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Crowd abnormality detection and localization - A matrix decomposition approach 14

Crowd abnormality detection and localization - A matrix deco...

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9th indian conference on computer vision, graphics and image processing, ICVGIP 2014

作者： Gupta, Vikas Biswas, Soma Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India

ISBN: (纸本)1595930361

Abnormality detection in crowded scenes plays a very important role in automatic monitoring of surveillance feeds. Here we present a novel framework for abnormality detection in crowd videos. The key idea of the approach is that rarely or sparsely occurring events correspond to abnormal activities while the commonly occurring events correspond to the normal activities. Given an input video, multiple feature matrices are computed which are decomposed into their low-rank and sparse components, out of which the sparse components correspond to the abnormal activities. The approach does not require any explicit modeling of crowd behavior or training. Localization of the anomalies is obtained as a by-product of the proposed approach by doing an inverse mapping between the entries of the matrix and the pixels in the video frames. The method is very general and can be applied for both sparsely crowded as well as densely crowded scenes and it can be used to detect both global and local abnormalities. Experimental evaluation on two widely used datasets as well as some dense crowd videos downloaded from the web shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Comparison with several state-of-the-art crowd abnormality detection approaches show that the proposed method compares well as compared to the other approaches. Copyright is held by the authors.

关键词： Matrix algebra

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Short local trajectory based moving anomaly detection 14

Short local trajectory based moving anomaly detection

引用

9th indian conference on computer vision, graphics and image processing, ICVGIP 2014

作者： Biswas, Sovan Venkatesh Babu, R. Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India

ISBN: (纸本)1595930361

A high level abstraction of the behavior a moving object can be obtained by analyzing its trajectory. However, traditional trajectories or tracklets are bound by the limitations of the underlying tracking algorithm used. In this paper, we propose a novel idea of detecting anomalous objects amid other moving objects in a video based on its short history. This history is defined as short local trajectory (SLT). The unique approach of generating SLTs from super-pixels belonging to a foreground object that incorporates both spatial and temporal information is the key in detection of anomaly. Additionally, the proposed trajectory extraction is robust across videos having different crowd density, occlusions, etc. Generally the trajectories of persons/objects moving at a particular region under usual conditions has certain fixed characteristics, thus we use Hidden Markov Model (HMM) for capturing the usual trajectory patterns during training. Whereas during detection, the proposed algorithm takes SLTs as observations for each super-pixel and measures its likelihood of being anomaly using the learned HMMs. Furthermore, we compute the spatial consistency measure for each SLT based on the neighboring trajectories. Thus, anomaly detected by the proposed approach is highly localized as demonstrated from the experiments conducted on two widely used anomaly datasets, namely UCSD Ped1 and UCSD Ped2. Copyright 2014 ACM.

关键词： Trajectories

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Active gaze stabilization 14

Active gaze stabilization

引用

9th indian conference on computer vision, graphics and image processing, ICVGIP 2014

作者： Lesmana, Martin Landgren, Axel Forssén, Per-Erik Pai, Dinesh K. Computer Science U. British Columbia Canada Electrical Engineering Linköping University Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)1595930361

We describe a system for active stabilization of cameras mounted on highly dynamic robots. To focus on careful performance evaluation of the stabilization algorithm, we use a camera mounted on a robotic test platform that can have unknown perturbations in the horizontal plane, a commonly occurring scenario in mobile robotics. We show that the camera can be effectively stabilized using an inertial sensor and a single additional motor, without a joint position sensor. The algorithm uses an adaptive controller based on a model of the vertebrate Cerebellum for velocity stabilization, with additional drift correction. We have also developed a resolution adaptive retinal slip algorithm that is robust to motion blur. We evaluated the performance quantitatively using another high speed robot to generate repeatable sequences of large and fast movements that a gaze stabilization system can attempt to counteract. Thanks to the high-accuracy repeatability, we can make a fair comparison of algorithms for gaze stabilization. We show that the resulting system can reduce camera image motion to about one pixel per frame on average even when the platform is rotated at 200 degrees per second. As a practical application, we also demonstrate how the common task of face detection benefits from active gaze stabilization. Copyright 2014 ACM.

关键词： Stabilization

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Enhanced random forest for mitosis detection 14

Enhanced random forest for mitosis detection

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9th indian conference on computer vision, graphics and image processing, ICVGIP 2014

作者： Paul, Angshuman Mukherjee, Dipti Prasad Indian Statistical Institute 203 B. T. Road Kolkata700108 India

ISBN: (纸本)1595930361

Histopathological grading of cancer is a measure of the cell appearance in malignant neoplasms. Grading offers an in-sight to the growth of the cancer and helps in developing individual treatment plans. The Nottingham grading system [12], well known method for invasive breast cancer grading, primarily relies on the mitosis count in histopathological slides. Pathologists manually identify mitotic figures from a few thousand slide images for each patient to determine the grade of the cancer. Mitotic figures are hard to identify as the appearance of the mitotic cells change at different phases of mitosis. So, the manual cancer grading is not only a tedious job but also prone to observer variability. We propose a fast and accurate approach for automatic mitosis detection from histopathological images using an enhanced random forest classifier with weighted random trees. The random trees are assigned a tree penalty and a forest penalty depending on their classification performance at the training phase. The weight of a tree is calculated based on these penalties. The forest is trained through regeneration of population from weighted trees. The input data is classified based on weighted voting from the random trees after several populations. Experiments show at least 11 percent improvement in F1 score on more than 450 histopathological images at ×40 magnification. Copyright 2014 ACM.

关键词： Grading

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Multi-criteria energy minimization with boundedness, edge-density and rarity, for object saliency in natural images 14

Multi-criteria energy minimization with boundedness, edge-de...

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9th indian conference on computer vision, graphics and image processing, ICVGIP 2014

作者： Roy, Sudeshna Das, Sukhendu Indian Institute Technology Madras India

ISBN: (纸本)1595930361

Recent methods of bottom-up salient object detection have attempted to either: (i) obtain a probability map with a 'contrast rarity' based functional, formed using low level cues;or (ii) Minimize an objective function, to detect the object. Most of these methods fail for complex, natural scenes, such as the PASCAL-VOC challenge dataset which contains images with diverse appearances, illumination conditions, multiple distracting objects and varying scene environments. We thus formulate a novel multi-criteria objective function which captures many dependencies and the scene structure for correct spatial propagation of low-level priors to perform salient object segmentation, in such cases. Our proposed formulation is based on CRF modeling where the minimization is performed using graph cut and the optimal parameters of the objective function are learned using a max-margin framework from the training set, without the use of class labels. Hence the method proposed is unsu-pervised, and works efficiently when compared to the very recent state-of-the art methods of saliency map detection and object proposals. Results, compared using F-measure and intersection-over-union scores, show that the proposed method exhibits superior performance in case of the complex PASCAL-VOC 2012 object segmentation dataset as well as the traditional MSRA-B saliency dataset. Copyright 2014 ACM.

关键词： Object detection

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3D visual speech animation from image sequences 14

3D visual speech animation from image sequences

引用

9th indian conference on computer vision, graphics and image processing, ICVGIP 2014

作者： Musti, Utpala Ouni, Slim Zhou, Ziheng Pietikäinen, Matti Center for Machine Vision Research University of Oulu Finland Université de Lorraine LORIA UMR 7503 France

ISBN: (纸本)1595930361

In this paper we describe an early version of our system which synthesizes 3D visual speech including tongue and teeth from frontal facial image sequences. This system is developed for 3D Visual Speech Animation (VSA) using images generated by an existing state-of-the-art image-based VSA system. In fact, the prime motivation for this system is to have a 3D VSA system from limited amount of training data when compared to that required for developing a conventional corpus based 3D VSA system. It consists of two modules. The first module iteratively estimates the 3D shape of the external facial surface for each image in the input sequence. The second module complements the external face with 3D tongue and teeth to complete the perceptually crucial visual speech information. This has the added advantages of 3D visual speech, which are renderability of the face in different poses and illumination conditions and, enhanced visual information of tongue and teeth. The first module for 3D shape estimation is based on the detection of facial landmarks in images. It uses a prior 3D Morphable Model (3D-MM) trained using 3D facial data. For the time being it is developed for a person-specific domain, i.e., the 3D-MM and the 2D facial landmark detector are trained using the data of a single person and tested with the same person-specific data. The estimated 3D shape sequences are provided as input to the second module along with the phonetic segmentation. For any particular 3D shape, tongue and teeth information is generated by rotating the lower jaw based on few skin points on the jaw and animating a rigid 3D tongue through keyframe interpolation. Copyright 2014 ACM.

关键词： Animation

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A novel approach for computer aided diagnosis of schizophrenia using auditory oddball functional MRI 14

A novel approach for computer aided diagnosis of schizophren...

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9th indian conference on computer vision, graphics and image processing, ICVGIP 2014

作者： Juneja, Akanksha Rana, Bharti Agrawal, R.K. School of Computer and Systems Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India

ISBN: (纸本)1595930361

Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness that requires timely and accurate diagnosis. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) helps in identifying variations in activation patterns of schizophrenia patients and healthy subjects. But, manual diagnosis using fMRI is cumbersome and prone to subjective errors. This has drawn the attention of pattern recognition and computer vision research community towards developing a reliable and efficient decision model for computer aided diagnosis (CAD) of schizophrenia. However, high dimensionality and limited availability of fMRI samples leads to curse-of-dimensionality which may deteriorate the performance of a decision model. In this research work, a combination of feature extraction and feature selection techniques is employed to obtain a reduced set of relevant features for differentiating schizophrenia patients from healthy subjects. A general linear model approach is used for feature extraction on pre-processed fMRI data. Further t-test based feature selection is employed to determine a subset of discriminative features which are used for learning a decision model using support vector machine. Experiments are carried out on two balanced and well-age matched datasets (acquired on 1.5 Tesla and 3 Tesla scanners) of auditory odd-ball task derived from a publicly available multisite FBIRN dataset. The performance is evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity and classification accuracy, and compared with two well-known existing approaches. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms the two existing approaches in terms of sensitivity, specificity and classification accuracy. With the proposed approach, the classification accuracy of 80.9% and 88.0% is achieved for 1.5 Tesla and 3 Tesla datasets respectively. In addition, the brain regions containing the discriminative features are identified which may be used as biomarkers for CAD of schizophrenia using fMRI. Copyright 2014 ACM.

关键词： computer aided diagnosis

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Localization of curved scene text in video based on Fuzzy Curve Tracing of extracted planar surface 14

Localization of curved scene text in video based on Fuzzy Cu...

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9th indian conference on computer vision, graphics and image processing, ICVGIP 2014

作者： Boaz, Too Kipyego Prabhakar, C.J. Department of Computer Science Kuvempu University Shankaraghatta Shivamogga Karnataka577 415 India

ISBN: (纸本)1595930361

In this paper, we present a novel technique to localize curved multi-script text contained in natural scene video based on Fuzzy Curve Tracing (FCT) of extracted planar surface. In order to read and interpret easily, text information is usually written on planar surfaces, for instance billboards, walls of buildings, road-signs and banners. This motivated us to detect planar surfaces by fitting a planar model, that is constructed using Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC). It is assumed that the detected planar surface contains text and is segmental from background using Graph Cuts through Markov Random Field (MRF) labeling of pixels belongs to planar surface. Within the extracted planar surface, the curved text is detected using fuzzy curve tracing, which traces and generates curve path of the text by establishing spatial relations among the cluster centers identified through fuzzy c-means clustering of character regions. Finally, curved text is localized by identifying character regions wherever generated curve path pass through it. The experimental results are evaluated for text localization using recall, precision and f-measure. Based on these metrics result, it's incontestible that the projected technique outperforms the popular existing methods. Copyright 2014 ACM.

关键词： Markov processes

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Complementary Cumulative Precision Distribution: A New Graphical Metric for Medical image Retrieval System

Complementary Cumulative Precision Distribution: A New Graph...

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conference on Medical Imaging - image Perception, Observer Performance, and Technology Assessment

作者： Dash, Jatindra Kumar Mukhopadhyay, Sudipta Khandelwal, Niranjan Indian Inst Technol Dept Elect & Elect Commun Engn Kharagpur 721302 W Bengal India Post Grad Inst Med Educ & Res Chandigarh India

ISBN: (纸本)9780819498304

Several single valued measures have been proposed by researchers for the quantitative performance evaluation of medical image retrieval systems. Precision and recall are the most common evaluation measures used by researchers. Amongst graphical measures proposed, precision vs. recall graph is the most common evaluation measure. Precision vs. recall graph evaluates different systems by varying the operating points (number of top retrieval considered). However, in real life the operating point for different applications are known. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate different retrieval systems at a particular operating point set by the user. None of the graphical metric provides the variation of performance of query images over the entire database at a particular operating point. This paper proposes a graphical metric called Complementary Cumulative Precision Distribution (CCPD) that evaluates different systems at a particular operating point considering each images in the database for query. The strength of the metric is its ability to represent all these measures pictorially. The proposed metric (CCPD) pictorially represents the different possible values of precision and the fraction of query images at those precision values considering number of top retrievals constant. Different scalar measures are derived from the proposed graphical metric (CCPD) for effective evaluation of retrieval systems. It is also observed that the proposed metric can be used as a tie breaker when the performance of different methods are very close to each other in terms of average precision.

关键词： Content based image retrieval retrieval performance performance metric precision complementary cumulative precision distribution recall complementary cumulative recall distribution

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A Schrödinger formalism for simultaneously computing the Euclidean distance transform and its gradient density 14

A Schrödinger formalism for simultaneously computing the Eu...

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9th indian conference on computer vision, graphics and image processing, ICVGIP 2014

作者： Gurumoorthy, Karthik S. Rangarajan, Anand International Center for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bangalore Karnataka India Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering University of Florida GainesvilleFL United States

ISBN: (纸本)1595930361

In this work, we employ the well-known Hamilton-Jacobi to Schrödinger connection to present a unified framework for computing both the Euclidean distance function and its gradient density in two dimensions. Previous work in this direction considered two different formalisms for independently computing these quantities. While the two formalisms are very closely related, their lack of integration is theoretically troubling and practically cumbersome. We introduce a novel Schrödinger wave function for representing the Euclidean distance transform from a discrete set of points. An approximate distance transform is computed from the magnitude of the wave function while the gradient density is estimated from the Fourier transform of the phase of the wave function. In addition to its simplicity and efficient O(N logN) computation, we prove that the wave function-based density estimator increasingly, closely approximates the distance transform gradient density (as a free parameter approaches zero) with the added benefit of not requiring the true distance function. Copyright 2014 ACM.

关键词： Wave functions

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