We describe a set of application frameworks designed especially to support information-intensive applications in complex domains, where the visual organization of an application's information is critical. Our fram...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0897915496
We describe a set of application frameworks designed especially to support information-intensive applications in complex domains, where the visual organization of an application's information is critical. Our frameworks, called visual formalisms, provide the semantic structures and editing operations, as well as the visual layout algorithms, needed to create a complete application. Examples of visual formalisms include tables, panels, graphs, and outlines. They are designed to be extended both by programmers, through subclassing, and by end users, through an integrated extension language.
Tracking both hands in free-space with accompanying speech input can augment the user's ability to communicate with computers. This paper discusses the kinds of situations which call for two-handed input and not j...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0897915496
Tracking both hands in free-space with accompanying speech input can augment the user's ability to communicate with computers. This paper discusses the kinds of situations which call for two-handed input and not just the single hand, and reports a prototype in which two-handed gestures serve to input concepts, both static and dynamic, manipulate displayed items, and specify actions to be taken. Future directions include enlargement of the vocabulary of two-handed “coverbal” gestures and the modulation by gaze of gestural intent.
A new mechanism based on taps is introduced to separate the output from the application code in graphical interactive interfaces. The mechanism is implemented in GINA, an object-oriented application framework. Taps ma...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0897915496
A new mechanism based on taps is introduced to separate the output from the application code in graphical interactive interfaces. The mechanism is implemented in GINA, an object-oriented application framework. Taps maintain a functional mapping from application data to interface objects that is described in a general-purpose programming language. Taps are triggered automatically by user actions. Compared to constraints or the MVC model, taps do not need execution or memory support from the application objects, at the expense of a performance penalty. Screen updates, which pose the largest performance problem, are minimized by checking for attribute changes and window visibility. A comparison operation is used to maintain structural consistency between hierarchies of application and interface objects. Taps can be defined interactively using formulas in a spreadsheet-like tool.
The new media types used in advance userinterfaces and interactive systems introduce time as a significant variable. This paper addresses the architectural support and programming tools that should be provided to the...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0897915496
The new media types used in advance userinterfaces and interactive systems introduce time as a significant variable. This paper addresses the architectural support and programming tools that should be provided to the programmer to manage the time dependencies. The approach considers that the basic models and programming paradigms adopted in the manipulation and management of time should be isomorphic with the spatial models used in existing graphical user *** paper describes the architectural principles of a toolkit designed to support the construction of userinterfaces with temporal characteristics. The Ttoolkit is an extension of an existing graphical userinterface toolkit, the Xt toolkit. Its design is presented and a sample application is described.
userinterface toolkits and higher-level tools built on top of them play an ever increasing part in developing graphical userinterfaces. This paper describes the XIT system, a userinterface development tool for the ...
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This paper presents a demonstrational interface builder with improved reasoning capabilities. The system is comprised of two major components: an interactive display manager and a rule-based reasoner. The display mana...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0897915496
This paper presents a demonstrational interface builder with improved reasoning capabilities. The system is comprised of two major components: an interactive display manager and a rule-based reasoner. The display manager provides facilities to draw the physical appearance of an interface and define interface behavior by graphical demonstration. The behavior is defined using a technique of stimulus-response demonstrations. With this technique, an interface developer first demonstrates a stimulus that represents an action that an end user will perform on the interface. After the stimulus, the developer demonstrates the response(s) that should result from the given stimulus. As the behavior is demonstrated, the reasoner observes the demonstrations and draws inferences to expedite behavior definition. The inferences entail generalizing from specific behavior demonstrations and identifying constraints that define the generalized behavior. Once behavior constraints are identified, the reasoner sends them to the display manager to complete the definition process. When the interface is executed by an end-user, the display manager uses the constraints to implement the run-time behavior of the interface.
This paper describes work to provide mappings between Xbased graphical interfaces and auditory interfaces. In our system, dubbed Mercator, this mapping is transparent to applications. The primary motivation for this w...
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