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ieee symposium on Information visualization (INFOVIS)

作者： M.C. Chuah S.G. Eick Sch. of Comput. Sci. Carnegie Mellon Univ. Pittsburgh PA USA Bell Laboratories Naperville IL USA

Managing large projects is a very challenging task requiring the tracking and scheduling of many resources. Although new technologies have made it possible to automatically collect data on project resources, it is very difficult to access this data because of its size and lack of structure. We present three novel glyphs for simplifying this process and apply them to visualizing statistics from a multi-million line software project. These glyphs address four important needs in project management: viewing time dependent data; managing large data volumes; dealing with diverse data types; and correspondence of data to real-world concepts.

关键词： Project management data visualization Engineering management Human resource management Computer science Resource management Processor scheduling Statistics Software engineering Production

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Cacti: a front end for program visualization

Cacti: a front end for program visualization

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ieee symposium on Information visualization (INFOVIS)

作者： S.P. Reiss Department of Computer Science Brown University Providence RI USA

We describe a system that allows the user to rapidly construct program visualizations over a variety of data sources. Such a system is a necessary foundation for using visualization as an aid to software understanding. The system supports an arbitrary set of data sources so that information from both static and dynamic analysis can be combined to offer meaningful software visualizations. It provides the user with a visual universal-relation front end that supports the definition of queries over multiple data sources without knowledge of the structure or contents of the sources. It uses a flexible back end with a range of different visualizations, most geared to the efficient display of large amounts of data. The result is a high-quality, easy-to-define program visualization that can address specific problems and hence is useful for software understanding. The overall system is flexible and extensible in that both the underlying data model and the set of visualizations are defined in resource files.

关键词： data visualization Software maintenance Information analysis Software standards Computer science Displays Software quality data models Programming profession Timing

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Visualizing information on a sphere

Visualizing information on a sphere

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ieee symposium on Information visualization (INFOVIS)

作者： M.H. Gross T.C. Sprenger J. Finger Department of Computer Science Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich Switzerland Department of Computer Science University of Freiburg Germany

We describe a method for the visualization of information units on spherical domains which is employed in the banking industry for risk analysis, stock prediction and other tasks. The system is based on a quantification of the similarity of related objects that governs the parameters of a mass-spring system. Unlike existing approaches we initialize all information units onto the inner surface of two concentric spheres and attach them with springs to the outer sphere. Since the spring stiffnesses correspond to the computed similarity measures, the system converges into an energy minimum which reveals multidimensional relations and adjacencies in terms of spatial neighborhoods. Depending on the application scenario our approach supports different topological arrangements of related objects. In order to cope with large data sets we propose a blobby clustering mechanism that enables encapsulation of similar objects by implicit shapes. In addition, we implemented various interaction techniques allowing semantic analysis of the underlying data sets. Our prototype system IVORY is written in Java, and its versatility is illustrated by an example from financial service providers.

关键词： data visualization Multidimensional systems Computer science World Wide Web Fingers Banking Computer industry Risk analysis Energy measurement Encapsulation

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H3: laying out large directed graphs in 3D hyperbolic space

H3: laying out large directed graphs in 3D hyperbolic space

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ieee symposium on Information visualization (INFOVIS)

作者： T. Munzner University of Stanford Stanford CA USA

We present the H3 layout technique for drawing large directed graphs as node-link diagrams in 3D hyperbolic space. We can lay out much larger structures than can be handled using traditional techniques for drawing general graphs because we assume a hierarchical nature of the data. We impose a hierarchy on the graph by using domain-specific knowledge to find an appropriate spanning tree. Links which are not part of the spanning tree do not influence the layout but can be selectively drawn by user request. The volume of hyperbolic 3-space increases exponentially, as opposed to the familiar geometric increase of euclidean 3-space. We exploit this exponential amount of room by computing the layout according to the hyperbolic metric. We optimize the cone tree layout algorithm for 3D hyperbolic space by placing children on a hemisphere around the cone mouth instead of on its perimeter. Hyperbolic navigation affords a Focus+Context view of the structure with minimal visual clutter. We have successfully laid out hierarchies of over 20,000 nodes. Our implementation accommodates navigation through graphs too large to be rendered interactively by allowing the user to explicitly prune or expand subtrees.

关键词： Tree graphs visualization Navigation Mouth Information systems Computer science File systems Web sites Web page design History

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ASCI applications 97

ASCI applications

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International symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing

作者： C. McMillan Lawrence Livemore National Laboratory USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780818681172

In discussions of ASCI, the high-profile procurements of large computers frequently figure prominently. However, from the outset of the ASCI program, applications have been recognized as the driver. These applications feature complex, multi-physics simulations of natural phenomena that generate massive data sets as output. As we have moved from computing systems dominated by parallel vector processing to massively parallel processing we have designed new applications from the ground up to take advantage of the new capabilities. Early payoffs from this effort include running problems that are one to two orders of magnitude larger than any we have been able to run in the past. With these larger problems, we are begining the computational exploration of domains in physics, chemistry and engineering that were previously closed. As we write these codes, issues associated with languages, debuggers and visualization tools have quickly risen to the surface. The process of running large problems has strained the computational infrastructure almost to the breaking point but indicates the direction for future work.

关键词： Application software Laboratories Procurement Concurrent computing parallel processing Process design Physics computing Chemistry visualization Contracts

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Acquisition and stereoscopic visualization of three-dimensional ultrasonic breast data

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ieee TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 1996年第4期43卷 576-580页

作者： Hernandez, A Basset, O Dautraix, I Magnin, IE Centre de Recherche Villeurbanne France

A motorized mechanical setup has been designed to provide a series of two-dimensional (2-D) parallel echographic slices of the breast from the regular translation of a linear phased array transducer, During the acquisition step, the breast is compressed between a plane support and a plexiglass plate to avoid breast motions. A stereoscopic computer graphic method has been developed for the visualization of such three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasonic data. Experiments on an agar gel phantom and on in vivo female breasts have been performed.

关键词： series (mathematics) visualization COMPUTER graphics Stereoscopic Human Mammary Glands phased array Breast Polymethyl Methacrylate Stereo image processing

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Cube-4-a scalable architecture for real-time volume rendering

Cube-4-a scalable architecture for real-time volume renderin...

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ieee symposium on Volume visualization and graphics

作者： H. Pfister A. Kaufman Department of Computer Science State University of New York Stony Brook Stony Brook NY USA

We present Cube-4, a special-purpose volume rendering architecture that is capable of rendering high-resolution (e.g., 1024/sup 3/) datasets at 30 frames per second. The underlying algorithm, called slice-parallel ray-casting, uses tri-linear interpolation of samples between data slices for parallel and perspective projections. The architecture uses a distributed interleaved memory, several parallel processing pipelines, and an innovative parallel data flow scheme that requires no global communication, except at the pixel level. This leads to local, fixed bandwidth interconnections and has the benefits of high memory bandwidth, real-time data input, modularity, and scalability. We have simulated the architecture and have implemented a working prototype of the complete hardware on a configurable custom hardware machine. Our results indicate true real-time performance for high-resolution datasets and linear scalability of performance with the number of processing pipelines.

关键词： Rendering (computer graphics) Hardware Computer architecture Pipelines Bandwidth Solid modeling Computer graphics data visualization Costs Computer science

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Direct volume rendering with shading via three-dimensional textures

Direct volume rendering with shading via three-dimensional t...

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ieee symposium on Volume visualization and graphics

作者： A. Van Gelder K. Kim Computer Science Department University of California Santa Cruz CA USA Computer Science Department University of California Santa Cruz USA University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA US

A new and easy-to-implement method for direct volume rendering that uses 3D texture maps for acceleration, and incorporates directional lighting, is described. The implementation, called Voltx, produces high-quality images at nearly interactive speeds on workstations with hardware support for three-dimensional texture maps. Previously reported methods did not incorporate a light model, and did not address issues of multiple texture maps for large volumes. Our research shows that these extensions impact performance by about a factor of ten. Voltx supports orthographic, perspective, and stereo views. This paper describes the theory and implementation of this technique, and compares it to the shear-warp factorization approach. A rectilinear data set is converted into a three-dimensional texture map containing color and opacity information. Quantized normal vectors and a lookup table provide efficiency. A new tesselation of the sphere is described, which serves as the basis for normal-vector quantization. A new gradient-based shading criterion is described, in which the gradient magnitude is interpreted in the context of the field-data value and the material classification parameters, and not in isolation. In the rendering phase, the texture map is applied to a stack of parallel planes, which effectively cut the texture into many slabs. The slabs are composited to form an image.

关键词： Rendering (computer graphics) Hardware Acceleration Slabs Degradation Workstations Table lookup Quantization Computer graphics visualization

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Hardware assisted volume rendering of unstructured grids by incremental slicing

Hardware assisted volume rendering of unstructured grids by ...

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ieee symposium on Volume visualization and graphics

作者： R. Yagel D.M. Reed A. Law Po-Wen Shih N. Shareef Department of Computer and Information Science Ohio State Uinversity USA

Some of the more important research results in computational science rely on the use of simulation methods that operate on unstructured grids. However, these grids, composed of a set of polyhedra, introduce exceptional problems with respect to data visualization. Volume rendering techniques, originally developed to handle rectangular grids, show significant promise for general use with unstructured grids as well. The main disadvantage of this approach, compared to isosurfaces, particles or other visualization tools is its non-interactive performance. We describe an efficient method for rendering unstructured grids that is based on incremental slicing and hardware polygon rendering. For a given view direction, the grid vertices are transformed to image space using available graphics hardware. We then incrementally compute the 2D polygon-meshes that result from letting a set of planes, parallel to the screen plane, intersect (slice) the transformed grid. Finally, we use the graphics hardware to render (interpolate-fill) the polygon-meshes and composite them in visibility order. We show that, in addition to being faster than existing methods, our approach also provides adaptive control and progressive image generation. The adaptive method provides user control to ensure that the contribution of every cell is included in the final image or to limit the number of cells that are missed.

关键词： Hardware Rendering (computer graphics) Grid computing data visualization graphics Adaptive control Computational modeling Isosurfaces Concurrent computing Image generation

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Remote interactive visualization and analysis (RIVA) using parallel supercomputers 95

Remote interactive visualization and analysis (RIVA) using p...

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proceedings of the 1995 parallel Rendering symposium

作者： Li, P.Peggy Duquette, William H. Curkendall, David W. Jet Propulsion Lab Pasadena CA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780897917742

JPL's Remote Interactive visualization and Analysis System (RIVA) is described in detail. RIVA's kernel is a highly scalable perspective renderer tailored especially for the demands of large datasets beyond the sensible reach of workstations. The algorithmic details of this renderer are described, particularly the aspects key to achieving the algorithm's overall scalability. The paper summarizes the performance achieved for machine sizes up to more than 500 nodes and for initial input image/terrain bases of up to a gigabyte. The RIVA system integrates workstation graphics, massively parallel computing technology, and gigabit communication networks to provide a flexible interactive environment for scientific data perusal, analysis and visualization. Early experience with using RIVA to interactively explore multivariate datasets is reported and some example results given.

关键词： Interactive computer graphics

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