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Backstage Java Making a Difference in Metaprogramming 11

Backstage Java Making a Difference in Metaprogramming

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2011 acm International conference on Object Oriented programming Systems languages and Applications

作者： Palmer, Zachary Smith, Scott F. Johns Hopkins Univ Baltimore MD 21218 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450309400

We propose Backstage Java (BSJ), a Java language extension which allows algorithmic, contextually-aware generation and transformation of code. BSJ explicitly and concisely represents design patterns and other encodings by employing compile-time metaprogramming: a practice in which the programmer writes instructions which are executed over the program's AST during compilation. While compile-time metaprogramming has been successfully used in functional languages such as Template Haskell, a number of language properties (scope, syntactic structure, mutation, etc.) have thus far prevented this theory from translating to the imperative world. BSJ uses the novel approach of difference-based metaprogramming to provide an imperative programming style amenable to the Java community and to enforce that metaprograms are consistent and semantically unambiguous. To make the feasibility of BSJ metaprogramming evident, we have developed a compiler implementation and numerous working code examples.

关键词： languages design Java metaprogramming macros design patterns software merging difference-based metaprogramming

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Armada: Low-Effort Verification of High-Performance Concurrent Programs 2020

Armada: Low-Effort Verification of High-Performance Concurre...

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41st acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Lorch, Jacob R. Chen, Yixuan Kapritsos, Manos Parno, Bryan Qadeer, Shaz Sharma, Upamanyu Wilcox, James R. Zhao, Xueyuan Microsoft Res Redmond WA 98052 USA Univ Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Yale Univ New Haven CT 06520 USA Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Calibra Seattle WA USA Certora San Francisco CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450376136

Safely writing high-performance concurrent programs is notoriously difficult. To aid developers, we introduce Armada, a language and tool designed to formally verify such programs with relatively little effort. Via a C-like language and a small-step, state-machine-based semantics, Armada gives developers the flexibility to choose arbitrary memory layout and synchronization primitives so they are never constrained in their pursuit of performance. To reduce developer effort, Armada leverages SMT-powered automation and a library of powerful reasoning techniques, including rely-guarantee, TSO elimination, reduction, and alias analysis. All these techniques are proven sound, and Armada can be soundly extended with additional strategies over time. Using Armada, we verify four concurrent case studies and show that we can achieve performance equivalent to that of unverified code.

关键词： refinement weak memory models x86-TSO

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Synthesizing Structured CAD Models with Equality Saturation and Inverse Transformations 2020

Synthesizing Structured CAD Models with Equality Saturation ...

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41st acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Nandi, Chandrakana Willsey, Max Anderson, Adam Wilcox, James R. Darulova, Eva Grossman, Dan Tatlock, Zachary Univ Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Certora Raleigh NC USA MPI SWS Saarbrucken Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450376136

Recent program synthesis techniques help users customize CAD models (e.g., for 3D printing) by decompiling low-level triangle meshes to Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) expressions. Without loops or functions, editing CSG can require many coordinated changes, and existing mesh decompilers use heuristics that can obfuscate high-level structure. This paper proposes a second decompilation stage to robustly lshrinkz unstructured CSG expressions into more editable programs with map and fold operators. We present Szalinski, a tool that uses Equality Saturation with semanticspreserving CAD rewrites to efficiently search for smaller equivalent programs. Szalinski relies on inverse transformations, a novel way for solvers to speculatively add equivalences to an E-graph. We qualitatively evaluate Szalinski in case studies, show how it composes with an existing mesh decompiler, and demonstrate that Szalinski can shrink large models in seconds.

关键词： Equality Saturation Program Synthesis Decompilation Computer-Aided design

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Meta optimization: Improving compiler heuristics with machine learning 03

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conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Stephenson, M Amarasinghe, S Martin, M O'Reilly, UM MIT Comp Sci Lab Cambridge MA 02139 USA MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781581136623

Compiler writers have crafted many heuristics over the years to approximately solve NP-hard problems efficiently. Finding a heuristic that performs well on a broad range of applications is a tedious and difficult process. This paper introduces Meta Optimization, a methodology for automatically fine-tuning compiler heuristics. Meta Optimization uses machine-learning techniques to automatically search the space of compiler heuristics. Our techniques reduce compiler design complexity by relieving compiler writers of the tedium of heuristic tuning. Our machine-learning system uses an evolutionary algorithm to automatically find effective compiler heuristics. We present promising experimental results. In one mode of operation Meta Optimization creates application-specific heuristics which often result in impressive speedups. For hyperblock formation, one optimization we present in this paper, we obtain an average speedup of 23% (up to 73%) for the applications in our suite. Furthermore, by evolving a compiler's heuristic over several benchmarks, we can create effective, general-purpose heuristics. The best general-purpose heuristic our system found for hyperblock formation improved performance by an average of 25% on our training set, and 9% on a completely unrelated test set. We demonstrate the efficacy of our techniques - on three different optimizations in this paper: hyperblock formation, register allocation, and data prefetching.

关键词： machine learning priority functions genetic programming compiler heuristics

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Algorithm specialization in generic programming: Challenges of constrained generics in C++ 06

Algorithm specialization in generic programming: Challenges ...

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acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation, PLDI 2006 - PLAS 2006: 2006 programming languages and Analysis for Security Workshop

作者： Järvi, Jaakko Gregor, Douglas Willcock, Jeremiah Lumsdaine, Andrew Siek, Jeremy Texas A and M University United States Indiana University United States Rice University United States

ISBN: (纸本)1595933743

Generic programming has recently emerged as a paradigm for developing highly reusable software libraries, most notably in C++. We have designed and implemented a constrained generics extension for C++ to support modular type checking of generic algorithms and to address other issues associated with unconstrained generics. To be as broadly applicable as possible, generic algorithms are defined with minimal requirements on their inputs. At the same time, to achieve a high degree of efficiency, generic algorithms may have multiple implementations that exploit features of specific classes of inputs. This process of algorithm specialization relies on non-local type information and conflicts directly with the local nature of modular type checking. In this paper, we review the design and implementation of our extensions for generic programming in C++, describe the issues of algorithm specialization and modular type checking in detail, and discuss the important design tradeoffs in trying to accomplish *** present the particular design that we chose for our implementation, with the goal of hitting the sweet spot in this interesting design space. Copyright © 2006 acm.

关键词： Computer programming

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SEMCLUSTER: Clustering of Imperative programming Assignments Based on Quantitative Semantic Features 2019

SEMCLUSTER: Clustering of Imperative Programming Assignments...

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40th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI) part of acm's Federated Computing Research conference (FCRC)

作者： Perry, David M. Kim, Dohyeong Samanta, Roopsha Zhang, Xiangyu Purdue Univ W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450367127

A fundamental challenge in automated reasoning about programming assignments at scale is clustering student submissions based on their underlying algorithms. State-of-the-art clustering techniques are sensitive to control structure variations, cannot cluster buggy solutions with similar correct solutions, and either require expensive pair-wise program analyses or training efforts. We propose a novel technique that can cluster small imperative programs based on their algorithmic essence: (A) how the input space is partitioned into equivalence classes and (B) how the problem is uniquely addressed within individual equivalence classes. We capture these algorithmic aspects as two quantitative semantic program features that are merged into a program's vector representation. Programs are then clustered using their vector representations. The computation of our first semantic feature leverages model counting to identify the number of inputs belonging to an input equivalence class. The computation of our second semantic feature abstracts the program's data flow by tracking the number of occurrences of a unique pair of consecutive values of a variable during its lifetime. The comprehensive evaluation of our tool SemCluster on benchmarks drawn from solutions to small programming assignments shows that SemCluster (1) generates far fewer clusters than other clustering techniques, (2) precisely identifies distinct solution strategies, and (3) boosts the performance of clustering-based program repair, all within a reasonable amount of time.

关键词： Program clustering Program analysis Quantitative reasoning

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Task Parallel Assembly language for Uncompromising Parallelism 2021

Task Parallel Assembly Language for Uncompromising Paralleli...

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42nd acm sigplan International conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Rainey, Mike Newton, Ryan R. Hale, Kyle Hardavellas, Nikos Campanoni, Simone Dinda, Peter Acar, Umut A. Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Facebook New York NY USA IIT Chicago IL 60616 USA Northwestern Univ Chicago IL 60611 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450383912

Achieving parallel performance and scalability involves making compromises between parallel and sequential computation. If not contained, the overheads of parallelism can easily outweigh its benefits, sometimes by orders of magnitude. Today, we expect programmers to implement this compromise by optimizing their code manually. This process is labor intensive, requires deep expertise, and reduces code quality. Recent work on heartbeat scheduling shows a promising approach that manifests the potentially vast amounts of available, latent parallelism, at a regular rate, based on even beats in time. The idea is to amortize the overheads of parallelism over the useful work performed between the beats. Heartbeat scheduling is promising in theory, but the reality is complicated: it has no known practical implementation. In this paper, we propose a practical approach to heartbeat scheduling that involves equipping the assembly language with a small set of primitives. These primitives leverage existing kernel and hardware support for interrupts to allow parallelism to remain latent, until a heartbeat, when it can be manifested with low cost. Our Task Parallel Assembly language (TPAL) is a compact, RISC-like assembly language. We specify TPAL through an abstract machine and implement the abstract machine as compiler transformations for C/C++ code and a specialized run-time system. We present an evaluation on both the Linux and the Nautilus kernels, considering a range of heartbeat interrupt mechanisms. The evaluation shows that TPAL can dramatically reduce the overheads of parallelism without compromising scalability.

关键词： parallel programming languages granularity control

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Type-preserving compilation of end-to-end verification of security enforcement 10

Type-preserving compilation of end-to-end verification of se...

引用

acm sigplan 2010 conference on programming language design and implementation, PLDI 2010

作者： Chen, Juan Chugh, Ravi Swamy, Nikhil Microsoft Research United States University of California San Diego CA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450300193

A number of programming languages use rich type systems to verify security properties of code. Some of these languages are meant for source programming, but programs written in these languages are compiled without explicit security proofs, limiting their utility in settings where proofs are necessary, e.g., proof-carrying authorization. Others languages do include explicit proofs, but these are generally lambda calculi not intended for source programming, that must be further compiled to an executable form. A language suitable for source programming backed by a compiler that enables end-to-end verification is missing. In this paper, we present a type-preserving compiler that translates programs written in FINE, a source-level functional language with dependent refinements and affine types, to DCIL, a new extension of the .NET Common Intermediate language. FINE is type checked using an external SMT solver to reduce the proof burden on source programmers. We extract explicit LCF-style proof terms from the solver and carry these proof terms in the compilation to DCIL, thereby removing the solver from the trusted computing base. Explicit proofs enable DCIL to be used in a number of important scenarios, including the verification of mobile code, proof-carrying authorization, and evidence-based auditing. We report on our experience using FINE to build reference monitors for several applications, ranging from a plugin-based email client to a conference management server. © 2010 acm.

关键词： Functional programming

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implementation of the Cilk-5 multithreaded language

Implementation of the Cilk-5 multithreaded language

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proceedings of the 1998 Annual acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation, PLDI

作者： Frigo, Matteo Leiserson, Charles E. Randall, Keith H. MIT Lab for Computer Science Cambridge MA United States

The fifth release of the multithreaded language Cilk uses a provably good `work-stealing' scheduling algorithm similar to the first system, but the language has been completely redesigned and the runtime system completely reengineered. The efficiency of the new implementation was aided by a clear strategy that arose from a theoretical analysis of the scheduling algorithm: concentrate on minimizing overheads that contribute to the work, even at the expense of overheads that contribute to the critical path. Although it may seem counterintuitive to move overheads onto the critical path, this `work-first' principle has led to a portable Cilk-5 implementation in which the typical cost of spawning a parallel thread is only between 2 and 6 times the cost of a C function call on a variety of contemporary machines. Many Cilk programs run on one processor with virtually no degradation compared to equivalent C programs. This paper describes how the work-first principle was exploited in the design of Cilk-5's compiler and its runtime system. In particular, we present Cilk-5's novel `two-clone' compilation strategy and its Dijkstra-like mutual-exclusion protocol for implementing the ready deque in the work-stealing scheduler.

关键词： Computer programming languages

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pHluid: The design of a parallel functional language implementation on workstations

pHluid: The design of a parallel functional language impleme...

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proceedings of the 1996 acm sigplan International conference on Functional programming, ICFP'96

作者： Flanagan, Cormac Nikhil, Rishiyur S. Rice Univ Houston United States

This paper describes the distributed memory implementation of a shared memory parallel functional language. The language is Id, an implicitly parallel, mostly functional language that is currently evolving into a dialect of Haskell. The target is a distributed memory machine, because we expect these to be the most widely available parallel platforms in the future. The difficult problem is to bridge the gap between the shared memory language model and the distributed memory machine model. The language model assumes that all data is uniformly accessible, whereas the machine has a severe memory hierarchy: a processor's access to remote memory (using explicit communication) is orders of magnitude slower than its access to local memory. Thus, avoiding communication is crucial for good performance. The Id language, and its general dataflow-inspired compilation to multithreaded code are described elsewhere. In this paper, we focus on our new parallel runtime system and its features for avoiding communication and for tolerating its latency when necessary: multithreading, scheduling and load balancing;the distributed heap model and distributed coherent cacheing, and parallel garbage collection. We have completed the first implementation, and we present some preliminary performance measurements.

关键词： Computer programming languages

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