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Maximal Sound Predictive Race Detection with Control Flow Abstraction 14

Maximal Sound Predictive Race Detection with Control Flow Ab...

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35th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Huang, Jeff Meredith, Patrick O'Neil Rosu, Grigore Univ Illinois Dept Comp Sci Urbana IL 61801 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450327848

Despite the numerous static and dynamic program analysis techniques in the literature, data races remain one of the most common bugs in modern concurrent software. Further, the techniques that do exist either have limited detection capability or are unsound, meaning that they report false positives. We present a sound race detection technique that achieves a provably higher detection capability than existing sound techniques. A key insight of our technique is the inclusion of abstracted control flow information into the execution model, which increases the space of the causal model permitted by classical happens-before or causally-precedes based detectors. By encoding the control flow and a minimal set of feasibility constraints as a group of first-order logic formulae, we formulate race detection as a constraint solving problem. Moreover, we formally prove that our formulation achieves the maximal possible detection capability for any sound dynamic race detector with respect to the same input trace under the sequential consistency memory model. We demonstrate via extensive experimentation that our technique detects more races than the other state-of-the-art sound race detection techniques, and that it is scalable to executions of real world concurrent applications with tens of millions of critical events. These experiments also revealed several previously unknown races in real systems (e. g., Eclipse) that have been confirmed or fixed by the developers. Our tool is also adopted by Eclipse developers.

关键词： Algorithms design Theory Maximal Sound Data Race Prediction Control Flow

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Compiling a subset of apl into a typed intermediate language∗ 1

Compiling a subset of apl into a typed intermediate language...

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1st acm sigplan International Workshop on Libraries, languages and Compilers for Array programming, ARRAY 2014 - Part of PLDI 2014

作者： Elsman, Martin Dybdal, Martin Department of Computer Science University of Copenhagen Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9781450329378

We present a compiler and a typed intermediate language for a subset of APL. The intermediate language treats all numeric data as multi-dimensional arrays and the type system makes explicit the ranks of arrays. Primitive operators are polymorphic in rank and in the type of the underlying data operated on. The frontend of the APL compiler deals with much of the gory details of the APL language, including infix resolution, resolution of identity items for reduce operations, resolution of default element values for empty arrays, scalar extensions, and resolution of certain kinds of overloading. We demonstrate the usefulness of the intermediate language by showing that it can be compiled efficiently, using known techniques, such as delayed arrays, into a C-like language. We also demonstrate that the language is sufficiently expressive that some primitive operators, such as APL's inner product operator, which works on arrays of arbitrary dimensions, can be compiled using more primitive operators.. Copyright © 2014 acm 978-1-4503-2937-8/14/06. 15.00.

关键词： Calculations

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Typed Lua: An optional type system for Lua

Typed Lua: An optional type system for Lua

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8th Workshop on Dynamic languages and Applications, Dyla 2014, with PLDI 2014

作者： Maidl, André Murbach Mascarenhas, Fabio Ierusalimschy, Roberto PUC-Rio Rio de Janeiro Brazil UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781450329163

Dynamically typed languages trade flexibility and ease of use for safety, while statically typed languages prioritize the early detection of bugs, and provide a better framework for structure large programs. The idea of optional typing is to combine the two approaches in the same language: the programmer can begin development with dynamic types, and migrate to static types as the program matures. The challenge is designing a type system that feels natural to the programmer that is used to programming in a dynamic language. This paper presents the initial design of Typed Lua, an optionally-typed extension of the Lua scripting language. Lua is an imperative scripting language with first class functions and lightweight metaprogramming mechanisms. The design of Typed Lua's type system has a novel combination of features that preserves some of the idioms that Lua programmers are used to, while bringing static type safety to them. We show how the major features of the type system type these idioms with some examples, and discuss some of the design issues we faced. © 2014 acm.

关键词： gradual typing Lua programming language optional typing type systems

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Surgical Precision JIT Compilers 14

Surgical Precision JIT Compilers

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35th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Rompf, Tiark Sujeeth, Arvind K. Brown, Kevin J. Lee, HyoukJoong Chafi, Hassan Olukotun, Kunle EPFL Zurich Switzerland Stanford Univ Stanford CA 94305 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450327848

Just-in-time (JIT) compilation of running programs provides more optimization opportunities than offline compilation. Modern JIT compilers, such as those in virtual machines like Oracle's HotSpot for Java or Google's V8 for JavaScript, rely on dynamic profiling as their key mechanism to guide optimizations. While these JIT compilers offer good average performance, their behavior is a black box and the achieved performance is highly unpredictable. In this paper, we propose to turn JIT compilation into a precision tool by adding two essential and generic metaprogramming facilities: First, allow programs to invoke JIT compilation explicitly. This enables controlled specialization of arbitrary code at run-time, in the style of partial evaluation. It also enables the JIT compiler to report warnings and errors to the program when it is unable to compile a code path in the demanded way. Second, allow the JIT compiler to call back into the program to perform compile-time computation. This lets the program itself define the translation strategy for certain constructs on the fly and gives rise to a powerful JIT macro facility that enables "smart" libraries to supply domain-specific compiler optimizations or safety checks. We present Lancet, a JIT compiler framework for Java bytecode that enables such a tight, two-way integration with the running program. Lancet itself was derived from a high-level Java bytecode interpreter: staging the interpreter using LMS (Lightweight Modular Staging) produced a simple bytecode compiler. Adding abstract interpretation turned the simple compiler into an optimizing compiler. This fact provides compelling evidence for the scalability of the staged-interpreter approach to compiler construction. In the case of Lancet, JIT macros also provide a natural interface to existing LMS-based toolchains such as the Delite parallelism and DSL framework, which can now serve as accelerator macros for arbitrary JVM bytecode.

关键词： design languages Performance JIT Compilation Staging Program Generation

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i3QL: language-Integrated Live Data Views 14

i3QL: Language-Integrated Live Data Views

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2014 acm International conference on Object-Oriented-programming-Systems-languages-and-Applications (OOPSLA 14)

作者： Mitschke, Ralf Erdweg, Sebastian Koehler, Mirko Mezini, Mira Salvaneschi, Guido Tech Univ Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany Univ Lancaster Lancaster LA1 4YW England

ISBN: (纸本)9781450325851

An incremental computation updates its result based on a change to its input, which is often an order of magnitude faster than a recomputation from scratch. In particular, incrementalization can make expensive computations feasible for settings that require short feedback cycles, such as interactive systems, IDEs, or (soft) real-time systems. This paper presents i3QL, a general-purpose programming language for specifying incremental computations. i3QL provides a declarative SQL-like syntax and is based on incremental versions of operators from relational algebra, enriched with support for general recursion. We integrated i3QL into Scala as a library, which enables programmers to use regular Scala code for non-incremental subcomputations of an i3QL query and to easily integrate incremental computations into larger software projects. To improve performance, i3QL optimizes user-defined queries by applying algebraic laws and partial evaluation. We describe the design and implementation of i3QL and its optimizations, demonstrate its applicability, and evaluate its performance.

关键词： Incremental Computation Scala Reactive programming

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Exploiting implicit parallelism in dynamic array programming languages 1

Exploiting implicit parallelism in dynamic array programming...

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1st acm sigplan International Workshop on Libraries, languages and Compilers for Array programming, ARRAY 2014 - Part of PLDI 2014

作者： Imam, Shams Sarkar, Vivek Leibs, David Kessler, Peter B. Rice University United States Oracle Labs United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450329378

We have built an interpreter for the array programming language J. The interpreter exploits implicit data parallelism in the language to achieve good parallel speedups on a variety of benchmark applications. Many array programming languages operate on entire arrays without the need to write loops. Writing without loops simplifies the programs. Array programs without loops allow an interpreter to parallelize the execution of the code without complex analysis or input from the programmer. The J programming language includes the usual idioms of operations on arrays of the same size and shape, where the operations can often be performed in parallel for each individual item of the operands. Another opportunity comes from Js reduction operations, where suitable operations can be performed in parallel for all the items of an operand. J has a notion of verb rank, which allows programmers to simplify programs by declaring how operations are applied to operands. The verb rank mechanism allows us to extract further parallelism. Our implementation of an implicitly parallelizing interpreter for J is written entirely in Java. We have written the interpreter in a framework that produces native code for the interpreter, giving good scalar performance. The interpreter itself is responsible for exploiting the parallelism available in the applications. Our results show we attain good parallel speed-up on a variety of benchmarks, including near perfect linear speed-up on inherently parallel benchmarks. We believe that the lessons learned from our approach to exploiting data parallelism in an interpreter can be applied to other interpreted languages as we. Copyright © 2014 acm 978-1-4503-2937-8/14/06. 15.00.

关键词： Program interpreters

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Co-dfns: Ancient language, modern compiler 1

Co-dfns: Ancient language, modern compiler

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1st acm sigplan International Workshop on Libraries, languages and Compilers for Array programming, ARRAY 2014 - Part of PLDI 2014

作者： Hsu, Aaron W. Indiana University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450329378

The APL language allows subject matter experts with no computer science experience to create large and complex software implementations of ideas without excessive software engineering and external development costs. The rapid increase in data sizes challenges existing APL systems, which are all interpreters, to scale with the domain expert's problem size. The Co-dfns project, currently in early development stages, focuses on delivering new language innovations and a high-performance compiler for modern APL that enables domain experts to scale their ideas to their data using modern hardware architectures. The Co-dfns language provides concise primitives that allow domain experts to utilize concurrency and explicit task parallelism in their code. The compiler addresses critical performance bottlenecks of the Dyalog APL interpreter, while maintaining strong integration and compatibility with existing APL workflows. Co-dfns will allow domain experts to scale their code more successfully without requiring them to rewrite critical portions of their code in other languages. Early benchmarking efforts indicate that even naive and unoptimized versions of the Co-dfns compiler compete well with Dyalog on code that naturally lends itself to APL.. Copyright © 2014 acm 978-1-4503-2937-8/14/06. 15.00.

关键词： Cost engineering

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Array operators using multiple dispatch a design methodology for array implementations in dynamic languages 1

Array operators using multiple dispatch a design methodology...

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1st acm sigplan International Workshop on Libraries, languages and Compilers for Array programming, ARRAY 2014 - Part of PLDI 2014

作者： Bezanson, Jeff Chen, Jiahao Karpinski, Stefan Shah, Viral Edelman, Alan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450329378

Arrays are such a rich and fundamental data type that they tend to be built into a language, either in the compiler or in a large lowlevel library. Defining this functionality at the user level instead provides greater flexibility for application domains not envisioned by the language designer. Only a few languages, such as C++ and Haskell, provide the necessary power to define n-dimensional arrays, but these systems rely on compile-time abstraction, sacrificing some flexibility. In contrast, dynamic languages make it straightforward for the user to define any behavior they might want, but at the possible expense of performance. As part of the Julia language project, we have developed an approach that yields a novel trade-off between flexibility and compiletime analysis. The core abstraction we use is multiple dispatch. We have come to believe that while multiple dispatch has not been especially popular in most kinds of programming, technical computing is its killer application. By expressing key functions such as array indexing using multi-method signatures, a surprising range of behaviors can be obtained, in a way that is both relatively easy to write and amenable to compiler analysis. The compact factoring of concerns provided by these methods makes it easier for userdefined types to behave consistently with types in the standard library.. Copyright © 2014 acm 978-1-4503-2937-8/14/06. 15.00.

关键词： Static analysis

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Babelsberg/JS A Browser-Based implementation of an Object Constraint language

Babelsberg/JS A Browser-Based Implementation of an Object Co...

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28th European conference on Object-Oriented programming (ECOOP)

作者： Felgentreff, Tim Borning, Alan Hirschfeld, Robert Lincke, Jens Ohshima, Yoshiki Freudenberg, Bert Krahn, Robert Univ Potsdam Hasso Plattner Inst Potsdam Germany Univ Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Viewpoints Res Inst Los Angeles CA USA SAP Labs Commun Design Grp San Francisco CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783662442029;9783662442012

Constraints provide a useful technique for ensuring that desired properties hold in an application. As a result, they have been used in a wide range of applications, including graphical layout, simulation, scheduling, and problem-solving. We describe the design and implementation of an Object Constraint programming language, an object-oriented language that cleanly integrates constraints with the underlying language in a way that respects encapsulation and standard object-oriented programming techniques, and that runs in browser-based applications. Prior work on Object Constraint programming languages has relied on modifying the underlying Virtual Machine, but that is not an option for web-based applications, which have become increasingly prominent. In this paper, we present an approach to implementing Object Constraint programming without Virtual Machine support, along with an implementation as a JavaScript extension. We demonstrate the resulting language, Babelsberg/JS, on a number of applications and provide performance measurements. Programs without constraints in Babelsberg/JS run at the same speed as pure JavaScript versions, while programs that do have constraints can still be run efficiently. Our design and implementation also incorporate incremental re-solving to support interaction, as well as a cooperating solvers architecture that allows multiple solvers to work together to solve more difficult problems.

关键词： Constraints Object Constraint programming

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NOVA: A functional language for data parallelism 1

NOVA: A functional language for data parallelism

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1st acm sigplan International Workshop on Libraries, languages and Compilers for Array programming, ARRAY 2014 - Part of PLDI 2014

作者： Collins, Alexander Grewe, Dominik Grover, Vinod Lee, Sean Susnea, Adriana University of Edinburgh United Kingdom NVIDIA Corporation United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781450329378

Functional languages provide a solid foundation on which complex optimization passes can be designed to exploit parallelism available in the underlying system. Their mathematical foundations enable high-level optimizations that would be impossible in traditional imperative languages. This makes them uniquely suited for generation of efficient target code for parallel systems, such as multiple Central Processing Units (CPUs) or highly data-parallel Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). Such systems are becoming the mainstream for scientific and commodity desktop computing. Writing performance portable code for such systems using lowlevel languages requires significant effort from a human expert. This paper presents NOVA, a functional language and compiler for multi-core CPUs and GPUs. The NOVA language is a polymorphic, statically-typed functional language with a suite of higher-order functions which are used to express parallelism. These include map, reduce and scan. The NOVA compiler is a light-weight, yet powerful, optimizing compiler. It generates code for a variety of target platforms that achieve performance comparable to competing languages and tools, including hand-optimized code. The NOVA compiler is stand-Alone and can be easily used as a target for higher-level or domain specific languages or embedded in other applications. We evaluate NOVA against two competing approaches: the Thrust library and hand-written CUDA C. NOVA achieves comparable performance to these approaches across a range of benchmarks. NOVA-generated code also scales linearly with the number of processor cores across all compute-bound benchmarks.. Copyright © 2014 acm 978-1-4503-2937-8/14/06. 15.00.

关键词： Functional programming

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