components is presented as a case study. The conclusion is that Ada 95 helps solve many advanced and complex issues in the design and implementation of adaptable software components, benefitting both designers and users of reusable component libraries. © 1995 acm.

关键词： Chemical analysis

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CONCURRIT: A Domain Specific language for Reproducing Concurrency Bugs 13

CONCURRIT: A Domain Specific Language for Reproducing Concur...

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acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Tayfun Elmas Jacob Burnim George Necula Koushik Sen Google Inc. Sift Science Inc. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California

ISBN: (纸本)9781450320146

We present CONCURRIT, a domain-specific language (DSL) for reproducing concurrency bugs. Given some partial information about the nature of a bug in an application, a programmer can write a CONCURRIT script to formally and concisely specify a set of thread schedules to explore in order to find a schedule exhibiting the bug. Further, the programmer can specify how these thread schedules should be searched to find a schedule that reproduces the bug. We implemented CONCURRIT as an embedded DSL in C++, which uses manual or automatic source instrumentation to partially control the scheduling of the software under test. Using CONCURRIT, we were able to write concise tests to reproduce concurrency bugs in a variety of benchmarks, including the Mozilla's SpiderMon-key JavaScript engine, Memcached, Apache's HTTP server, and MySQL.

关键词： Concurrency Errors Domain-Specific languages Software Testing

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Reliable and efficient programming abstractions for wireless sensor networks

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acm sigplan NOTICES 2007年第6期42卷 200-210页

作者： Kothari, Nupur Gummadi, Ramakrishna Millstein, Todd Govindan, Ramesh Univ So Calif Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Univ Calif Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90024 USA

It is currently difficult to build practical and reliable programming systems out of distributed and resource-constrained sensor devices. The state of the art in today's sensornet programming is centered around a component-based language called nesC. nesC is a node-level language-a program is written for an individual node in the network-and nesC programs use the services of an operating system called TinyOS. We are pursuing an approach to programming sensor networks that significantly raises the level of abstraction over this practice. The critical change is one of perspective: rather than writing programs from the point of view of an individual node, programmers implement a central program that conceptually has access to the entire network. This approach pushes to the compiler the task of producing node-level programs that implement the desired behavior. We present the Pleiades programming language, its compiler, and its runtime. The Pleiades language extends the C language with constructs that allow programmers to name and access node-local state within the network and to specify simple forms of concurrent execution. The compiler and runtime system cooperate to implement Pleiades programs efficiently and reliably. First, the compiler employs a novel program analysis to translate Pleiades programs into message-efficient units of work implemented in nesC. The Pleiades runtime system orchestrates execution of these units, using TinyOS services, across a network of sensor nodes. Second, the compiler and runtime system employ novel locking, deadlock detection, and deadlock recovery algorithms that guarantee serializability in the face of concurrent execution. We illustrate the readability, reliability and efficiency benefits of the Pleiades language through detailed experiments, and demonstrate that the Pleiades implementation of a realistic application performs similar to a hand-coded nesC version that contains more than ten times as much code.

关键词： performance design languages reliability experimentation wireless sensor networks macroprogramming energy efficiency serializability deadlocks

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Classbox/J: Controlling the scope of change in Java

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acm sigplan NOTICES 2005年第10期40卷 177-189页

作者： Bergel, A Ducasse, S Nierstrasz, O Univ Bern Software Composit Grp Bern Switzerland Univ Savoie Language & Software Evolut Grp LISTIC Chambery France

Unanticipated changes to complex software systems can introduce anomalies such as duplicated code, suboptimal inheritance relationships and a proliferation of run-tirne downcasts. Refactoring to eliminate these anomalies may not be an option, at least in certain stages of software evolution. Classboxes are modules that restrict the visibility of changes to selected clients only, thereby offering more freedom in the way unanticipated changes may be implemented, and thus reducing the need for convoluted design anomalies. In this paper we demonstrate how classboxes can be implemented in statically-typed languages like Java. We also present an extended case study of Swing, a Java GUI package built on top of AWT, and we document the ensuing anomalies that Swing introduces. We show how Classbox/J, a prototype implementation of classboxes for Java, is used to provide a cleaner implementation of Swing using local refinement rather than subclassing.

关键词： language design module package open-classes class extension

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Petri-net evaluation using APL2

Petri-net evaluation using APL2

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proceedings of the International conference on APL

作者： Willhoft, Robert G. IBM Corp Endicott United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897914775

A Petri net is a graphical and mathematical modeling tool useful in the analysis of concurrent, asynchronous, distributed, parallel, nondeterministic, and/or stochastic systems. In addition, interest in Petri nets is increasing in the software community to model the behavior of parallel computer programs. The introduction of timed Petri nets allows system or program performance to be estimated as well. This paper begins with a general discussion, including definitions, for both ordinary and timed Petri nets. Several analysis tools are outlined for ordinary and timed Petri nets including analysis of the incidence matrix, coverability tree, firing diagram, and the GRID (Graph of Reachable Instantaneous Descriptions). This paper then introduces a method for representing Petri nets in APL2 and defines an easy input method. An APL2 implementation of each of the above analysis tools is given. These functions are described in detail as to their operation. Several examples of their use are given including examples of deadlock detection and performance estimation.

关键词： APL (programming language)

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Event-Driven Network programming

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acm sigplan NOTICES 2016年第6期51卷 369-385页

作者： McClurg, Jedidiah Hojjat, Hossein Foster, Nate Cerny, Pavol CU Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA Cornell Univ Ithaca NY 14853 USA

Software-defined networking (SDN) programs must simultaneously describe static forwarding behavior and dynamic updates in response to events. Event-driven updates are critical to get right, but difficult to implement correctly due to the high degree of concurrency in networks. Existing SDN platforms offer weak guarantees that can break application invariants, leading to problems such as dropped packets, degraded performance, security violations, etc. This paper introduces event-driven consistent updates that are guaranteed to preserve well-defined behaviors when transitioning between configurations in response to events. We propose network event structures (NESs) to model constraints on updates, such as which events can be enabled simultaneously and causal dependencies between events. We define an extension of the NetKAT language with mutable state, give semantics to stateful programs using NESs, and discuss provably-correct strategies for implementing NESs in SDNs. Finally, we evaluate our approach empirically, demonstrating that it gives well-defined consistency guarantees while avoiding expensive synchronization and packet buffering.

关键词： network update consistent update event structure software-defined networking SDN NetKAT

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EXPLORER : Query- and Demand-Driven Exploration of Interprocedural Control Flow Properties

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acm sigplan NOTICES 2015年第10期50卷 520-534页

作者： Feng, Yu Wang, Xinyu Dillig, Isil Lin, Calvin Univ Texas Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

This paper describes a general framework-and its implementation in a tool called EXPLORER-for statically answering a class of interprocedural control flow queries about Java programs. EXPLORER allows users to formulate queries about feasible callstack configurations using regular expressions, and it employs a precise, demand-driven algorithm for answering such queries. Specifically, EXPLORER constructs an automaton A that is iteratively refined until either the language accepted by A is empty (meaning that the query has been refuted) or until no further refinement is possible based on a precise, context-sensitive abstraction of the program. We evaluate EXPLORER by applying it to three different program analysis tasks, namely, (1) analysis of the observer design pattern in Java, (2) identification of a class of performance bugs, and (3) analysis of inter-component communication in Android applications. Our evaluation shows that EXPLORER is both efficient and precise.

关键词： Algorithms languages Program analysis Demand-driven analysis points-to analysis query language control flow properties

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The role of motherhood in the pop art of system programming 69

The role of motherhood in the pop art of system programming

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2nd acm Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, SOSP 1969

作者： Neumann, Peter G. Bell Telephone Laboratories Incorporated Murray HillNJ United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450374569

Numerous papers and conference talks have recently been devoted to the affirmation or reaffirmation of various common-sense principles of computer program design and implementation, particularly with respect to operating systems and to large subsystems such as language translators. These principles are nevertheless little observed in practice, often to the detriment of the resulting systems. This paper attempts to summarize the most significant principles, to evaluate their applicability in the real world of large multi-access systems, and to assess how they can be used more effectively. © 1969 Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Program translators

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Scannerless NSLR(1) parsing of programming languages

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sigplan Notices (acm Special Interest Group on programming languages) 1989年第7期24卷 170-178页

作者： Salomon, Daniel J. Cormack, Gordon V. Univ of Waterloo Canada

The disadvantages of traditional two-phase parsing (a scanner phase preprocessing input for a parser phase) are discussed. We present metalanguage enhancements for context-free grammars that allow the syntax of programming languages to be completely described in a single grammar. The enhancements consist of two new grammar rules, the exclusion rule, and the adjacency-restriction rule. We also present parser construction techniques for building parsers from these enhanced grammars, that eliminate the need for a scanner phase.

关键词： Computer Operating Systems

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