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Synchronous Linear Context-Free Rewriting Systems for Machine translation 7

Synchronous Linear Context-Free Rewriting Systems for Machin...

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7th workshop on syntax, Semantics and structure in statistical translation, SSST 2013

作者： Kaeshammer, Miriam University of D¨usseldorf Universiẗatsstraße 1 Düsseldorf40225 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781937284473

We propose synchronous linear context-free rewriting systems as an extension to synchronous context-free grammars in which synchronized non-terminals span k 1 continuous blocks on each side of the bitext. Such discontinuous constituents are required for inducing certain alignment configurations that occur relatively frequently in manually annotated parallel corpora and that cannot be generated with less expressive grammar formalisms. As part of our investigations concerning the minimal k that is required for inducing manual alignments, we present a hierarchical aligner in form of a deduction system. We find that by restricting k to 2 on both sides, 100% of the data can be covered. ©2013 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Context free grammars

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proceedings of naacl-hlt 2007/amta workshop on syntax and structure in statistical translation, SSST 2007

Proceedings of NAACL-HLT 2007/AMTA Workshop on Syntax and St...

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2007 amta workshop on syntax and structure in statistical translation, SSST 2007 at the 2007 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, naacl-hlt 2007

The proceedings contain 14 papers. The topics discussed include: chunk-level reordering of source language sentences with automatically learned rules for statistical machine translation;extraction phenomena in synchronous TAG syntax and semantics;inversion transduction grammar for joint phrasal translation modeling;factorization of synchronous context-free grammars in linear time;binarization, synchronous binarization, and target-side binarization;machine translation as tree labeling;discriminative word alignment by learning the alignment structure and syntactic divergence between a language pair;generation in machine translation from deep syntactic trees;and combining morphosyntactic enriched representation with n-best reranking in statistical translation.

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CCG Syntactic Reordering Models for Phrase-based Machine translation 7

CCG Syntactic Reordering Models for Phrase-based Machine Tra...

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7th workshop on statistical Machine translation, WMT 2012, immediately following the Conference of the North-American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics - Human Language Technologies, naacl hlt 2012

作者： Mehay, Dennis N. Brew, Chris Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Educational Testing Service PrincetonNJ United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781937284206

statistical phrase-based machine translation requires no linguistic information beyond word-aligned parallel corpora (Zens et al., 2002;Koehn et al., 2003). Unfortunately, this linguistic agnosticism often produces ungrammatical translations. syntax, or sentence structure, could provide guidance to phrasebased systems, but the "non-constituent"word strings that phrase-based decoders manipulate complicate the use of most recursive syntactic tools. We address these issues by using Combinatory Categorial Grammar, or CCG, (Steedman, 2000), which has a much more flexible notion of constituency, thereby providing more labels for putative nonconstituent multiword translation phrases. Using CCG parse charts, we train a syntactic analogue of a lexicalized reordering model by labelling phrase table entries with multiword labels and demonstrate significant improvements in translating between Urdu and English, two language pairs with divergent sentence structure. ©2012 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Syntactics

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Automatic projection of semantic structures: An application to pairwise translation ranking 5

Automatic projection of semantic structures: An application ...

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5th workshop on syntax, Semantics and structure in statistical translation, SSST 2011 at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, ACL hlt 2011

作者： Pighin, Daniele Màrquez, Lluís TALP Research Center Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781932432992

We present a model for the inclusion of semantic role annotations in the framework of confidence estimation for machine translation. The model has several interesting properties, most notably: 1) it only requires a linguistic processor on the (generally well-formed) source side of the translation;2) it does not directly rely on properties of the translation model (hence, it can be applied beyond phrase-based systems). These features make it potentially appealing for system ranking, translation re-ranking and user feedback evaluation. Preliminary experiments in pairwise hypothesis ranking on five confidence estimation benchmarks show that the model has the potential to capture salient aspects of translation quality. © 2011 Association for Computational Linguistics

关键词： Benchmarking

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proceedings of SSST 2009: 3rd workshop on syntax and structure in statistical translation at the 2009 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, naacl-hlt 2009

Proceedings of SSST 2009: 3rd Workshop on Syntax and Structu...

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3rd workshop on syntax and structure in statistical translation, SSST 2009 at the 2009 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, naacl-hlt 2009

ISBN: (纸本)9781932432398

The proceedings contain 10 papers. The topics discussed include: decoding with syntactic and non-syntactic phrases in a syntax-based machine translation system;statistical phrase alignment model using dependency relation probability;empirical lower bounds on alignment error rates in syntax-based machine translation;improving phrase-based translation via word alignments from stochastic inversion transduction grammars;references extension for the automatic evaluation of MT by syntactic hybridization;a study of translation rule classification for syntax-based statistical machine translation;discriminative reordering with Chinese grammatical relations features;and on the complexity of alignment problems in two synchronous grammar formalisms.

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A study of translation rule classification for syntax-based statistical machine translation 3

A study of translation rule classification for syntax-based ...

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作者： Jiang, Hongfei Li, Sheng Yang, Muyun Zhao, Tiejun School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9781932432398

Recently, numerous statistical machine translation models which can utilize various kinds of translation rules are proposed. In these models, not only the conventional syntactic rules but also the non-syntactic rules can be applied. Even the pure phrase rules are includes in some of these models. Although the better performances are reported over the conventional phrase model and syntax model, the mixture of diversified rules still leaves much room for study. In this paper, we present a refined rule classification system. Based on this classification system, the rules are classified according to different standards, such as lexicalization level and generalization. Especially, we refresh the concepts of the structure reordering rules and the discontiguous phrase rules. This novel classification system may supports the SMT research community with some helpful references. © 2009 Association for Computational Linguistics

关键词： Computer aided language translation

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Decoding with syntactic and non-syntactic phrases in a syntax-based machine translation system 3

Decoding with syntactic and non-syntactic phrases in a synta...

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作者： Hanneman, Greg Lavie, Alon Language Technologies Institute Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781932432398

A key concern in building syntax-based machine translation systems is how to improve coverage by incorporating more traditional phrase-based SMT phrase pairs that do not correspond to syntactic constituents. At the same time, it is desirable to include as much syntactic information in the system as possible in order to carry out linguistically motivated reordering, for example. We apply an extended and modified version of the approach of Tinsley et al. (2007), extracting syntax-based phrase pairs from a large parallel parsed corpus, combining them with PBSMT phrases, and performing joint decoding in a syntax-based MT framework without loss of translation quality. This effectively addresses the low coverage of purely syntactic MT without discarding syntactic information. Further, we show the potential for improved translation results with the inclusion of a syntactic grammar. We also introduce a new syntax-prioritized technique for combining syntactic and non-syntactic phrases that reduces overall phrase table size and decoding time by 61%, with only a minimal drop in automatic translation metric scores. © 2009 Association for Computational Linguistics

关键词： Syntactics

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Coupling hierarchical word reordering and decoding in phrase-based statistical machine translation 3

Coupling hierarchical word reordering and decoding in phrase...

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作者： Khalilov, Maxim Fonollosa, José A.R. Dras, Mark Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Campus Nord UPC Barcelona08034 Spain Macquarie University North Ryde NSW Sydney2109 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781932432398

In this paper, we start with the existing idea of taking reordering rules automatically derived from syntactic representations, and applying them in a preprocessing step before translation to make the source sentence structurally more like the target;and we propose a new approach to hierarchically extracting these rules. We evaluate this, combined with a lattice-based decoding, and show improvements over state-of-the-art distortion models. © 2009 Association for Computational Linguistics

关键词： Decoding

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Empirical lower bounds on alignment error rates in syntax-based machine translation 3

Empirical lower bounds on alignment error rates in syntax-ba...

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作者： Søgaard, Anders Kuhn, Jonas Center for Language Technology University of Copenhagen Denmark Dpt. of Linguistics University of Potsdam Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781932432398

The empirical adequacy of synchronous context-free grammars of rank two (2-SCFGs) (Satta and Peserico, 2005), used in syntax-based machine translation systems such as Wu (1997), Zhang et al. (2006) and Chiang (2007), in terms of what alignments they induce, has been discussed in Wu (1997) and Wellington et al. (2006), but with a one-sided focus on so-called "inside-out alignments". Other alignment configurations that cannot be induced by 2-SCFGs are identified in this paper, and their frequencies across a wide collection of hand-aligned parallel corpora are examined. Empirical lower bounds on two measures of alignment error rate, i.e. the one introduced in Och and Ney (2000) and one where only complete translation units are considered, are derived for 2-SCFGs and related formalisms. © 2009 Association for Computational Linguistics

关键词： Alignment

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Reordering model using syntactic information of a source tree for statistical machine translation 3

Reordering model using syntactic information of a source tre...

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作者： Hashimoto, Kei Yamamoto, Hirohumi Okuma, Hideo Sumita, Eiichiro Tokuda, Keiichi Nagoya Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Gokiso-cho Syouwa-ku Aichi Nagoya-city Japan National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Kinki University School of Science and Engineering Department of Informaiton ATR Spoken Language Communication Research Labs

ISBN: (纸本)9781932432398

This paper presents a reordering model using syntactic information of a source tree for phrase-based statistical machine translation. The proposed model is an extension of IST-ITG (imposing source tree on inversion transduction grammar) constraints. In the proposed method, the target-side word order is obtained by rotating nodes of the source-side parse-tree. We modeled the node rotation, monotone or swap, using word alignments based on a training parallel corpus and source-side parse-trees. The model efficiently suppresses erroneous target word orderings, especially global orderings. Furthermore, the proposed method conducts a probabilistic evaluation of target word reorderings. In English-to-Japanese and English-to-Chinese translation experiments, the proposed method resulted in a 0.49-point improvement (29.31 to 29.80) and a 0.33-point improvement (18.60 to 18.93) in word BLEU-4 compared with IST-ITG constraints, respectively. This indicates the validity of the proposed reordering model. © 2009 Association for Computational Linguistics

关键词： Computer aided language translation

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