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conference on Object Oriented programming Systems, languages and Applications/SPLASH 2010

作者： Bebenita, Michael Brandner, Florian Fahndrich, Manuel Logozzo, Francesco Schulte, Wolfram Tillmann, Nikolai Venter, Herman Microsoft Research Redmond WA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450302036

Tracing just-in-time compilers (TJITs) determine frequently executed traces (hot paths and loops) in running programs and focus their optimization effort by emitting optimized machine code specialized to these traces. Prior work has established this strategy to be especially beneficial for dynamic languages such as JavaScript, where the TJIT interfaces with the interpreter and produces machine code from the JavaScript trace. This direct coupling with a JavaScript interpreter makes it difficult to harness the power of a TJIT for other components that are not written in JavaScript, e. g., the DOM implementation or the layout engine inside a browser. Furthermore, if a TJIT is tied to a particular high-level language interpreter, it is difficult to reuse it for other input languages as the optimizations are likely targeted at specific idioms of the source language. To address these issues, we designed and implemented a TJIT for Microsoft's Common Intermediate language CIL (the target language of C#, VisualBasic, F#, and many other languages). Working on CIL enables TJIT optimizations for any program compiled to this platform. In addition, to validate that the performance gains of a TJIT for JavaScript do not depend on specific idioms of JavaScript that are lost in the translation to CIL, we provide a performance evaluation of our JavaScript runtime which translates JavaScript to CIL and then runs on top of our CIL TJIT.

关键词： design languages Performance dynamic compilation tracing just-in-time CIL JavaScript

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Implicitly threaded parallelism in Manticore

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JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL programming 2010年第5-6期20卷 537-576页

作者： Fluet, Matthew Rainey, Mike Reppy, John Shaw, Adam Rochester Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci Rochester NY 14623 USA Univ Chicago Dept Comp Sci Chicago IL 60637 USA Toyota Technol Inst Chicago IL USA

The increasing availability of commodity multicore processors is making parallel computing ever more widespread. In order to exploit its potential, programmers need languages that make the benefits of parallelism accessible and understandable. Previous parallel languages have traditionally been intended for large-scale scientific computing, and they tend not to be well suited to programming the applications one typically finds on a desktop system. Thus, we need new parallel-language designs that address a broader spectrum of applications. The Manticore project is our effort to address this need. At its core is Parallel ML, a high-level functional language for programming parallel applications on commodity multicore hardware. Parallel ML provides a diverse collection of parallel constructs for different granularities of work. In this paper, we focus on the implicitly threaded parallel constructs of the language, which support fine-grained parallelism. We concentrate on those elements that distinguish our design from related ones, namely, a novel parallel binding form, a nondeterministic parallel case form, and the treatment of exceptions in the presence of data parallelism. These features differentiate the present work from related work on functional data-parallel language designs, which have focused largely on parallel problems with regular structure and the compiler transformations-most notably, flattening-that make such designs feasible. We present detailed examples utilizing various mechanisms of the language and give a formal description of our implementation.

关键词： Multi-core processors Parallel Lines Synclitism data parallel THREADED parallelism Spectra applications language Parallel languages

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Hera-JVM: A Runtime System for Heterogeneous Multi-Core Architectures 10

Hera-JVM: A Runtime System for Heterogeneous Multi-Core Arch...

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conference on Object Oriented programming Systems, languages and Applications/SPLASH 2010

作者： McIlroy, Ross Sventek, Joe Microsoft Res Cambridge Cambridge England Univ Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ Lanark Scotland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450302036

Heterogeneous multi-core processors, such as the IBM Cell processor, can deliver high performance. However, these processors are notoriously difficult to program: different cores support different instruction set architectures, and the processor as a whole does not provide coherence between the different cores' local memories. We present Hera-JVM, an implementation of the Java Virtual Machine which operates over the Cell processor, thereby making this platforms more readily accessible to mainstream developers. Hera-JVM supports the full Java language;threads from an unmodified Java application can be simultaneously executed on both the main PowerPC-based core and on the additional SPE accelerator cores. Migration of threads between these cores is transparent from the point of view of the application, requiring no modification to Java source code or bytecode. Hera-JVM supports the existing Java Memory Model, even though the underlying hardware does not provide cache coherence between the different core types. We examine Hera-JVM's performance under a series of real-world Java benchmarks from the SpecJVM, Java Grande and Dacapo benchmark suites. These benchmarks show a wide variation in relative performance on the different core types of the Cell processor, depending upon the nature of their workload. Execution of these benchmarks on Hera-JVM can achieve speedups of up to 2.25x by using one of the Cell processor's SPE accelerator cores, compared to execution on the main PowerPC-based core. When all six SPE cores are exploited, parallel workloads can achieve speedups of up to 13x compared to execution on the single PowerPC core.

关键词： design languages Performances

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design principles for internal domain-specific languages: A pattern catalog illustrated by Ruby 10

Design principles for internal domain-specific languages: A ...

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17th conference on Pattern languages of Programs, PLoP 2010

作者： Günther, Sebastian Cleenewerck, Thomas School of Computer Science University of Magdeburg Germany Software Language Engineering Lab Vrije Universiteit Brussel Belgium Universitätsplatz 2 D-39106 Magdeburg Germany Vrije Universiteit Brussel Faculty of Sciences DINF - SOFT Pleinlaan 2 B-1050 Brussels Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9781450301077

Some programming languages, especially dynamic programming languages, offer suitable mechanisms for the construction of internal domain-specific languages (DSL). Internal DSLs inherit the facilities of their host language such as the availability of libraries, frameworks, tool support, and other DSLs. When developing an internal DSL, there are two challenges. First, to cope with the host language's syntactic and semantic restrictions. Careful and thoughtful extensions and modifications of the host language are crucial to overcome these restrictions without reverting to poor language design. Second, to support several design principles that are genuine for a DSL. Although there is an extensive body of knowledge about DSL design principles and desirable quality properties, it remains difficult to apply them, or to reason about whether a particular DSL exhibits specific desirable principles. Our objective is to put the two perspectives together. We research the most important design principles of a DSL and show how different patterns can be used to support these principles. This allows us to produce an extensive pattern catalog which is the foundation of principled approach for designing internal DSLs. The patterns can be used to assess the design quality of a DSL and structure its implementation. In particular, we show a complex DSL example illustrating each principle and the corresponding patterns. While we stick to Ruby for the explanation and application of the patterns, we also name known uses in Python, Scala, and Smalltalk. Patterns are explained with their context, problem, forces, solution, and consequences. We also explain the patterns with the classical structure of intent, motivation, forces, implementation and their consequences. Finally we reflect upon the pattern utilization by discussing their strengths and weaknesses.

关键词： Dynamic programming

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Evaluating Java runtime reflection for implementing cross-language method invocations 10

Evaluating Java runtime reflection for implementing cross-la...

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proceedings of the 8th International conference on the Principles and Practice of programming in Java

作者： Sobernig, Stefan Zdun, Uwe Institute for Information Systems and New Media Vienna University of Economics and Business Austria Information Systems Institute Vienna University of Technology Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781450302692

Cross-language method invocations are commonly used for integrating objects residing in different programming language environments. In this experience report, we evaluate the performance and the design impact of alternative implementations of cross-language method invocations for the object-oriented scripting language Frag, implemented and embedded in Java. In particular, we compare reflective integration and generative integration techniques. For that, we present a performance evaluation based on a large set of test cases. In addition, we propose a new method for quantifying and comparing the implementation efforts needed for cross-language method invocations based on cross-language refactorings. We report on the lessons learnt and discuss the consequences of the implementation variants under review. © 2010 acm.

关键词： Java programming language

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Archface: A contract place where architectural design and code meet together 10

Archface: A contract place where architectural design and co...

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32nd acm/IEEE International conference on Software Engineering, ICSE 2010

作者： Ubayashi, Naoyasu Nomura, Jun Tamai, Tetsuo Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Kyushu Institute of Technology Fukuoka Japan University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781605587196

This paper proposes Archface, an interface mechanism for bridging the gap between architectural design and its implementation. Archface, which encapsulates design essence based on the component-and-connector architecture, is not only an ADL (Architecture Description language) but also a programming-level interface. Archface is effective for software evolution because traceability between design and its implementation can be realized by enforcing architectural constraints on program implementation, and this traceability is bidirectional. In Archface, a component exposes program points such as method call/execution and a connector defines how to coordinate exposed program points. A collaborative architecture consisting of components can be encapsulated into a group of interfaces and separated from implementation, because dynamic program points representing control flow can be specified in the interfaces. We can characterize the notion of Archface with the phrase "predicate coordination," in which program points are exposed by a predicate and coordinated by a trait-based connector. © 2010 acm.

关键词： Architectural design

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Contracts for Modular Discrete Controller Synthesis

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acm sigplan NOTICES 2010年第4期45卷 57-66页

作者： Delaval, Gwenael Marchand, Herve Rutten, Eric INRIA Grenoble France INRIA Rennes France

We describe the extension of a reactive programming language with a behavioral contract construct. It is dedicated to the programming of reactive control of applications in embedded systems, and involves principles of the supervisory control of discrete event systems. Our contribution is in a language approach where modular discrete controller synthesis (DCS) is integrated, and it is concretized in the encapsulation of DCS into a compilation process. From transition system specifications of possible behaviors, DCS automatically produces controllers that make the controlled system satisfy the property given as objective. Our language features and compiling technique provide correctness-by-construction in that sense, and enhance reliability and verifiability. Our application domain is adaptive and reconfigurable systems: closed-loop adaptation mechanisms enable flexible execution of functionalities w.r.t. changing resource and environment conditions. Our language can serve programming such adaption controllers. This paper particularly describes the compilation of the language. We present a method for the modular application of discrete controller synthesis on synchronous programs, and its integration in the BZR language. We consider structured programs, as a composition of nodes, and first apply DCS on particular nodes of the program, in order to reduce the complexity of the controller computation;then, we allow the abstraction of parts of the program for this computation;and finally, we show how to recompose the different controllers computed from different abstractions for their correct co-execution with the initial program. Our work is illustrated with examples, and we present quantitative results about its implementation.

关键词： design languages Reliability Verification Discrete controller synthesis modularity components contracts reactive systems synchronous programming adaptive and reconfigurable systems

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Modular JADE agents design and implementation using ASEME

Modular JADE agents design and implementation using ASEME

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2010 IEEE/WIC/acm International conference on Intelligent Agent Technology, IAT 2010

作者： Spanoudakis, Nikolaos Moraitis, Pavlos Technical University of Crete Greece LIPADE Paris Descartes University France

ISBN: (纸本)9780769541914

ASEME is an emerging Agent Oriented Software Engineering (AOSE) methodology. The Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) paradigm encourages software modelers to automate the transition of one type of software model to another and eventually the code generation process. This paper builds on previous work that describes the model-driven development of agent systems using ASEME and creating a Platform Independent Model (PIM) that adheres to the language of statecharts, the Intra-Agent Control Model. In this contribution we use the generated statecharts and show how to automatically transform them to Java programs using the Java Agent Development Framework (JADE). All agent and behaviour classes are automatically generated including the agent interaction protocols. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Java programming language

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Considerate Reasoning and the Composite design Pattern 10

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11th International conference on Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation

作者： Summers, Alexander J. Drossopoulou, Sophia Imperial Coll London London England

ISBN: (纸本)9783642113185

We propose Considerate Reasoning, a novel specification and verification technique based on object invariants. This technique supports succinct specifications of implementations which follow the pattern of breaking properties of other objects and then notifying them appropriately. It allows the specification to be concerned only with the properties directly relevant to the current method call, with no need to explicitly mention the concerns of subcalls. In this way, the specification reflects the division of responsibility present in the implementation, and reflects what we regard as the natural argument behind the design. We specify and prove the well-known Composite design pattern using Considerate Reasoning. We show how to encode our approach in Boogie2. The resulting specification verifies automatically within a few seconds;no manual guidance is required beyond the careful representation of the invariants themselves.

关键词： Specifications

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MapCG: Writing Parallel Program Portable between CPU and GPU 10

MapCG: Writing Parallel Program Portable between CPU and GPU

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19th International conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques

作者： Hong, Chuntao Chen, Dehao Chen, Wenguang Zheng, Weimin Lin, Haibo Tsinghua Univ Tsinghua Natl Lab Informat Sci & Technol Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450301787

Graphics Processing Units (GPU) have been playing an important role in the general purpose computing market recently. The common approach to program GPU today is to write GPU specific code with low level GPU APIs such as CUDA. Although this approach can achieve very good performance, it raises serious portability issues: programmers are required to write a specific version of code for each potential target architecture. It results in high development and maintenance cost. We believe it is desired to have a programming model which provides source code portability between CPUs and CPUs, and different GPUs: Programmers only need to write one version of code and can be compiled and executed on either CPUs or CPUs efficiently without modification. In this paper, we propose MapCG, a Map Reduce framework to provide source code level portability between CPU and GPU. Different from OpenCL, our framework is based on Map Reduce, which provides a high level programming model, making programming much easier. We describe the design of the Map Reduce-based high-level programming language and the underlying runtime system to enable portability between CPU and CPU. A prototype of MapCG runtime was implemented, supporting multi-core CPU and NVIDIA GPUs. Experiments show that our implementation can execute the same source code efficiently on multi-core CPU platforms and CPUs, achieving an average of 1.6-2.5x speedup over previous implementations of Map Reduce on eight commonly used applications.

关键词： portability parallel GPU programming

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