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Profile-guided proactive garbage collection for locality optimization 06

Profile-guided proactive garbage collection for locality opt...

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acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation, PLDI 2006 - PLAS 2006: 2006 programming languages and Analysis for Security Workshop

作者： Chen, Wen-Ke Bhansali, Sanjay Chilimbi, Trishul Gao, Xiaofeng Chuang, Weihaw Microsoft Research One Microsoft Way Redmond WA 98052 United States Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering University of California at San Diego San Diego CA 92093 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1595933743

Many applications written in garbage collected languages have large dynamic working sets and poor data locality. We present a new system for continuously improving program data locality at run time with low overhead. Our system proactively reorganizes the heap by leveraging the garbage collector and uses profile information collected through a low-overhead mechanism to guide the reorganization at run time. The key contributions include making a case that garbage collection should be viewed as a proactive technique for improving data locality by triggering garbage collection for locality optimization independently of normal garbage collection for space, combining page and cache locality optimization in the same system, and demonstrating that sampling provides sufficiently detailed data access information to guide both page and cache locality optimization with low runtime overhead. We present experimental results obtained by modifying a commercial, state-of-the-art garbage collector to support our claims. Independently triggering garbage collection for locality optimization significantly improved optimizations benefits. Combining page and cache locality optimizations in the same system provided larger average execution time improvements (17%) than either alone (page 8%, cache 7%). Finally, using sampling limited profiling overhead to less than 3%, on average. Copyright © 2006 acm.

关键词： Computer programming languages

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SAFECode: Enforcing alias analysis for weakly typed languages 06

SAFECode: Enforcing alias analysis for weakly typed language...

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PLDI 2006 - 2006 acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Dhurjati, Dinakar Kowshik, Sumant Adve, Vikram University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

ISBN: (纸本)1595933204

Static analysis of programs in weakly typed languages such as C and C++ is generally not sound because of possible memory errors due to dangling pointer references, uninitialized pointers, and array bounds overflow. We describe a compilation strategy for standard C programs that guarantees that aggressive interprocedural pointer analysis (or less precise ones), a call graph, and type information for a subset of memory, are never invalidated by any possible memory errors. We formalize our approach as a new type system with the necessary run-time checks in operational semantics and prove the correctness of our approach for a subset of C. Our semantics provide the foundation for other sophisticated static analyses to be applied to C programs with a guarantee of soundness. Our work builds on a previously published transformation called Automatic Pool Allocation to ensure that hard-to-detect memory errors (dangling pointer references and certain array bounds errors) cannot invalidate the call graph, points-to information or type information. The key insight behind our approach is that pool allocation can be used to create a run-time partitioning of memory that matches the compile-time memory partitioning in a points-to graph, and efficient checks can be used to isolate the run-time partitions. Furthermore, we show that the sound analysis information enables static checking techniques that eliminate many run-time checks. Our approach requires no source code changes, allows memory to be managed explicitly, and does not use meta-data on pointers or individual tag bits for memory. Using several benchmarks and system codes, we show experimentally that the run-time overheads are low (less than 10% in nearly all cases and 30% in the worst case we have seen). We also show the effectiveness of static analyses in eliminating run-time checks. Copyright © 2006 acm.

关键词： C (programming language)

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Free-Me: A static analysis for automatic individual object reclamation 06

Free-Me: A static analysis for automatic individual object r...

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PLDI 2006 - 2006 acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Guyer, Samuel Z. McKinley, Kathryn S. Frampton, Daniel Tufts University University of Texas Austin Australian National University

ISBN: (纸本)1595933204

Garbage collection has proven benefits, including fewer memory-related errors and reduced programmer effort. Garbage collection, however, trades space for time. It reclaims memory only when it is invoked: invoking it more frequently reclaims memory quickly, but incurs a significant cost;invoking it less frequently fills memory with dead objects. In contrast, explicit memory management provides prompt low cost reclamation, but at the expense of programmer effort. This work comes closer to the best of both worlds by adding novel compiler and runtime support for compiler inserted frees to a garbage-collected system. The compiler's free-me analysis identifies when objects become unreachable and inserts calls to free. It combines a lightweight pointer analysis with liveness information that detects when short-lived objects die. Our approach differs from stack and region allocation in two crucial ways. First, it frees objects incrementally exactly when they become unreachable, instead of based on program scope. Second, our system does not require allocation-site lifetime homogeneity, and thus frees objects on some paths and not on others. It also handles common patterns: it can free objects in loops and objects created by factory methods. We evaluate free() variations for free-list and bump-pointer allocators. Explicit freeing improves performance by promptly reclaiming objects and reducing collection load. Compared to marksweep alone, free-me cuts total time by 22% on average, collector time by 50% to 70%, and allows programs to run in 17% less memory. This combination retains the software engineering benefits of garbage collection while increasing space efficiency and improving performance, and thus is especially appealing for real-time and space constrained systems. Copyright © 2006 acm.

关键词： Computer programming

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Artemis: Practical runtime monitoring of applications for execution anomalies 06

Artemis: Practical runtime monitoring of applications for ex...

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acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation, PLDI 2006 - PLAS 2006: 2006 programming languages and Analysis for Security Workshop

作者： Fei, Long Midkiff, Samuel P. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1595933743

A number of hardware and software techniques have been proposed to detect dynamic program behaviors that may indicate a bug in a program. Because these techniques suffer from high overheads they are useful in finding bugs in programs before they are released, but are significantly less useful in finding bugs in long-running programs on production systems - the same bugs that are the most difficult to find using traditional techniques. In this paper we propose the Artemis1 is the Greek goddess of the hunt and wild animals. Our framework guides the hunt for wild bugs. compiler-based instrumentation framework that complements many pre-existing runtime monitoring techniques. The Artemis framework guides baseline monitoring techniques toward regions of the program where bugs are likely to occur, yielding a low asymptotic monitoring overhead. Artemis also facilitates system-load aware runtime monitoring that allows the monitoring coverage to be dynamically scaled up to take advantage of extra cycles when the system load is low, and dynamically scaled down to monitor only the most suspicious regions when the system load is high. Our experiments show that Artemis' asymptotic overhead can outperform the performance floor overhead of random sampling for many tools, and that Artemis can effectively guide a monitoring tool to the buggy regions of a program. Our experimental results show that Artemis applied to a hardware-based PC-invariance monitoring scheme and a value-based invariance detection and checking scheme significantly improves their runtime monitoring overhead (by up to 4.6 times) with moderate impact on their bug-detecting capabilities. Copyright © 2006 acm.

关键词： Dynamic programming

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Java interfaces in CS 1 textbooks

Java interfaces in CS 1 textbooks

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21st Annual acm sigplan conference on Object-oriented programming Systems, languages, and Applications, OOPSLA 2006

作者： VanDrunen, Thomas Wheaton College Wheaton IL

ISBN: (纸本)159593491X

Java's interface construct allows for a clear distinction between subtype polymorphism based on a shared interface and code reuse based on class extension or inheritance. design Patterns argues that in an object-oriented setting, programming should be done to an interface, not to an implementation, that class inheritance is a mechanism for code reuse rather than for subtyping and polymorphism, and that even composition should be favored over class inheritance. We conclude from this that interface should be introduced prior to and given more focus than classes and class inheritance. We survey 27 textbooks from major publishers to show that very few available texts teach Java this way. We propose an alternative ordering of material that will promote the principles mentioned above.

关键词： Java programming language

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Statically scoped object adaptation with expanders 06

Statically scoped object adaptation with expanders

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21st Annual acm sigplan conference on Object-oriented programming Systems, languages, and Applications, OOPSLA 2006

作者： Warth, Alessandro Stanojević, Milan Millstein, Todd Computer Science Department University of California Los Angeles

ISBN: (纸本)1595933484

This paper introduces the expander, a new object-oriented (OO) programming language construct designed to support object adaptation. Expanders allow existing classes to be noninvasively updated with new methods, fields, and superinterfaces. Each client can customize its view of a class by explicitly importing any number of expanders. This view then applies to all instances of that class, including objects passed to the client from other components. A form of expander overriding allows expanders to interact naturally with OO-style *** describe the design, implementation, and evaluation of eJava, an extension to Java supporting expanders. We illustrate eJava's syntax and semantics through several examples. The statically scoped nature of expander usage allows for a modular static type system that prevents several important classes of errors. We describe this modular static type system informally, formalize eJava and its type system in an extension to Featherweight Java, and prove a type soundness theorem for the formalization. We also describe a modular compilation strategy for eJava, which we have implemented using the Polyglot extensible compiler framework. Finally, we illustrate the practical benefits of eJava by using this compiler in two experiments. Copyright © 2006 acm.

关键词： Object oriented programming

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conferences with improved management and style

Conferences with improved management and style

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作者： Wadler, Philip Department of Theoretical Computer Science University of Edinburgh Royal Society of Edinburgh

sigplan sponsors the premier conferences in the area of programming language research and maintains a vigorous program of workshops. sigplan explores programming language concepts and tools focusing on design, implementation and efficient use. It has two types of relationships with conferences and workshops, sponsorship and in-cooperation. It also promotes a Republication Policy to clarify issues of overlap between related publications. It has arranged bulk provisions of conference management services from Softconf, which uses START V2. The service includes web hosting which relieves conference organizers of the responsibility for running the web server. The bulk rate negotiated with Softconf reduces cost to sigplan while at the same time improves the level of services.

关键词： Computer programming languages

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Modern features for systems programming languages 44

Modern features for systems programming languages

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44th Annual acm Southeast conference, acmSE 2006

作者： McCorkle, Eric L. Atlanta GA

ISBN: (纸本)1595933158

This paper presents a case for the design and implementation of a modern programming language for systems programming. It shows that traditional systems languages like C and Fortran possess features no longer relevant to the modern world. The paper also demonstrates how many of these features have a negative impact on the practice of systems programming. Finally, it proposes alternatives to these features that promote better practice. Additionally, the paper presents a number of features that should be included in a modern systems language and argues in favor of their inclusion. It shows that these features have a beneficial impact on the expressive power of the language or the practices it promotes. The paper also demonstrates that these features do not compromise the objectives of simplicity, efficiency, and direct control that characterize a systems language. Copyright 2006 acm.

关键词： Computer programming languages

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OO techniques applied to a real-time, embedded, spaceborne application

OO techniques applied to a real-time, embedded, spaceborne a...

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21st Annual acm sigplan conference on Object-oriented programming Systems, languages, and Applications, OOPSLA 2006

作者： Murray, Alexander T. Shahabuddin, Mohammad Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena CA 91109

ISBN: (纸本)159593491X

Though Object-Oriented Analysis, design, and languages have become the dominant practices in many, or most, domains of software engineering, concerns about complexity, size, and performance in the embedded, real-time software domain have led to a prevalent view that OO technology is not suitable for the domain. We challenge this view through a successful application of OOA, OOD, and C++ (including STL) in the embedded, real-time flight software in an Earth-orbiting science instrument named Aquarius (see [1]). We've found that OOA and OOD with UML actually enhance communication with systems and hardware engineers. We also found that C++, thoughtfully used, need not lead to code bloat, and that its performance is every bit as good as that of C. We egin with an overview of the requirements and describe our overall use of UML modeling, followed by a discussion of the use of UML for Object-Oriented Analysis with use cases. Then the application of UML for high-level and detailed design, the use of frameworks supporting a component architecture and multi-platform execution, and code generation from UML detailed design are described. We also present the use of UML for organizing and designing and documenting our verification and test environment and scenarios, and using HTML, generated by our UML tool, for all documentation and for requirement traceability. Finally, we discuss the use of C++ as the implementation language, and give an overview of status and work metrics.

关键词： Object oriented programming

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The DaCapo benchmarks: Java benchmarking development and analysis 06

The DaCapo benchmarks: Java benchmarking development and ana...

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21st Annual acm sigplan conference on Object-oriented programming Systems, languages, and Applications, OOPSLA 2006

作者： Blackburn, Stephen M. Garner, Robin Hoffmann, Chris Khang, Asjad M. Mckinley, Kathryn S. Bentzur, Rotem Diwan, Amer Feinberg, Daniel Frampton, Daniel Guyer, Samuel Z. Hirzel, Martin Hosking, Antony Jump, Maria Lee, Han Moss, J.Eliot B. Phansalkar, Aashish Stefanoví, Darko VanDrunen, Thomas Von Dincklage, Daniel Wiedermann, Ben Intel Australian National University University of Massachusetts Amherst University of Texas Austin University of New Mexico University of Colorado Tufts IBM TJ Watson Research Center Purdue University Wheaton College

ISBN: (纸本)1595933484

Since benchmarks drive computer science research and industry product development, which ones we use and how we evaluate them are key questions for the community. Despite complex runtime tradeoffs due to dynamic compilation and garbage collection required for Java programs, many evaluations still use methodologies developed for C, C++, and Fortran. SPEC, the dominant purveyor of benchmarks, compounded this problem by institutionalizing these methodologies for their Java benchmark suite. This paper recommends benchmarking selection and evaluation methodologies, and introduces the DaCapo benchmarks, a set of open source, client-side Java benchmarks. We demonstrate that the complex interactions of (1) architecture, (2) compiler, (3) virtual machine, (4) memory management, and (5) application require more extensive evaluation than C, C++, and Fortran which stress (4) much less, and do not require (3). We use and introduce new value, time-series, and statistical metrics for static and dynamic properties such as code complexity, code size, heap composition, and pointer mutations. No benchmark suite is definitive, but these metrics show that DaCapo improves over SPEC Java in a variety of ways, including more complex code, richer object behaviors, and more demanding memory system requirements. This paper takes a step towards improving methodologies for choosing and evaluating benchmarks to foster innovation in system design and implementation for Java and other managed languages. Copyright © 2006 acm.

关键词： Java programming language

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