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29th acm International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating systems (ASPLOS)

作者： Tan, Siwei Lu, Liqiang Zhang, Hanyu Yu, Jia Lang, Congliang Shang, Yongheng Zhao, Xinkui Chen, Mingshuai Liang, Yun Yin, Jianwei Zhejiang Univ Hangzhou Peoples R China Peking Univ Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400703850

Quantum readout noise turns out to be the most significant source of error, which greatly affects the measurement fidelity. Matrix-based calibration has been demonstrated to be effective in various quantum platforms. However, existing methodologies are fundamentally limited in either scalability or accuracy. Inspired by the classical finite element method (FEM), a formal method to model the complex interaction between elements, we present our calibration framework named QuFEM. First, we apply a divide-and-conquer strategy that formulates the calibration as a series of tensor products with noise matrices. This matrices are iteratively characterized together with the calibrated probability distribution, aiming to capture the inherent locality of qubit interactions. Then, to accelerate the end-to-end calibration, we propose a sparse tensor-product engine to exploit the sparsity in the intermediate values. Our experiments show that QuFEM achieves 2.5x103x speedup in the 136-qubit calibration compared to the state-of-the-art matrix-based calibration technique [50], and provides 1.2x and 1.4x fidelity improvement on the 18-qubit and 36-qubit real-world quantum devices.

关键词： quantum computing readout calibration quantum error mitigation

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Proactive Telemetry in Large-Scale Multi-Tenant Cloud Overlay Networks

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IEEE-acm TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING 2024年第4期32卷 3002-3017页

作者： Zhu, Shunmin Lu, Jianyuan Lyu, Biao Pan, Tian Zhang, Shize Sun, Xiaoqing Jia, Chenhao Cheng, Xin Kang, Daxiang Lv, Yilong Yang, Fukun Xue, Xiaobo Yang, Xihui Wang, Zhiliang Yang, Jiahai Tsinghua Univ Inst Network Sci & Cyberspace BNRist Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Alibaba Grp Hangzhou 310052 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Coll Control Sci & Engn Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Zhongguancun Lab Beijing 100094 Peoples R China Quan Cheng Lab Jinan 250103 Peoples R China

At present, public clouds have served millions of tenants. To provide reliable services, cloud vendors need to perceive health status of the cloud network by building a telemetry system to detect possible network failures. While telemetry systems for physical networks have been extensively studied, research on telemetry systems for virtual networks is still insufficient. Different from physical networks, we conclude that building a virtual network telemetry system faces new challenges of feasibility, efficiency, and effectiveness. Specifically, we need to 1) protect privacy of tenants and adapt to heterogeneous middleboxes at the data plane;2) handle frequent virtual network topology updates and compress large-scale measurement paths for millions of tenants at the control plane;3) analyze telemetry results to locate network failures at the analysis plane. To address these challenges, we present Zoonet, a proactive virtual network telemetry system for multi-tenant clouds. At the data plane, Zoonet uses host agent and arp-ping to protect tenants' privacy and defines an elegant generalization of ping and traceroute, which can work on heterogeneous middleboxes. At the control plane, Zoonet conducts update batch processing and substantial probing path pruning to lessen the overhead. At the analysis plane, Zoonet reduces noises and aggregates alerts based on temporal and spatial correlation and conducts the hop-by-hop telemetry mode to locate failures. Zoonet has been deployed in Alibaba Cloud for over two years, covering tens of cloud regions, hundreds of thousands of servers. We become increasingly reliant on Zoonet as it reduces 86% of the personnel engaged in troubleshooting.

关键词： Telemetry Cloud computing Middleboxes Topology Probes Network topology Logic gates Public cloud vitrual network proactive telemetry system

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Traffic Signal Preemption and Prioritization for High-Density Road Networks: On the analysis and Evaluation of the TCROS Protocol for the Areas with Small Street Blocks 24

Traffic Signal Preemption and Prioritization for High-Densit...

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39th Annual acm Symposium on Applied computing, SAC 2024

作者： Wu, Chun Ting Hsu, Yung-Jen Tu, Chia-Heng Wang, Shaohua National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798400702433

Traffic signal priority and preemption modify the traffic signals, offering priority to specific vehicle types, such as buses, streetcars, or emergency vehicles. Specialized hardware and software systems are developed to facilitate the preemption and prioritization signal application (PPSA). Nevertheless, the international standards and the existing research works focus on providing a solid foundation for the application, rather than deploying them in high-density road networks, where the distances between two consecutive intersections are shorter than typical roads and are commonly seen in Southeast Asia cities. The shorter distances between intersections result in less time for the vehicle drivers to react when the PPSA does not grant their request, raising safety concerns. This work proposes a software framework for the PPSA, including a detailed analysis of the international standards related to PPSA, a timely response mechanism (to provide a longer reaction time after thoroughly analyzing the standards for exchanging messages), and a time estimation model (to evaluate if the system configurations have safety concerns). Experiments are conducted on our prototype system with actual hardware platforms. The experimental results show the proposed framework works well for high-density road networks. The time estimation model can be used to assess the traffic safety of PPSA systems under different system configurations. The proposed framework, standard protocol analysis, and time estimation model can be used by system designers to improve the safety and efficiency of PPSA systems, especially in areas with small street blocks. © 2024 Copyright is held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to acm.

关键词： Roads and streets

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Safety Certificates of Stochastic Cyber-Physical systems with Wireless Communication Networks 27

Safety Certificates of Stochastic Cyber-Physical Systems wit...

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27th acm International Conference on Hybrid systems: Computation and Control, HSCC 2024

作者： Akbarzadeh, Omid Lavaei, Abolfazl School of Computing Newcastle University Newcastle United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798400705229

In this work, we propose a formal framework for safety controller synthesis of stochastic control systems with both process and measurement noises while considering wireless communication networks between sensors, controllers, and actuators. The proposed scheme relies on the utilization of control barrier certificates (CBC), enabling us to offer probabilistic safety certifications for wirelessly connected stochastic systems. Despite the existing literature on designing control barrier certificates, wireless communication networks have not been taken into account to address potential packet losses and end-to-end delays, a critical consideration for safety-critical real-world applications. In our proposed scenario, the primary aim is to construct a control barrier certificate alongside a safety controller, ensuring a lower bound on the probability of satisfying the safety property within a finite time horizon. We showcase the efficacy of our approach through multiple physical case studies involving communication networks, including a permanent magnet synchronous motor, vehicle lane-keeping system, and Moore-Greitzer jet engine with nonlinear dynamics. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Cyber Physical System

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A Microservices Architecture Toolkit for Interconnected Science Ecosystems

A Microservices Architecture Toolkit for Interconnected Scie...

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2024 Workshops of the International Conference for High Performance computing, Networking, Storage and analysis, SC Workshops 2024

作者： Brim, Michael J. Drane, Lance Mcdonnell, Marshall Engelmann, Christian Thakur, Addi Malviya Oak Ridge National Laboratory National Center for Computational Sciences Oak RidgeTN United States Oak Ridge National Laboratory Computer Science and Mathematics Division Oak RidgeTN United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350355543

Microservices architecture is a promising approach for developing reusable scientific workflow capabilities for integrating diverse resources, such as experimental and observational instruments and advanced computational and data management systems, across many distributed organizations and facilities. In this paper, we describe how the INTERSECT Open Architecture leverages federated systems of microservices to construct interconnected science ecosystems, review how the INTERSECT software development kit eases microservice capability development, and demonstrate the use of such capabilities for deploying an example multi-facility INTERSECT ecosystem. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Application programming interfaces Scientific computing Software architecture

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VEED: Video Encoding Energy and CO2 Emissions Dataset for AWS EC2 instances 24

VEED: Video Encoding Energy and CO2 Emissions Dataset for AW...

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15th acm Multimedia systems Conference (acm MMSys)

作者： Linder, Sandro Afzal, Samira Bauer, Christian Amirpour, Hadi Prodan, Radu Timmerer, Christian Alpen Adria Univ Klagenfurt Inst Informat Technol ITEC Klagenfurt Austria Alpen Adria Univ Klagenfurt Christian Doppler Lab ATHENA Klagenfurt Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9798400704123

Video streaming constitutes 65 % of global internet traffic, prompting an investigation into its energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Video encoding, a computationally intensive part of streaming, has moved to cloud computing for its scalability and flexibility. However, cloud data centers' energy consumption, especially video encoding, poses environmental challenges. This paper presents VEED, a FAIR Video Encoding Energy and CO2 Emissions Dataset for Amazon Web Services (AWS) EC2 instances. Additionally, the dataset also contains the duration, CPU utilization, and cost of the encoding. To prepare this dataset, we introduce a model and conduct a benchmark to estimate the energy and CO2 emissions of different Amazon EC2 instances during the encoding of 500 video segments with various complexities and resolutions using Advanced Video Coding (AVC) and High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). VEED and its analysis can provide valuable insights for video researchers and engineers to model energy consumption, manage energy resources, and distribute workloads, contributing to the sustainability of cloud-based video encoding and making them cost-effective. VEED is available at https://***/cd-athena/VEED-dataset.

关键词： Video encoding cloud computing energy consumption CO2 emission dataset

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Cryptography in the Wild: An Empirical analysis of Vulnerabilities in Cryptographic Libraries 19

Cryptography in the Wild: An Empirical Analysis of Vulnerabi...

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19th acm Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security (acm AsiaCCS)

作者： Blessing, Jenny Specter, Michael A. Weitzner, Daniel J. Univ Cambridge Cambridge England Georgia Inst Technol Atlanta GA USA MIT Cambridge MA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798400704826

The security of the Internet and numerous other applications rests on a small number of open-source cryptographic libraries: A vulnerability in any one of them threatens to compromise a significant percentage of web traffic. Despite this potential for security impact, the characteristics and causes of vulnerabilities in cryptographic software are not well understood. In this work, we conduct the first systematic, longitudinal analysis of cryptographic libraries and the vulnerabilities they produce. We collect data from the National Vulnerability Database, individual project repositories and mailing lists, and other relevant sources for all widely used cryptographic libraries. In our investigation of the causes of these vulnerabilities, we find evidence of a correlation between the complexity of these libraries and their (in)security, empirically demonstrating the potential risks of bloated cryptographic codebases. Among our most interesting findings is that 48.4% of vulnerabilities in libraries written in C and C++ are either primarily caused or exacerbated by memory safety issues, indicating that systems-level bugs are a major contributor to security issues in these systems. Cryptographic design and implementation issues make up 27.5% of vulnerabilities across all libraries, with side-channel attacks providing a further 19.4%. We find substantial variation among core library components in both complexity levels and vulnerabilities produced: for instance, over one-third of vulnerabilities are located in implementations of the SSL/TLS protocols, providing actionable evidence for codebase quality and security improvements in these libraries.

关键词： Cryptography Vulnerabilities Complexity Cryptography Libraries

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FCM: A Fusion-aware Wire Cutting Approach for measurement-based Quantum computing 24

FCM: A Fusion-aware Wire Cutting Approach for Measurement-ba...

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61st acm/IEEE Design Automation Conference, DAC 2024

作者： Mo, Zewei Li, Yingheng Pawar, Aditya Tang, Xulong Yang, Jun Zhang, Youtao University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706011

measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC) is a promising quantum computing paradigm that carries out computation through one-way measurements on entangled photon qubits. Practical photonic hardware first generates a 2D mesh of resource states with each being a small number of entangled photon qubits and then exploits fusion operations to connect resource states to scale up the computation. Given that the fusion operation is highly error-prone, it is important to reduce the number of fusions for an MBQC *** this paper, we propose FCM, a fusion-aware scheme that exploits wire cutting to improve the fidelity of MBQC. By cutting a large MBQC circuit into several smaller subcircuits, FCM effectively reduces the number of fusions in each subcircuit and thus improves the computation fidelity. Given circuit cutting requires classical post-processing to combine the results of subcircuits, FCM strives to achieve the best cutting strategy under different settings. Evaluation of representative benchmarks demonstrates that, when cutting a large circuit to two subcircuits, FCM reduces the maximum number of fusions of all subcircuits by 59.6% on average (up to 69.1%). © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Qubits

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proceedings of the 38th acm/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied computing, SAC 2023

Proceedings of the 38th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Comp...

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38th Annual acm Symposium on Applied computing, SAC 2023

ISBN: (纸本)9781450395175

The proceedings contain 259 papers. The topics discussed include: EdGCon: auto-assigner of iconicity ratings grounded by lexical properties to aid in generation of technical gestures;a semantic evidence-based approach to continuous cloud service certification;digital forgetting using key decay;on the measurement of performance metrics for virtualization-enhanced architectures;COSTA: a cost-driven solution for migrating applications in multi-cloud environments;towards a high-interaction physics-aware honeynet for industrial control systems;enhancing polar codes efficiency on 3D flash memory by exploiting multiple error variations;traffic intersections as agents: a model checking approach for analyzing communicating agents;an extensible framework for implementing byzantine fault-tolerant protocols;detection of adversarial attacks by observing deep features with structured data algorithms;and proof of swarm based ensemble learning for federated learning applications.

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From Clicks to Carbon: The Environmental Toll of Recommender systems 24

From Clicks to Carbon: The Environmental Toll of Recommender...

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18h acm Conference on Recommender systems (RecSys)

作者： Vente, Tobias Wegmeth, Lukas Said, Alan Beel, Joeran Univ Siegen Intelligent Syst Grp Siegen Germany Univ Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9798400705052

As global warming soars, the need to assess the environmental impact of research is becoming increasingly urgent. Despite this, few recommender systems research papers address their environmental impact. In this study, we estimate the environmental impact of recommender systems research by reproducing typical experimental pipelines. Our analysis spans 79 full papers from the 2013 and 2023 acm RecSys conferences, comparing traditional "good old-fashioned AI" algorithms with modern deep learning algorithms. We designed and reproduced representative experimental pipelines for both years, measuring energy consumption with a hardware energy meter and converting it to CO2 equivalents. Our results show that papers using deep learning algorithms emit approximately 42 times more CO2 equivalents than papers using traditional methods. On average, a single deep learning-based paper generates 3,297 kilograms of CO2 equivalents-more than the carbon emissions of one person flying from New York City to Melbourne or the amount of CO2 one tree sequesters over 300 years.

关键词： Recommender systems Reproducibility Carbon Footprint Deep Learning Energy Consumption Green computing GreenRecSys

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