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The composition of abstractions: Evolution of software component design with Ada 95

The composition of abstractions: Evolution of software compo...

International conference on TRI-Ada 1995: Ada's Role in Global Markets: Solutions for a Changing Complex World, TRI-Ada 1995

作者： Kempe, Magnus Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne Software Engineering Laboratory EPFL-DI-LGL LausanneCH-1015 Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)0897917057

Ada 95 adds many new, powerful constructs to the ones Ada 83 already offered. From the perspective of a designer and implementor of Ada software components, this should encourage an evolution in the architecture of component families, and from the perspective of the user the improvements must be understood. This paper describes evolutionary issues in designing reusable components, indicates potential directions to update the matrix of component properties, and examines some general design options and problems. Finally, a sample family of components is presented as a case study. The conclusion is that Ada 95 helps solve many advanced and complex issues in the design and implementation of adaptable software components, benefitting both designers and users of reusable component libraries. © 1995 acm.

关键词： Chemical analysis

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Automated Feedback Generation for Introductory programming Assignments 13

Automated Feedback Generation for Introductory Programming A...

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acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Rishabh Singh Sumit Gulwani Armando Solar-Lezama MIT CSAIL Microsoft Research

ISBN: (纸本)9781450320146

We present a new method for automatically providing feedback for introductory programming problems. In order to use this method, we need a reference implementation of the assignment, and an error model consisting of potential corrections to errors that students might make. Using this information, the system automatically derives minimal corrections to student's incorrect solutions, providing them with a measure of exactly how incorrect a given solution was, as well as feedback about what they did wrong. We introduce a simple language for describing error models in terms of correction rules, and formally define a rule-directed translation strategy that reduces the problem of finding minimal corrections in an incorrect program to the problem of synthesizing a correct program from a sketch. We have evaluated our system on thousands of real student attempts obtained from the Introduction to programming course at MIT (6.00) and MITx (6.00x). Our results show that relatively simple error models can correct on average 64% of all incorrect submissions in our benchmark set.

关键词： Automated Grading Computer-Aided Education Program Synthesis error model computer-assisted education Feedback programming Students AUTOMATIC

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Software evolution - Background, theory, practice

Software evolution - Background, theory, practice

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Joint European conference on Theory and Practice of Software (ETAPS 2003)

作者： Lehman, MM Ramil, JF Middlesex Univ Sch Comp London N11 2NQ England Open Univ Fac Maths & Comp Dept Comp Milton Keynes MK7 6AA Bucks England

This paper opens with a brief summary of some 30 years of study of the software evolution phenomenon. The results of those studies include the SPE program classification, a principle of software uncertainty and laws of E-type software evolution. The laws were termed so because they encapsulate phenomena largely independent of the people, the organisations and the domains involved in the evolution of the E-type systems studied. Recent studies have refined earlier conclusions, yielded practical guidelines for software evolution management and provide a basis for the formation of a theory of software evolution. Given the volume of published material and the extent of recent discussions on the topic (see, e.g., [Proc. ICSM, Montreal, 2002, p. 66]), this paper is restricted to an overview that exposes the significance of the evolution phenomenon and its study to the wider community, providing a basis for the future and, in particular, development of a theory of software evolution. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： software engineering software design and implementation safety/security in digital systems software evolution theory of software evolution laws of software evolution software uncertainty principle software process best practice assumptions maintenance

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An object storage model for the Truffle language implementation framework 14

An object storage model for the Truffle language implementat...

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PPPJ '14: proceedings of the 2014 International conference on Principles and Practices of programming on the Java platform: Virtual machines, languages, and Tools

作者： Wöß, Andreas Wirth, Christian Bonetta, Daniele Seaton, Chris Humer, Christian Mössenböck, Hanspeter Institute for System Software Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria Oracle Labs United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450330640

Truffle is a Java-based framework for developing high-performance language runtimes. language implementers aiming at developing new runtimes have to design all the runtime mechanisms for managing dynamically typed objects from scratch. This not only leads to potential code duplication, but also impacts the actual time needed to develop a fully-fledged runtime. In this paper we address this issue by introducing a common object storage model (OSM) for Truffle that can be used by language implementers to develop new runtimes. The OSM is generic, language-agnostic, and portable, as it can be used to implement a great variety of dynamic languages. It is extensible, featuring built-in support for custom extension mechanisms. It is also highperformance, as it is designed to benefit from the optimizing compiler in the Truffle framework. Our initial evaluation indicates that the Truffle OSM can be used to implement high-performance language runtimes, with no performance overhead when compared to language-specific solutions. Copyright © 2014 acm.

关键词： Virtual machine

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Reliable and efficient programming abstractions for wireless sensor networks

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acm sigplan NOTICES 2007年第6期42卷 200-210页

作者： Kothari, Nupur Gummadi, Ramakrishna Millstein, Todd Govindan, Ramesh Univ So Calif Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Univ Calif Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90024 USA

It is currently difficult to build practical and reliable programming systems out of distributed and resource-constrained sensor devices. The state of the art in today's sensornet programming is centered around a component-based language called nesC. nesC is a node-level language-a program is written for an individual node in the network-and nesC programs use the services of an operating system called TinyOS. We are pursuing an approach to programming sensor networks that significantly raises the level of abstraction over this practice. The critical change is one of perspective: rather than writing programs from the point of view of an individual node, programmers implement a central program that conceptually has access to the entire network. This approach pushes to the compiler the task of producing node-level programs that implement the desired behavior. We present the Pleiades programming language, its compiler, and its runtime. The Pleiades language extends the C language with constructs that allow programmers to name and access node-local state within the network and to specify simple forms of concurrent execution. The compiler and runtime system cooperate to implement Pleiades programs efficiently and reliably. First, the compiler employs a novel program analysis to translate Pleiades programs into message-efficient units of work implemented in nesC. The Pleiades runtime system orchestrates execution of these units, using TinyOS services, across a network of sensor nodes. Second, the compiler and runtime system employ novel locking, deadlock detection, and deadlock recovery algorithms that guarantee serializability in the face of concurrent execution. We illustrate the readability, reliability and efficiency benefits of the Pleiades language through detailed experiments, and demonstrate that the Pleiades implementation of a realistic application performs similar to a hand-coded nesC version that contains more than ten times as much code.

关键词： performance design languages reliability experimentation wireless sensor networks macroprogramming energy efficiency serializability deadlocks

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From Scenario Modeling to Scenario programming for Reactive Systems with Dynamic Topology 2017

From Scenario Modeling to Scenario Programming for Reactive ...

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11th Joint Meeting of European Software Engineering conference (ESEC) / acm SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (FSE)

作者： Greenyer, Joel Gritzner, Daniel Koenig, Florian Dahlke, Jannik Shi, Jianwei Wete, Eric Leibniz Univ Hannover Software Engn Grp Welfengarten 1 D-30167 Hannover Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450351058

Software-intensive systems often consist of cooperating reactive components. In mobile and reconfigurable systems, their topology changes at run-time, which influences how the components must cooperate. The Scenario Modeling language (SML) offers a formal approach for specifying the reactive behavior such systems that aligns with how humans conceive and communicate behavioral requirements. Simulation and formal checks can find specification flaws early. We present a framework for the Scenario-based programming (SBP) that reflects the concepts of SML in Java and makes the scenario modeling approach available for programming. SBP code can also be generated from SML and extended with platform-specific code, thus streamlining the transition from design to implementation. As an example serves a car-to-x communication *** video and artifact: http://***/esecfse-2017-tool-demo/

关键词： Scenario-based modeling reactive systems distributed embedded systems dynamic topologies assume/guarantee specifications

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A study of object-oriented design errors made by novice programmers 09

A study of object-oriented design errors made by novice prog...

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2009 Annual conference of the Southern African Computer Lecturers' Association, SACLA '09

作者： Pillay, Nelishia School of Computer Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermartizburg Campus KwaZulu-Natal South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)9781605586830

There has been a vast amount of research into the errors made by novice programmers when implementing the object-oriented programming paradigm. However, a majority of the work in this area has focused on language-specific or implementation errors. There has been very little work done on object-oriented design errors. This paper presents the results of a study conducted to identify such errors and brings together the findings of this study and previous work in this area. © 2009 acm.

关键词： Errors

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Classbox/J: Controlling the scope of change in Java

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acm sigplan NOTICES 2005年第10期40卷 177-189页

作者： Bergel, A Ducasse, S Nierstrasz, O Univ Bern Software Composit Grp Bern Switzerland Univ Savoie Language & Software Evolut Grp LISTIC Chambery France

Unanticipated changes to complex software systems can introduce anomalies such as duplicated code, suboptimal inheritance relationships and a proliferation of run-tirne downcasts. Refactoring to eliminate these anomalies may not be an option, at least in certain stages of software evolution. Classboxes are modules that restrict the visibility of changes to selected clients only, thereby offering more freedom in the way unanticipated changes may be implemented, and thus reducing the need for convoluted design anomalies. In this paper we demonstrate how classboxes can be implemented in statically-typed languages like Java. We also present an extended case study of Swing, a Java GUI package built on top of AWT, and we document the ensuing anomalies that Swing introduces. We show how Classbox/J, a prototype implementation of classboxes for Java, is used to provide a cleaner implementation of Swing using local refinement rather than subclassing.

关键词： language design module package open-classes class extension

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Compiling a High-Level language for GPUs 12

Compiling a High-Level Language for GPUs

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acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Christophe Dubach Perry Cheng Rodric Rabbah David F. Bacon Stephen J. Fink University of Edinburgh IBM Research

ISBN: (纸本)9781450312059

languages such as OpenCL and CUDA offer a standard interface for general-purpose programming of GPUs. However, with these languages, programmers must explicitly manage numerous low-level details involving communication and synchronization. This burden makes programming GPUs difficult and error-prone, rendering these powerful devices inaccessible to most programmers. We desire a higher-level programming model that makes GPUs more accessible while also effectively exploiting their computational power. This paper presents features of Lime, a new Java-compatible language targeting heterogeneous systems, that allow an optimizing compiler to generate high quality GPU code. The key insight is that the language type system enforces isolation and immutability invariants that allow the compiler to optimize for a GPU without heroic compiler analysis. Our compiler attains GPU speedups between 75% and 140% of the performance of native OpenCL code.

关键词： design languages Performance GPU OpenCL Java Lime Streaming Map Reduce language Streaming GRAPPER PICK UP Graphics Processing Unit lime Reduce Java Java programming language compilers MAPPING(MATHEMATICAL) language form Computer personnel high level language(hll) Optimising compilers general purpose programming

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Scalable certification framework for behavioral synthesis front-end 14

Scalable certification framework for behavioral synthesis fr...

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51st Annual design Automation conference, DAC 2014

作者： Yang, Zhenkun Hao, Kecheng Cong, Kai Lei, Li Ray, Sandip Xie, Fei Department of Computer Science Portland State University Portland OR 97207 United States Strategic CAD Labs Intel Corporation Hillsboro OR 97124 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781479930173

Behavioral synthesis entails application of a sequence of transformations to compile a high-level description of a hardware design (e.g., in C/C++/SystemC) into a register-transfer level (RTL) implementation. In this paper, we present a scalable equivalence checking framework to validate the correctness of compiler transformations employed by behavioral synthesis front-end. Our approach makes use of dual-rail symbolic simulation of the input and output of a transformation, together with identication and inductive verication of their loop structures. We have evaluated our framework on transformations applied by an open source behavioral synthesis tool to designs from the CHStone benchmark. Our tool can automatically validate more than 75 percent of the total of 1008 compiler transformations applied. Copyright 2014 acm.

关键词： C++ (programming language)

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