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Occurrence Typing Modulo Theories 16

Occurrence Typing Modulo Theories

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37th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Kent, Andrew M. Kempe, David Tobin-Hochstadt, Sam Indiana Univ Bloomington IN 47405 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450342612

We present a new type system combining occurrence typing- a technique previously used to type check programs in dynamically-typed languages such as Racket, Clojure, and JavaScript-with dependent refinement types. We demonstrate that the addition of refinement types allows the integration of arbitrary solver-backed reasoning about logical propositions from external theories. By building on occurrence typing, we can add our enriched type system as a natural extension of Typed Racket, reusing its core while increasing its expressiveness. The result is a well-tested type system with a conservative, decidable core in which types may depend on a small but extensible set of program terms. In addition to describing our design, we present the following: a formal model and proof of correctness;a strategy for integrating new theories, with specific examples including linear arithmetic and bitvectors;and an evaluation in the context of the full Typed Racket implementation. Specifically, we take safe vector operations as a case study, examining all vector accesses in a 56,000 line corpus of Typed Racket programs. Our system is able to prove that 50% of these are safe with no new annotations, and with a few annotations and modifications we capture more than 70%.

关键词： languages design Verification Refinement types occurrence typing Racket

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Event-Driven Network programming 16

Event-Driven Network Programming

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37th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： McClurg, Jedidiah Hojjat, Hossein Foster, Nate Cerny, Pavol CU Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA Cornell Univ Ithaca NY 14853 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450342612

Software-defined networking (SDN) programs must simultaneously describe static forwarding behavior and dynamic updates in response to events. Event-driven updates are critical to get right, but difficult to implement correctly due to the high degree of concurrency in networks. Existing SDN platforms offer weak guarantees that can break application invariants, leading to problems such as dropped packets, degraded performance, security violations, etc. This paper introduces event-driven consistent updates that are guaranteed to preserve well-defined behaviors when transitioning between configurations in response to events. We propose network event structures (NESs) to model constraints on updates, such as which events can be enabled simultaneously and causal dependencies between events. We define an extension of the NetKAT language with mutable state, give semantics to stateful programs using NESs, and discuss provably-correct strategies for implementing NESs in SDNs. Finally, we evaluate our approach empirically, demonstrating that it gives well-defined consistency guarantees while avoiding expensive synchronization and packet buffering.

关键词： network update consistent update event structure software-defined networking SDN NetKAT

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A Web Application Is a Domain-Specific language

A Web Application Is a Domain-Specific Language

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acm sigplan International conference on Systems, programming, languages and Applications: Software for Humanity (SPLASH Companion)

作者： Lorenz, David H. Rosenan, Boaz Open Univ IL-43107 Raanana Israel Technion Israel Inst Technol IL-32000 Haifa Israel Univ Haifa IL-31905 Haifa Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781450344371

We introduce a correspondence between the design space of web applications and that of domain-specific languages (DSLs). We note that while most web applications today are implemented in ways that correspond to external DSLs, very little attention is given to implementation techniques corresponding to internal DSLs. We contribute a technique based on internal DSLs, and demonstrate a web application implemented with our technique.

关键词： Domain-specific language (DSL) Web application Von Neumann architecture

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Latte: A language, Compiler, and Runtime for Elegant and Efficient Deep Neural Networks 16

Latte: A Language, Compiler, and Runtime for Elegant and Eff...

引用

37th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Truong, Leonard Barik, Rajkishore Totoni, Ehsan Liu, Hai Markley, Chick Fox, Armando Shpeisman, Tatiana Univ Calif Berkeley Intel Labs Berkeley CA USA Intel Labs Berkeley CA USA Univ Calif Berkeley Berkeley CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450342612

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have undergone a surge in popularity with consistent advances in the state of the art for tasks including image recognition, natural language processing, and speech recognition. The computationally expensive nature of these networks has led to the proliferation of implementations that sacrifice abstraction for high performance. In this paper, we present Latte, a domain-specific language for DNNs that provides a natural abstraction for specifying new layers without sacrificing performance. Users of Latte express DNNs as ensembles of neurons with connections between them. The Latte compiler synthesizes a program based on the user specification, applies a suite of domain-specific and general optimizations, and emits efficient machine code for heterogeneous architectures. Latte also includes a communication runtime for distributed memory data-parallelism. Using networks described using Latte, we demonstrate 3-6x speedup over Caffe (C++/MKL) on the three state-of-the-art ImageNet models executing on an Intel Xeon E5-2699 v3 x86 CPU.

关键词： Deep Learning Neural Networks Domain Specific language Compiler Optimization

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GreenWeb: language Extensions for Energy-Efficient Mobile Web Computing 16

GreenWeb: Language Extensions for Energy-Efficient Mobile We...

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37th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Zhu, Yuhao Reddi, Vijay Janapa Univ Texas Austin Dept Elect & Comp Engn Austin TX 78712 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450342612

Web computing is gradually shifting toward mobile devices, in which the energy budget is severely constrained. As a result, Web developers must be conscious of energy efficiency. However, current Web languages provide developers little control over energy consumption. In this paper, we take a first step toward language-level research to enable energy-efficient Web computing. Our key motivation is that mobile systems can wisely budget energy usage if informed with user quality-of-service (QoS) constraints. To do this, programmers need new abstractions. We propose two language abstractions, QoS type and QoS target, to capture two fundamental aspects of user QoS experience. We then present Green Web, a set of language extensions that empower developers to easily express the QoS abstractions as program annotations. As a proof of concept, we develop a GreenWeb runtime, which intelligently determines how to deliver specified user QoS expectation while minimizing energy consumption. Overall, GreenWeb shows significant energy savings (29.2% similar to 66.0%) over Android's default Interactive governor with few QoS violations. Our work demonstrates a promising first step toward language innovations for energy-efficient Web computing.

关键词： Energy-efficiency Web Mobile computing

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LLVM Compiler implementation for explicit parallelization and SIMD vectorization 4

LLVM Compiler implementation for explicit parallelization an...

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4th Workshop on the LLVM Compiler Infrastructure in HPC, LLVM-HPC 2017 - Held in conjunction with the International conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis, SC 2017

作者： Tian, Xinmin Saito, Hideki Su, Ernesto Lin, Jin Guggilla, Satish Caballero, Diego Masten, Matt Savonichev, Andrew Rice, Michael Demikhovsky, Elena Zaks, Ayal Rapaport, Gil Gaba, Abhinav Porpodas, Vasileios Garcia, Eric Intel Corporation 3600 Juliette Lane Santa ClaraCA95054 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450355650

With advances of modern multi-core processors and accelerators, many modern applications are increasingly turning to compilerassisted parallel and vector programming models such as OpenMP, OpenCL, Halide, Python and TensorFlow. It is crucial to ensure that LLVM-based compilers can optimize parallel and vector code as effectively as possible. In this paper, we first present a set of updated LLVM IR extensions for explicitly parallel, vector, and offloading program constructs in the context of C/C++/OpenCL. Secondly, we describe our LLVM design and implementation for advanced features in OpenMP such as parallel loop reduction, task and taskloop, SIMD loop and functions, and we discuss the impact of our updated implementation on existing LLVM optimization passes. Finally, we present a re-use case of our infrastructure to enable explicit parallelization and vectorization extensions in our OpenCL compiler to achieve ~35x performance speedup for a wellknown autonomous driving workload on a multi-core platform configured with Intel(r) Xeon(r) Scalable Processors. © 2017 Association for Computing Machinery.

关键词： C++ (programming language)

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A design and Verification Methodology for Secure Isolated Regions 16

A Design and Verification Methodology for Secure Isolated Re...

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37th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Sinha, Rohit Costa, Manuel Lal, Akash Lopes, Nuno P. Rajamani, Sriram Seshia, Sanjit A. Vaswani, Kapil Univ Calif Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA Microsoft Res London England Microsoft Res Bengaluru Karnataka India

ISBN: (纸本)9781450342612

Hardware support for isolated execution (such as Intel SGX) enables development of applications that keep their code and data confidential even while running on a hostile or compromised host. However, automatically verifying that such applications satisfy confidentiality remains challenging. We present a methodology for designing such applications in a way that enables certifying their confidentiality. Our methodology consists of forcing the application to communicate with the external world through a narrow interface, compiling it with runtime checks that aid verification, and linking it with a small runtime library that implements the interface. The runtime library includes core services such as secure communication channels and memory management. We formalize this restriction on the application as Information Release Confinement (IRC), and we show that it allows us to decompose the task of proving confidentiality into (a) one-time, human-assisted functional verification of the runtime to ensure that it does not leak secrets, (b) automatic verification of the application's machine code to ensure that it satisfies IRC and does not directly read or corrupt the runtime's internal state. We present/CONFIDENTIAL: a verifier for IRC that is modular, automatic, and keeps our compiler out of the trusted computing base. Our evaluation suggests that the methodology scales to real-world applications.

关键词： Enclave Programs Secure Computation Confidentiality Formal Verification

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End-to-End Verification of Information-Flow Security for C and Assembly Programs 16

End-to-End Verification of Information-Flow Security for C a...

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37th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Costanzo, David Shao, Zhong Gu, Ronghui Yale Univ New Haven CT 06520 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450342612

Protecting the confidentiality of information manipulated by a computing system is one of the most important challenges facing today's cybersecurity community. A promising step toward conquering this challenge is to formally verify that the end-to-end behavior of the computing system really satisfies various information-flow policies. Unfortunately, because today's system software still consists of both C and assembly programs, the end-to-end verification necessarily requires that we not only prove the security properties of individual components, but also carefully preserve these properties through compilation and cross-language linking. In this paper, we present a novel methodology for formally verifying end-to-end security of a software system that consists of both C and assembly programs. We introduce a general definition of observation function that unifies the concepts of policy specification, state indistinguishability, and whole-execution behaviors. We show how to use different observation functions for different levels of abstraction, and how to link different security proofs across abstraction levels using a special kind of simulation that is guaranteed to preserve state indistinguishability. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our new methodology, we have successfully constructed an end-to-end security proof, fully formalized in the Coq proof assistant, of a nontrivial operating system kernel (running on an extended CompCert x86 assembly machine model). Some parts of the kernel are written in C and some are written in assembly;we verify all of the code, regardless of language.

关键词： Verification Security Reliability languages design Information Flow Control Security Policy Specification Security-Preserving Simulation Program Verification Certified OS Kernels

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Input Responsiveness: Using Canary Inputs to Dynamically Steer Approximation 16

Input Responsiveness: Using Canary Inputs to Dynamically Ste...

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37th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Laurenzano, Michael A. Hill, Parker Samadi, Mehrzad Mahlke, Scott Mars, Jason Tang, Lingjia Univ Michigan Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450342612

This paper introduces Input Responsive Approximation ( IRA), an approach that uses a canary input - a small program input carefully constructed to capture the intrinsic properties of the original input - to automatically control how program approximation is applied on an input-by-input basis. Motivating this approach is the observation that many of the prior techniques focusing on choosing how to approximate arrive at conservative decisions by discounting substantial differences between inputs when applying approximation. The main challenges in overcoming this limitation lie in making the choice of how to approximate both effectively (e.g., the fastest approximation that meets a particular accuracy target) and rapidly for every input. With IRA, each time the approximate program is run, a canary input is constructed and used dynamically to quickly test a spectrum of approximation alternatives. Based on these runtime tests, the approximation that best fits the desired accuracy constraints is selected and applied to the full input to produce an approximate result. We use IRA to select and parameterize mixes of four approximation techniques from the literature for a range of 13 image processing, machine learning, and data mining applications. Our results demonstrate that IRA significantly outperforms prior approaches, delivering an average of 10.2x speedup over exact execution while minimizing accuracy losses in program outputs.

关键词： Performance Runtime Systems Compilers Approximate Computing Performance Experimentation design

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Toward Compositional Verification of Interruptible OS Kernels and Device Drivers 16

Toward Compositional Verification of Interruptible OS Kernel...

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37th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Chen, Hao Wu, Xiongnan (Newman) Shao, Zhong Lockerman, Joshua Gu, Ronghui Univ Elect Sci & Technol China UESTC Chengdu Peoples R China Yale Univ New Haven CT 06520 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450342612

An operating system (OS) kernel forms the lowest level of any system software stack. The correctness of the OS kernel is the basis for the correctness of the entire system. Recent efforts have demonstrated the feasibility of building formally verified general-purpose kernels, but it is unclear how to extend their work to verify the functional correctness of device drivers, due to the non-local effects of interrupts. In this paper, we present a novel compositional framework for building certified interruptible OS kernels with device drivers. We provide a general device model that can be instantiated with various hardware devices, and a realistic formal model of interrupts, which can be used to reason about interruptible code. We have realized this framework in the Coq proof assistant. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our new approach, we have successfully extended an existing verified non-interruptible kernel with our framework and turned it into an interruptible kernel with verified device drivers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first verified interruptible operating system with device drivers.

关键词： Verification Reliability Security languages design Program Verification Certified OS Kernels Interrupts Device Drivers Abstraction Layer Modularity

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