Researchers have been investigating shape-changing interfaces, however technologies for thin, reversible shape change remain complicated to fabricate. uniMorph is an enabling technology for rapid digital fabrication o...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450337793
Researchers have been investigating shape-changing interfaces, however technologies for thin, reversible shape change remain complicated to fabricate. uniMorph is an enabling technology for rapid digital fabrication of customized thin-film shape-changing interfaces. By combining the thermoelectric characteristics of copper with the high thermal expansion rate of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, we are able to actuate the shape of flexible circuit composites directly. The shape-changing actuation is enabled by a temperature driven mechanism and reduces the complexity of fabrication for thin shape-changing interfaces. In this paper we describe how to design and fabricate thin uniMorph composites. We present composites that are actuated by either environmental temperature changes or active heating of embedded structures and provide a systematic overview of shape-changing primitives. Finally, we present different sensing techniques that leverage the existing copper structures or can be seamlessly embedded into the uniMorph composite. To demonstrate the wide applicability of uniMorph, we present several applications in ubiquitous and mobile computing.
Programming by Examples (PBE) has the potential to revolutionize end-user programming by enabling end users, most of whom are non-programmers, to create small scripts for automating repetitive tasks. However, examples...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450337793
Programming by Examples (PBE) has the potential to revolutionize end-user programming by enabling end users, most of whom are non-programmers, to create small scripts for automating repetitive tasks. However, examples, though often easy to provide, are an ambiguous specification of the user's intent. Because of that, a key impedance in adoption of PBE systems is the lack of user confidence in the correctness of the program that was synthesized by the system. We present two novel user interaction models that communicate actionable information to the user to help resolve ambiguity in the examples. One of these models allows the user to effectively navigate between the huge set of programs that are consistent with the examples provided by the user. The other model uses active learning to ask directed example-based questions to the user on the test input data over which the user intends to run the synthesized program. Our user studies show that each of these models significantly reduces the number of errors in the performed task without any difference in completion time. Moreover, both models are perceived as useful, and the proactive active-learning based model has a slightly higher preference regarding the users' confidence in the result.
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) holds increasing potential for Brain-Computer interfaces (BCI) due to its portability, ease of application, robustness to movement artifacts, and relatively low cost. The ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450337793
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) holds increasing potential for Brain-Computer interfaces (BCI) due to its portability, ease of application, robustness to movement artifacts, and relatively low cost. The use of fNIRS to support the development of affective BCI has received comparatively less attention, despite the role played by the prefrontal cortex in affective control, and the appropriateness of fNIRS to measure prefrontal activity. We present an active, fNIRS-based neurofeedback (NF) interface, which uses differential changes in oxygenation between the left and right sides of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to operationalize BCI input. The system is activated by users generating a state of anger, which has been previously linked to increased left prefrontal asymmetry. We have incorporated this NF interface into an experimental platform adapted from a virtual 3D narrative, in which users can express anger at a virtual character perceived as evil, causing the character to disappear progressively. Eleven subjects used the system and were able to successfully perform NF despite minimal training. Extensive analysis confirms that success was associated with the intent to express anger. This has positive implications for the design of affective BCI based on prefrontal asymmetry.
While current mobile devices detect the presence of surrounding devices, they lack a truly spatial awareness to bring them into the user's natural 3D space. We present Tracko, a 3D tracking system between two or m...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450337793
While current mobile devices detect the presence of surrounding devices, they lack a truly spatial awareness to bring them into the user's natural 3D space. We present Tracko, a 3D tracking system between two or more commodity devices without added components or device synchronization. Tracko achieves this by fusing three signal types. 1) Tracko infers the presence of and rough distance to other devices from the strength of Bluetooth low energy signals. 2) Tracko exchanges a series of inaudible stereo sounds and derives a set of accurate distances between devices from the difference in their arrival times. A Kalman filter integrates both signal cues to place collocated devices in a shared 3D space, combining the robustness of Bluetooth with the accuracy of audio signals for relative 3D tracking. 3) Tracko incorporates inertial sensors to refine 3D estimates and support quick interactions. Tracko robustly tracks devices in 3D with a mean error of 6.5 cm within 0.5 m and a 15.3 cm error within 1 m, which validates Trackoffs suitability for cross-device interactions.
Searching for scenes in movies is a time-consuming but crucial task for film studies scholars, film professionals, and new media artists. In pilot interviews we have found that such users search for a wide variety of ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450337793
Searching for scenes in movies is a time-consuming but crucial task for film studies scholars, film professionals, and new media artists. In pilot interviews we have found that such users search for a wide variety of clips-e.g., actions, props, dialogue phrases, character performances, locations-and they return to particular scenes they have seen in the past. Today, these users find relevant clips by watching the entire movie, scrubbing the video timeline, or navigating via DVD chapter menus. Increasingly, users can also index films through transcripts-however, dialogue often lacks visual context, character names, and high level event descriptions. We introduce SceneSkim, a tool for searching and browsing movies using synchronized captions, scripts and plot summaries. Our interface integrates information from such sources to allow expressive search at several levels of granularity: Captions provide access to accurate dialogue, scripts describe shot-by-shot actions and settings, and plot summaries contain high-level event descriptions. We propose new algorithms for finding word-level caption to script alignments, parsing text scripts, and aligning plot summaries to scripts. Film studies graduate students evaluating SceneSkim expressed enthusiasm about the usability of the proposed system for their research and teaching.
In this demo, we present RichReview, a multi-modal peer discussion system, implemented as an XBlock in the edX courseware platform. The system brings richness similar to face-to-face communication into online learning...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450337809
In this demo, we present RichReview, a multi-modal peer discussion system, implemented as an XBlock in the edX courseware platform. The system brings richness similar to face-to-face communication into online learning at scale. With this demonstration, we discuss the system's scalable back-end architecture, semantic voice editing userinterface, and a future research plan for the profile based groupassignment scheme.
The proceedings contain 49 papers. The topics discussed include: PUCs: detecting transparent, passive untouched capacitive widgets on unmodified multi-touch displays;the nudging technique: input method without fine-gr...
ISBN:
(纸本)9781450324069
The proceedings contain 49 papers. The topics discussed include: PUCs: detecting transparent, passive untouched capacitive widgets on unmodified multi-touch displays;the nudging technique: input method without fine-grained pointing by pushing a segment;QOOK: a new physical-virtual coupling experience for active reading;PhysInk: sketching physical behavior;foreign Manga reader: learn grammar and pronunciation while reading comics;inkjet-printed conductive patterns for physical manipulation of audio signals;ambient surface: enhancing interface capabilities of mobile objects aided by ambient environment;sensor design and interaction techniques for gestural input to smart glasses and mobile devices;and integrated visual representations for programming with real-world input and output.
software messaging frameworks help avoid errors and reduce engineering effort in building distributed systems by (i) providing an interface definition language (IDL) to precisely specify the structure of the message (...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450338561
software messaging frameworks help avoid errors and reduce engineering effort in building distributed systems by (i) providing an interface definition language (IDL) to precisely specify the structure of the message (the message schema) and (ii) automatically generating the serialization and deserialization functions that transform user data structures into binary data for sending across the network and vice versa. Similarly, a hardware-accelerated system that consists of host software and multiple FPGAs, could also benefit from a messaging framework to handle messages both between software and FPGA and also between different FPGAs. The key challenge for a hardware messaging framework is that it must be able to support large messages with complex schema while meeting critical constraints such as clock frequency, area, and throughput. We present HGum, a messaging framework for hardware accelerators that meets all the above requirements. HGum is able to generate high-performance and low-cost hardware logic by employing a novel design that algorithmically parses the message schema to perform serialization and deserialization. Our evaluation of HGum shows that it not only significantly reduces engineering effort but also generates hardware with comparable quality to manual implementation.
Current user-interaction with optical gesture tracking technologies suffer from occlusions, limiting the functionality to direct line-of-sight. We introduce RFlow, a compact, medium-range interface based on Radio Freq...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450337809
Current user-interaction with optical gesture tracking technologies suffer from occlusions, limiting the functionality to direct line-of-sight. We introduce RFlow, a compact, medium-range interface based on Radio Frequency (RF) that enables camera-free tracking of the position of a moving hand through drywall and other occluders. Our system uses Time of Flight (TOF) RF sensors and speed-based segmentation to localize the hand of a single user with 5cm accuracy (as measured to the closest ground-truth point), enabling an interface which is not restricted to a training set.
Ten-finger freehand mid-air typing is a potential solution for post-desktop interaction. However, the absence of tactile feedback as well as the inability to accurately distinguish tapping finger or target keys exists...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450337793
Ten-finger freehand mid-air typing is a potential solution for post-desktop interaction. However, the absence of tactile feedback as well as the inability to accurately distinguish tapping finger or target keys exists as the major challenge for mid-air typing. In this paper, we present ATK, a novel interaction technique that enables freehand ten-finger typing in the air based on 3D hand tracking data. Our hypothesis is that expert typists are able to transfer their typing ability from physical keyboards to mid-air typing. We followed an iterative approach in designing ATK. We first empirically investigated users' mid-air typing behavior, and examined fingertip kinematics during tapping, correlated movement among fingers and 3D distribution of tapping endpoints. Based on the findings, we proposed a probabilistic tap detection algorithm, and augmented Goodman's input correction model to account for the ambiguity in distinguishing tapping finger. We finally evaluated the performance of ATK with a 4-block study. Participants typed 23.0 WPM with an uncorrected word-level error rate of 0.3% in the first block, and later achieved 29.2 WPM in the last block without sacrificing accuracy.
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