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Cross-Layer Memory Management for Managed language Applications

acm sigplan NOTICES 2015年第10期50卷 488-504页

作者： Jantz, Michael R. Robinson, Forrest J. Kulkarni, Prasad A. Doshi, Kshitij A. Univ Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA Univ Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA Intel Corp Santa Clara CA 95051 USA

Performance and energy efficiency in memory have become critically important for a wide range of computing domains. However, it is difficult to control and optimize memory power and performance because these effects depend upon activity across multiple layers of the vertical execution stack. To address this challenge, we construct a novel and collaborative framework that employs object placement, cross-layer communication, and page-level management to effectively distribute application objects in the DRAM hardware to achieve desired power/performance goals. In this work, we describe the design and implementation of our framework, which is the first to integrate automatic object profiling and analysis at the application layer with fine-grained management of memory hardware resources in the operating system. We demonstrate the utility of our framework by employing it to more effectively control memory power consumption. We design a custom memory-intensive workload to show the potential of our approach. Next, we develop sampling and profiling-based analyses and modify the code generator in the HotSpot VM to understand object usage patterns and automatically determine and control the placement of hot and cold objects in a partitioned VM heap. This information is communicated to the operating system, which uses it to map the logical application pages to the appropriate DRAM ranks according to user-defined provisioning goals. We evaluate our framework and find that it achieves our test goal of significant DRAM energy savings across a variety of workloads, without any source code modifications or recompilations.

关键词： design Experimentation Performance Cross-layer Power Efficiency DRAM HotSpot

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PLDI'12 - proceedings of the 2012 acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

PLDI'12 - Proceedings of the 2012 ACM SIGPLAN Conference on ...

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33rd acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation, PLDI'12

ISBN: (纸本)9781450312059

The proceedings contain 48 papers. The topics discussed include: adaptive input-aware compilation for graphics engines;and then there were none: a stall-free real-time garbage collector for reconfigurable hardware;the implicit calculus: a new foundation for generic programming;deterministic parallelism via liquid effects;speculative linearizability;understanding and detecting real-world performance bugs;input-sensitive profiling;language-based control and mitigation of timing channels;Diderot: a parallel DSL for image analysis and visualization;synthesising graphics card programs from DSLs;Parcae: a system for flexible parallel execution;JANUS: exploiting parallelism via hindsight;reagents: expressing and composing fine-grained concurrency;and proving acceptability properties of relaxed nondeterministic approximate programs.

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Getting F-Bounded Polymorphism into Shape 14

Getting F-Bounded Polymorphism into Shape

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35th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Greenman, Ben Muehlboeck, Fabian Tate, Ross Cornell Univ Ithaca NY 14853 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450327848

We present a way to restrict recursive inheritance without sacrificing the benefits of F-bounded polymorphism. In particular, we distinguish two new concepts, materials and shapes, and demonstrate through a survey of 13.5 million lines of open-source generic-Java code that these two concepts never actually overlap in practice. With this Material-Shape Separation, we prove that even naive type-checking algorithms are sound and complete, some of which address problems that were unsolvable even under the existing proposals for restricting inheritance. We illustrate how the simplicity of our design reflects the design intuitions employed by programmers and potentially enables new features coming into demand for upcoming programming languages.

关键词： Algorithms design languages Materials Shapes Separation Subtyping F-Bounded Polymorphism Variance Decidability Joins Higher-Kinded Types

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Code Completion with Statistical language Models 14

Code Completion with Statistical Language Models

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35th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Raychev, Veselin Vechev, Martin Yahav, Eran Swiss Fed Inst Technol Zurich Switzerland Technion Haifa Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781450327848

We address the problem of synthesizing code completions for programs using APIs. Given a program with holes, we synthesize completions for holes with the most likely sequences of method calls. Our main idea is to reduce the problem of code completion to a natural-language processing problem of predicting probabilities of sentences. We design a simple and scalable static analysis that extracts sequences of method calls from a large codebase, and index these into a statistical language model. We then employ the language model to find the highest ranked sentences, and use them to synthesize a code completion. Our approach is able to synthesize sequences of calls across multiple objects together with their arguments. Experiments show that our approach is fast and effective. Virtually all computed completions typecheck, and the desired completion appears in the top 3 results in 90% of the cases.

关键词： Static analysis

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Resugaring: Lifting Evaluation Sequences through Syntactic Sugar 14

Resugaring: Lifting Evaluation Sequences through Syntactic S...

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35th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Pombrio, Justin Krishnamurthi, Shriram Brown Univ Providence RI 02912 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450327848

Syntactic sugar is pervasive in language technology. It is used to shrink the size of a core language;to define domain-specific languages;and even to let programmers extend their language. Unfortunately, syntactic sugar is eliminated by transformation, so the resulting programs become unfamiliar to authors. Thus, it comes at a price: it obscures the relationship between the user's source program and the program being evaluated. We address this problem by showing how to compute reduction steps in terms of the surface syntax. Each step in the surface language emulates one or more steps in the core language. The computed steps hide the transformation, thus maintaining the abstraction provided by the surface language. We make these statements about emulation and abstraction precise, prove that they hold in our formalism, and verify part of the system in Coq. We have implemented this work and applied it to three very different languages.

关键词： programming languages Syntactic Sugar Macros Evaluation Debugging Resugaring

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Dynamic Enforcement of Determinism in a Parallel Scripting language 14

Dynamic Enforcement of Determinism in a Parallel Scripting L...

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35th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Lu, Li Ji, Weixing Scott, Michael L. Univ Rochester Rochester NY 14627 USA Beijing Inst Technol Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450327848

Determinism is an appealing property for parallel programs, as it simplifies understanding, reasoning and debugging. It is particularly appealing in dynamic (scripting) languages, where ease of programming is a dominant design goal. Some existing parallel languages use the type system to enforce determinism statically, but this is not generally practical for dynamic languages. In this paper, we describe how determinism can be obtained-and dynamically enforced/verified-for appropriate extensions to a parallel scripting language. Specifically, we introduce the constructs of Deterministic Parallel Ruby (DPR), together with a run-time system (TARDIS) that verifies properties required for determinism, including correct usage of reductions and commutative operators, and the mutual independence (data-race freedom) of concurrent tasks. Experimental results confirm that DPR can provide scalable performance on multicore machines and that the overhead of TARDIS is low enough for practical testing. In particular, TARDIS significantly outperforms alternative data-race detectors with comparable functionality. We conclude with a discussion of future directions in the dynamic enforcement of determinism.

关键词： design languages Reliability Determinism deterministic parallelism data races scripting language

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FAST: a Transducer-Based language for Tree Manipulation 14

FAST: a Transducer-Based Language for Tree Manipulation

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35th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： D'Antoni, Loris Veanes, Margus Livshits, Benjamin Molnar, David Univ Penn Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450327848

Tree automata and tree transducers are used in a wide range of applications in software engineering, from XML processing to language type-checking. While these formalisms are of immense practical use, they can only model finite alphabets, and since many real-world applications operate over in finite domains such as integers, this is often a limitation. To overcome this problem we augment tree automata and transducers with symbolic alphabets represented as parametric theories. Admitting in finite alphabets makes these models more general and succinct than their classical counterparts. Despite this, we show how the main operations, such as composition and language equivalence, remain computable given a decision procedure for the alphabet theory. We introduce a high-level language called Fast that acts as a front-end for the above formalisms. Fast supports symbolic alphabets through tight integration with state-of-the art satisfiability modulo theory (SMT) solvers. We demonstrate our techniques on practical case studies, covering a wide range of applications.

关键词： Symbolic Tree Transducers FAST

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First-class Runtime Generation of High-performance Types using Exotypes 14

First-class Runtime Generation of High-performance Types usi...

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35th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： DeVito, Zachary Ritchie, Daniel Fisher, Matt Aiken, Alex Hanrahan, Pat Stanford Univ Stanford CA 94305 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450327848

We introduce exotypes, user-defined types that combine the flexibility of meta-object protocols in dynamically-typed languages with the performance control of low-level languages. Like objects in dynamic languages, exotypes are defined programmatically at runtime, allowing behavior based on external data such as a database schema. To achieve high performance, we use staged programming to define the behavior of an exotype during a runtime compilation step and implement exotypes in Terra, a low-level staged programming language. We show how exotype constructors compose, and use exotypes to implement high-performance libraries for serialization, dynamic assembly, automatic differentiation, and probabilistic programming. Each exotype achieves expressiveness similar to libraries written in dynamically-typed languages but implements optimizations that exceed the performance of existing libraries written in low-level statically-typed languages. Though each implementation is significantly shorter, our serialization library is 11 times faster than Kryo, and our dynamic assembler is 3-20 times faster than Google's Chrome assembler.

关键词： design Performance Lua Staged computation DSL

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A Lightweight Symbolic Virtual Machine for Solver-Aided Host languages 14

A Lightweight Symbolic Virtual Machine for Solver-Aided Host...

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35th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Torlak, Emina Bodik, Rastislav Univ Calif Berkeley Berkeley CA 94608 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450327848

Solver-aided domain-specific languages (SDSLs) are an emerging class of computer-aided programming systems. They ease the construction of programs by using satisfiability solvers to automate tasks such as verification, debugging, synthesis, and non-deterministic execution. But reducing programming tasks to satisfiability problems involves translating programs to logical constraints, which is an engineering challenge even for domain-specific languages. We have previously shown that translation to constraints can be avoided if SDSLs are implemented by (traditional) embedding into a host language that is itself solver-aided. This paper describes how to implement a symbolic virtual machine (SVM) for such a host language. Our symbolic virtual machine is lightweight because it compiles to constraints only a small subset of the host's constructs, while allowing SDSL designers to use the entire language, including constructs for DSL embedding. This lightweight compilation employs a novel symbolic execution technique with two key properties: it produces compact encodings, and it enables concrete evaluation to strip away host constructs that are outside the subset compilable to constraints. Our symbolic virtual machine architecture is at the heart of ROSETTE, a solver-aided language that is host to several new SDSLs.

关键词： design languages Solver-Aided languages Symbolic Virtual Machine

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Supporting array programming in X10 1

Supporting array programming in X10

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1st acm sigplan International Workshop on Libraries, languages and Compilers for Array programming, ARRAY 2014 - Part of PLDI 2014

作者： Grove, David Milthorpe, Josh Tardieu, Olivier IBM Research Australia Australian National University Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781450329378

Effective support for array-based programming has long been one of the central design concerns of the X10 programming language. After significant research and exploration, X10 has adopted an approach based on providing arrays via user definable and extensible class libraries. This paper surveys the range of array abstractions available to the programmer in X10 2.4 and describes the key language features and language implementation techniques necessary to make efficient and productive implementations of these abstractions possible.. Copyright © 2014 acm 978-1-4503-2937-8/14/06. 15.00.

关键词： Abstracting

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