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The Bedrock Structured programming System Combining Generative Metaprogramming and Hoare Logic in an Extensible Program Verifier

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acm sigplan NOTICES 2013年第9期48卷 391-402页

作者： Chlipala, Adam MIT CSAIL United States

We report on the design and implementation of an extensible programming language and its intrinsic support for formal verification. Our language is targeted at low-level programming of infrastructure like operating systems and runtime systems. It is based on a cross-platform core combining characteristics of assembly languages and compiler intermediate languages. From this foundation, we take literally the saying that C is a "macro assembly language": we introduce an expressive notion of certified low-level macros, sufficient to build up the usual features of C and beyond as macros with no special support in the core. Furthermore, our macros have integrated support for strongest postcondition calculation and verification condition generation, so that we can provide a high-productivity formal verification environment within Coq for programs composed from any combination of macros. Our macro interface is expressive enough to support features that low-level programs usually only access through external tools with no formal guarantees, such as declarative parsing or SQL-inspired querying. The abstraction level of these macros only imposes a compile-time cost, via the execution of functional Coq programs that compute programs in our intermediate language;but the run-time cost is not substantially greater than for more conventional C code. We describe our experiences constructing a full C-like language stack using macros, with some experiments on the verifiability and performance of individual programs running on that stack.

关键词： generative metaprogramming interactive proof assistants low-level programming languages functional programming

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programming languages in security: keynote 13

Programming languages in security: keynote

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proceedings of the 34th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Fred B. Schneider Cornell University Ithaca NY USA

No abstract available.

ISBN: (纸本)9781450320146

No abstract available.

关键词： science of security

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Quipper: A Scalable Quantum programming language 13

Quipper: A Scalable Quantum Programming Language

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acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Alexander S. Green Peter LeFanu Lumsdaine Neil J. Ross Peter Selinger Benoit Valiron Dalhousie University Institute of Advanced Studies University of Pennsylvania

ISBN: (纸本)9781450320146

The field of quantum algorithms is vibrant. Still, there is currently a lack of programming languages for describing quantum computation on a practical scale, i.e., not just at the level of toy problems. We address this issue by introducing Quipper, a scalable, expressive, functional, higher-order quantum programming language. Quipper has been used to program a diverse set of non-trivial quantum algorithms, and can generate quantum gate representations using trillions of gates. It is geared towards a model of computation that uses a classical computer to control a quantum device, but is not dependent on any particular model of quantum hardware. Quipper has proven effective and easy to use, and opens the door towards using formal methods to analyze quantum algorithms.

关键词： Quipper Quantum programming languages

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Finding Optimum Abstractions in Parametric Dataflow Analysis 13

Finding Optimum Abstractions in Parametric Dataflow Analysis

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acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Xin Zhang Mayur Naik Hongseok Yang Georgia Institute of Technology University of Oxford

ISBN: (纸本)9781450320146

We propose a technique to efficiently search a large family of abstractions in order to prove a query using a parametric dataflow analysis. Our technique either finds the cheapest such abstraction or shows that none exists. It is based on counterexample-guided abstraction refinement but applies a novel meta-analysis on abstract counterexample traces to efficiently find abstractions that are incapable of proving the query. We formalize the technique in a generic framework and apply it to two analyses: a type-state analysis and a thread-escape analysis. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique on a suite of Java benchmark programs.

关键词： Dataflow analysis CEGAR Abstraction refinement Optimum abstraction Impossibility Under-approximation languages Verification data flow analysis language Probability Verification Abstraction Parametric

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Terra: A Multi-Stage language for High-Performance Computing 13

Terra: A Multi-Stage Language for High-Performance Computing

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acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Zachary DeVito James Hegarty Alex Aiken Pat Hanrahan Jan Vitek Stanford University Purdue University

ISBN: (纸本)9781450320146

High-performance computing applications, such as auto-tuners and domain-specific languages, rely on generative programming techniques to achieve high performance and portability. However, these systems are often implemented in multiple disparate languages and perform code generation in a separate process from program execution, making certain optimizations difficult to engineer. We leverage a popular scripting language, Lua, to stage the execution of a novel low-level language, Terra. Users can implement optimizations in the high-level language, and use built-in constructs to generate and execute high-performance Terra code. To simplify meta-programming, Lua and Terra share the same lexical environment, but, to ensure performance, Terra code can execute independently of Lua's runtime. We evaluate our design by reimplementing existing multi-language systems entirely in Terra. Our Terra-based auto-tuner for BLAS routines performs within 20% of ATLAS, and our DSL for stencil computations runs 2.3x faster than hand-written C.

关键词： Lua Staged computation DSL design Performance

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Asynchronous Functional Reactive programming for GUIs 13

Asynchronous Functional Reactive Programming for GUIs

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acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Evan Czaplicki Stephen Chong Harvard University

ISBN: (纸本)9781450320146

Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) mediate many of our interactions with computers. Functional Reactive programming (FRP) is a promising approach to GUI design, providing high-level, declarative, compositional abstractions to describe user interactions and time-dependent computations. We present Elm, a practical FRP language focused on easy creation of responsive GUIs. Elm has two major features: simple declarative support for Asynchronous FRP; and purely functional graphical layout. Asynchronous FRP allows the programmer to specify when the global ordering of event processing can be violated, and thus enables efficient concurrent execution of FRP programs; long-running computation can be executed asynchronously and not adversely affect the responsiveness of the user interface. Layout in Elm is achieved using a purely functional declarative framework that makes it simple to create and combine text, images, and video into rich multimedia displays. Together, Elm's two major features simplify the complicated task of creating responsive and usable GUIs.

关键词： Functional Reactive programming Graphical User Interfaces languages design graphical user interfaces language Asynchronous Elm fibre reinforced plastics FRP reactive programming event processing Computer personnel FUNCTIONALS

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EventHurdle: Supporting designers' exploratory interaction prototyping with gesture-based sensors 13

EventHurdle: Supporting designers' exploratory interaction p...

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31st Annual CHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems: Changing Perspectives, CHI 2013

作者： Kim, Ju-Whan Nam, Tek-Jin CIDR Lab Department of Industrial Design KAIST 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-701 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781450318990

Prototyping of gestural interactions in the early phase of design is one of the most challenging tasks for designers without advanced programming skills. Relating users' input from gesture-based sensor values requires a great deal of effort on the designer's part and disturbs their reflective and creative thinking. To deal with this problem, we present EventHurdle, a visual gesture authoring tool to support designers' explorative prototyping. It supports remote gestures from a camera, handheld gestures with physical sensors, and touch gestures by utilizing touch screens. EventHurdle allows designers to visually define and modify gestures through interaction workspace and graphical markup language with hurdles. Because the created gestures can be integrated into a prototype as programming code and automatically recognized, designers do not need to pay attention in sensor-related implementation. Two user studies and a recognition test are reported to discuss the acceptance and implications of explorative prototyping tools for designers. Copyright © 2013 acm.

关键词： Touch screens

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It''s Alive! Continuous Feedback in UI programming 13

It''s Alive! Continuous Feedback in UI Programming

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acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Sebastian Burckhardt Peli de Halleux Michal Moskal Manuel Fahndrich Sean McDirmid Nikolai Tillmann Jun Kato Microsoft Research The University of Tokyo

ISBN: (纸本)9781450320146

Live programming allows programmers to edit the code of a running program and immediately see the effect of the code changes. This tightening of the traditional edit-compile-run cycle reduces the cognitive gap between program code and execution, improving the learning experience of beginning programmers while boosting the productivity of seasoned ones. Unfortunately, live programming is difficult to realize in practice as imperative languages lack well-defined abstraction boundaries that make live programming responsive or its feedback comprehensible. This paper enables live programming for user interface programming by cleanly separating the rendering and non-rendering aspects of a UI program, allowing the display to be refreshed on a code change without restarting the program. A type and effect system formalizes this separation and provides an evaluation model that incorporates the code update step. By putting live programming on a more formal footing, we hope to enable critical and technical discussion of live programming systems.

关键词： Live programming Graphical User Interface languages Human Factors

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Reconciling Exhaustive Pattern Matching with Objects 13

Reconciling Exhaustive Pattern Matching with Objects

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acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Chinawat Isradisaikul Andrew C. Myers Department of Computer Science Cornell University

ISBN: (纸本)9781450320146

Pattern matching, an important feature of functional languages, is in conflict with data abstraction and extensibility, which are central to object-oriented languages. Modal abstraction offers an integration of deep pattern matching and convenient iteration abstractions into an object-oriented setting; however, because of data abstraction, it is challenging for a compiler to statically verify properties such as exhaustiveness. In this work, we extend modal abstraction in the JMatch language to support static, modular reasoning about exhaustiveness and redundancy. New matching specifications allow these properties to be checked using an SMT solver. We also introduce expressive pattern-matching constructs. Our evaluation shows that these new features enable more concise code and that the performance of checking exhaustiveness and redundancy is acceptable.

关键词： JMatch Pattern matching Named constructor Equality constructor Matching specification Exhaustiveness Redundancy Modal abstraction Java Data abstraction Subtyping design Verification languages

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Automated Feedback Generation for Introductory programming Assignments 13

Automated Feedback Generation for Introductory Programming A...

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acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Rishabh Singh Sumit Gulwani Armando Solar-Lezama MIT CSAIL Microsoft Research

ISBN: (纸本)9781450320146

We present a new method for automatically providing feedback for introductory programming problems. In order to use this method, we need a reference implementation of the assignment, and an error model consisting of potential corrections to errors that students might make. Using this information, the system automatically derives minimal corrections to student's incorrect solutions, providing them with a measure of exactly how incorrect a given solution was, as well as feedback about what they did wrong. We introduce a simple language for describing error models in terms of correction rules, and formally define a rule-directed translation strategy that reduces the problem of finding minimal corrections in an incorrect program to the problem of synthesizing a correct program from a sketch. We have evaluated our system on thousands of real student attempts obtained from the Introduction to programming course at MIT (6.00) and MITx (6.00x). Our results show that relatively simple error models can correct on average 64% of all incorrect submissions in our benchmark set.

关键词： Automated Grading Computer-Aided Education Program Synthesis error model computer-assisted education Feedback programming Students AUTOMATIC

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