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17th Meeting on Object-Oriented programming, Systems, languages and Applications (OOPSLA 2002)

作者： Marelly, R Harel, D Kugler, H Weizmann Inst Sci Dept Comp Sci & Appl Math IL-76100 Rehovot Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781581134711

We extend live sequence charts (LSCs), a highly expressive variant of sequence diagrams, and provide the extension with an executable semantics. The extension involves support for instances that can bind to multiple objects and symbolic variables that can bind to arbitrary values. The result is a powerful executable language for expressing behavioral requirements on the level of inter-object interaction. The extension is implemented in full in our play-engine tool, with which one can execute the requirements directly without the need to build or synthesize an intra-object system model. It seems that in addition to many advantages in testing and requirements engineering, for some kinds of systems this could lead to the requirements actually serving as the final implementation.

关键词： design languages verification

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Sal/Svm: An assembly language and virtual machine for computing with non-enumerated sets

Sal/Svm: An assembly language and virtual machine for comput...

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4th Workshop on Virtual Machines and Intermediate languages, VMIL 2010, Held at the 1st acm sigplan conference on Systems, programming, languages, and Applications: Software for Humanity, SPLASH 2010

作者： Stanley-Marbell, Phillip IBM Research-Zürich Säumerstrasse 4 8803 Rüschlikon Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450305457

Presented is the design, implementation and evaluation of a system for computing with non-enumerative set representations. The implementation is in the form of a set assembly language (Sal) whose operations correspond to an implementation of the algebra of sets, with minimal added syntactic sugar;a compiler (Salc) for validation and static optimization of Sal definitions;and a virtual machine architecture (Svm) for executing Sal definitions. Sal/Svm has turned out to be a surprisingly versatile framework for a growing number of problems. One such application, as a framework for declaratively specifying computational problems with the same level of precision that traditional machine languages enable the specification of computational algorithms, is presented. Copyright © 2010 acm.

关键词： Network security

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A Lightweight Polyglot Code Transformation language

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proceedings OF THE acm ON programming languageS-PacmPL 2024年第PLDI期8卷 1288-1312页

作者： Ketkar, Ameya Ramos, Daniel Clapp, Lazaro Barik, Raj Ramanathan, Murali Krishna Gitar Inc San Mateo CA 94403 USA Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Univ Lisbon INESC ID IST Lisbon Portugal Amazon Web Serv Santa Clara CA USA Uber Technol Inc San Francisco CA USA

In today's software industry, large-scale, multi-language codebases are the norm. This brings substantial challenges in developing automated tools for code maintenance tasks such as API migration or dead code cleanup. Tool builders often find themselves caught between two less-than-ideal tooling options: (1) language-specific code rewriting tools or (2) generic, lightweight match-replace transformation tools with limited expressiveness. The former leads to tool fragmentation and a steep learning curve for each language, while the latter forces developers to create ad-hoc, throwaway scripts to handle realistic tasks. To fill this gap, we introduce a new declarative domain-specific language (DSL) for expressing interdependent multi-language code transformations. Our key insight is that we can increase the expressiveness and applicability of lightweight match-replace tools by extending them to support for composition, ordering, and flow. We implemented an open-source tool for our language, called PolyglotPiranha, and deployed it in an industrial setting. We demonstrate its effectiveness through three case studies, where it deleted 210K lines of dead code and migrated 20K lines, across 1611 pull requests. We compare our DSL against state-of-the-art alternatives, and show that the tools we developed are faster, more concise, and easier to maintain.

关键词： Source-code rewriting Automated refactoring Code cleanup

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It's Alive! Continuous Feedback in UI programming

It's Alive! Continuous Feedback in UI Programming

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34th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Burckhardt, Sebastian Faehndrich, Manuel de Halleux, Peli McDirmid, Sean Moskal, Michal Tillmann, Nikolai Kato, Jun Univ Tokyo Tokyo 1138654 Japan

Live programming allows programmers to edit the code of a running program and immediately see the effect of the code changes. This tightening of the traditional edit-compile-run cycle reduces the cognitive gap between program code and execution, improving the learning experience of beginning programmers while boosting the productivity of seasoned ones. Unfortunately, live programming is difficult to realize in practice as imperative languages lack well-defined abstraction boundaries that make live programming responsive or its feedback comprehensible. This paper enables live programming for user interface programming by cleanly separating the rendering and non-rendering aspects of a UI program, allowing the display to be refreshed on a code change without restarting the program. A type and effect system formalizes this separation and provides an evaluation model that incorporates the code update step. By putting live programming on a more formal footing, we hope to enable critical and technical discussion of live programming systems.

关键词： languages Human Factors Live programming Graphical User Interface

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Prefetch injection based on hardware monitoring and object metadata

Prefetch injection based on hardware monitoring and object m...

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proceedings of the 2004 acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI'04)

作者： Adl-Tabatabai, Ali-Reza Hudson, Richard L. Serrano, Mauricio J. Subramoney, Sreenivas Programming Systems Laboratory Microprocessor Technology Laboratory Intel Corporation Santa Clara CA United States

Cache miss stalls hurt performance because of the large gap between memory and processor speeds - for example, the popular server benchmark SPEC JBB2000 spends 45% of its cycles stalled waiting for memory requests on the Itanium® 2 processor. Traversing linked data structures causes a large portion of these stalls. Prefetching for linked data structures remains a major challenge because serial data dependencies between elements in a linked data structure preclude the timely materialization of prefetch addresses. This paper presents Mississippi Delta (MS Delta), a novel technique for prefetching linked data structures that closely integrates the hardware performance monitor (HPM), the garbage collector's global view of heap and object layout, the type-level metadata inherent in type-safe programs, and JIT compiler analysis. The garbage collector uses the HPM's data cache miss information to identify cache miss intensive traversal paths through linked data structures, and then discovers regular distances (deltas) between these linked objects. JIT compiler analysis injects prefetch instructions using deltas to materialize prefetch addresses. We have implemented MS Delta in a fully dynamic profile-guided optimization system: the StarJIT dynamic compiler and the ORP Java virtual machine, We demonstrate a 28-29% reduction in stall cycles attributable to the high-latency cache misses targeted by MS Delta and a speedup of 11-14% on the cache miss intensive SPEC JBB2000 benchmark.

关键词： Cache memory

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A cost-driven compilation framework for speculative parallelization of sequential programs

A cost-driven compilation framework for speculative parallel...

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proceedings of the 2004 acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI'04)

作者： Du, Zhao-Hui Yang, Chen Lim, Chu-Cheow Zhao, Qingyu Li, Xiao-Feng Ngai, Tin-Fook Intel China Research Center Intel China Ltd. Beijing China Programming Systems Lab Intel Corporation Santa Clara California United States

The emerging hardware support for thread-level speculation opens new opportunities to parallelize sequential programs beyond the traditional limits. By speculating that many data dependences are unlikely during runtime, consecutive iterations of a sequential loop can be executed speculatively in parallel. Runtime parallelism is obtained when the speculation is correct. To take full advantage of this new execution model, a program needs to be programmed or compiled in such a way that it exhibits high degree of speculative thread-level parallelism. We propose a comprehensive cost-driven compilation framework to perform speculative parallelization. Based on a misspeculation cost model, the compiler aggressively transforms loops into optimal speculative parallel loops and selects only those loops whose speculative parallel execution is likely to improve program performance. The framework also supports and uses enabling techniques such as loop unrolling, software value prediction and dependence profiling to expose more speculative parallelism. The proposed framework was implemented on the ORC compiler. Our evaluation showed that the cost-driven speculative parallelization was effective. Our compiler was able to generate good speculative parallel loops in ten Spec2000Int benchmarks, which currently achieve an average 8% speedup. We anticipate an average 15.6% speedup when all enabling techniques are in place.

关键词： Parallel processing systems

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Hope: An experimental applicative language 80

Hope: An experimental applicative language

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1980 acm conference on LISP and Functional programming, LFP 1980

作者： Burstall, R.M. MacQueen, D.B. Sannella, D.T. Department of Computer Science University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom USC Information Sciences Institute Marina del ReyCA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450373968

An applicative language called HOPE is described and discussed. The underlying goal of the design and implementation effort was to produce a very simple programming language which encourages the construction of clear and manipulable programs. HOPE does not include an assignment statement;this is felt to be an important simplification. The user may freely define his own data types, without the need to devise a complicated encoding in terms of low-level types. The language is very strongly typed, and as implemented it incorporates a typechecker which handles polymorphic types and overloaded operators. Functions are defined by a set of recursion equations;the left-hand side of each equation includes a pattern used to determine which equation to use for a given argument. The availability of arbitrary higher-order types allows functions to be defined which 'package' recursion. Lazily-evaluated lists are provided, allowing the use of infinite lists which could be used to provide interactive input/output and concurrency. HOPE also includes a simple modularisation facility which may be used to protect the implementation of an abstract data type. © proceedings of the 1980 acm conference on LISP and Functional programming, LFP 1980. All rights reserved.

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Self

Self

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3rd acm sigplan History of programming languages conference, HOPL-III

作者： Ungar, David Smith, Randall B. IBM Corporation Sun Microsystems Laboratories

ISBN: (纸本)9781595937667

The years 1985 through 1995 saw the birth and development of the language Self, starting from its design by the authors at Xerox PARC, through first implementations by Ungar and his graduate students at Stanford University, and then with a larger team formed when the authors joined Sun Microsystems Laboratories in 1991. Self was designed to help programmers become more productive and creative by giving them a simple, pure, and powerful language, an implementation that combined ease of use with high performance, a user interface that off-loaded cognitive burden, and a programming environment that captured the malleability of a physical world of live objects. Accomplishing these goals required innovation in several areas: a simple yet powerful prototype-based object model for mainstream programming, many compilation techniques including customization, splitting, type prediction, polymorphic inline caches, adaptive optimization, and dynamic deoptimization, the application of cartoon animation to enhance the legibility of a dynamic graphical interface, an object-centered programming environment, and a user-interface construction framework that embodied a uniform use-mention distinction. Over the years, the project has published many papers and released four major versions of Self. Although the Self project ended in 1995, its implementation, animation, user interface toolkit architecture, and even its prototype object model impact computer science today (2006). Java virtual machines for desktop and laptop computers have adopted Self's implementation techniques, many user interfaces incorporate cartoon animation, several popular systems have adopted similar interface frameworks, and the prototype object model can be found in some of today's languages, including JavaScript. Nevertheless, the vision we tried to capture in the unified whole has yet to be achieved. © 2007 acm.

关键词： Computer programming languages

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Advanced Automata-Based Algorithms for Program Termination Checking 2018

Advanced Automata-Based Algorithms for Program Termination C...

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39th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Chen, Yu-Fang Heizmann, Matthias Lengal, Ondrej Li, Yong Tsai, Ming-Hsien Turrini, Andrea Zhang, Lijun Acad Sinica Taipei Taiwan Natl Taipei Univ New Taipei Taiwan Univ Freiburg Freiburg Germany Brno Univ Technol FIT IT4Innovat Ctr Excellence Brno Czech Republic Chinese Acad Sci Univ Chinese Acad Sci Inst Software State Key Lab Comp Sci Beijing Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Software State Key Lab Comp Sci Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450356985

In 2014, Heizmann et al. proposed a novel framework for program termination analysis. The analysis starts with a termination proof of a sample path. The path is generalized to a Buchi automaton (BA) whose language (by construction) represents a set of terminating paths. All these paths can be safely removed from the program. The removal of paths is done using automata difference, implemented via BA complementation and intersection. The analysis constructs in this way a set of BAs that jointly "cover" the behavior of the program, thus proving its termination. An implementation of the approach in Ultimate Automizer won the 1st place in the Termination category of SV-Comp 2017. In this paper, we exploit advanced automata-based algorithms and propose several non-trivial improvements of the framework. To alleviate the complementation computation for BAs-one of the most expensive operations in the framework-, we propose a multi-stage generalization construction. We start with generalizations producing subclasses of BAs (such as deterministic BAs) for which efficient complementation algorithms are known, and proceed to more general classes only if necessary. Particularly, we focus on the quite expressive subclass of semideterministic BAs and provide an improved complementation algorithm for this class. Our experimental evaluation shows that the proposed approach significantly improves the power of termination checking within the Ultimate Automizer framework.

关键词： Program Termination Buchi Automata Complementation and language Difference

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Incremental analysis of real programming languages

Incremental analysis of real programming languages

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proceedings of the 1997 acm SIGPLAM conference on programming language design and implementation, PLDI

作者： Wagner, Tim A. Graham, Susan L. Univ of California Berkeley United States

A major research goal for compilers and environments is the automatic derivation of tools from formal specifications. However, the formal model of the language is often inadequate;in particular, LR(k) grammars are unable to describe the natural syntax of many languages, such as C++ and Fortran, which are inherently non-deterministic. designers of batch compilers work around such limitations by combining generated components with ad hoc techniques (for instance, performing partial type and scope analysis in tandem with parsing). Unfortunately, the complexity of incremental systems precludes the use of batch solutions. The inability to generate incremental tools for important languages inhibits the widespread use of language-rich interactive environments. We address this problem by extending the language model itself, introducing a program representation based on parse dags that is suitable for both batch and incremental analysis. Ambiguities unresolved by one stage are retained in this representation until further stages can complete the analysis, even if the resolution depends on further actions by the user. Representing ambiguity explicitly increases the number and variety of languages that can be analyzed incrementally using existing methods. To create this representation, we have developed an efficient incremental parser for general context-free grammars. Our algorithm combines Tomita's generalized LR parser with reuse of entire subtrees via state-matching. Disambiguation can occur statically, during or after parsing, or during semantic analysis (using existing incremental techniques);program errors that preclude disambiguation retain multiple interpretations indefinitely. Our representation and analyses gain efficiency by exploiting the local nature of ambiguities: for the SPEC95 C programs, the explicit representation of ambiguity requires only 0.5% additional space and less than 1% additional time during reconstruction.

关键词： Computer programming languages

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