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Analyzing the Efficiency and Bottleneck of Scientific Programs on Imagine Stream Processor by Simulation

Analyzing the Efficiency and Bottleneck of Scientific Progra...

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ieee International symposium on parallel and distributed processing with Applications

作者： Che, Yonggang Xu, Chuanfu Wang, Zhenghua Natl Univ Def Technol Sch Comp Natl Lab Parallel & Distributed Proc Changsha Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769534718

Imagine stream processor has shown high performance and efficiency for media applications. Its potential for scientific applications is of great interest to the high performance computing community. This paper investigates this subject from a new angle. It roughly classifies the scientific programs into three classes based on their computation to memory access ratios. For each class, typical programs are programmed with StreamC/KernelC stream language and simulated based on the cycle-accurate simulator of Imagine. In-depth analysis is carried out for the performance data, with special attentions on the performance bottlenecks. The performance data obtained on Imagine are compared against data on two general-purpose x86 processors. The results show that programs with no DRAM accesses attain high floating point performance and efficiencies on Imagine. These programs' performance is only restricted by limited ILP (Instruction-Level parallelism) and load imbalance across ALUs. Programs with computation to memory operation ratios O(n) attain absolute floating point performance on Imagine comparable to that obtained on general-purpose processors, but their floating-point efficiencies are not satisfactory. It is essential to optimize these programs for high SRF (Stream Register File) and LRF (Local Register File) reuse and high ILP on Imagine. Programs with lower computation to memory operation ratios attain much lower floating-point performance and efficiencies on Imagine, compared to those obtained on x86 processors.

关键词： Imagine stream processor floating-point efficiency performance bottleneck performance evaluation scientific applications FLOATING POINTS Traffic Bottlenecks PROCESSOR Performance Evaluation streams simulating register file unbalanced load

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Adaptive Neighbor Caching for Fast BSS Transition using ieee 802.11k Neighbor Report

Adaptive Neighbor Caching for Fast BSS Transition using IEEE...

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ieee International symposium on parallel and distributed processing with Applications

作者： Yu, Ching-Hwa Pan, Michael Wang, Sheng-De Natl Taiwan Univ Dept Elect Engn Taipei 106 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780769534718

Handoff latency is a severe bottleneck impacting the service continuity for voice and multimedia applications in WLAN. ieee 802.11k Neighbor Report defines the neighbor APs which are potential transit-ion candidates for the roaming target. But the selection method for the roaming target AP is left undefined. Several schemes have been proposed for fast handoff with neighbor AP's information. However, these schemes result in huge redundant transition messages overheads in the WLAN and require high computing power for the AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Access control) server. In this paper, we propose an Adaptive Neighbor Caching (ANC) method to achieve higher handoff prediction accuracy for selecting proper candidate APs in the Neighbor Report. An adaptive predictability index is introduced for selecting those potential roaming APs, which can mitigate the scanning latency and the pre-authentication key distribution message overhead in the WLAN as well as computing loading for the AAA server. Simulation results present up to 83.5% of transition messages are reduced in comparison to the Proactive Neighbor Caching (PNC), 56.4% of candidate AP selection accuracy is improved and 37.5% of transition messages are reduced in comparison to the Selective Neighbor Caching (SNC).

关键词： 802.11k BSS transition Neighbor caching hand-off Neighbor Cache memory selection methods computational power Roaming Apus

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parallel performance wizard: A performance analysis tool for partitioned global-address-space programming

Parallel performance wizard: A performance analysis tool for...

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IPDPS 2008 - 22nd ieee International parallel and distributed processing symposium

作者： Su, Hung-Hsun Billingsley III, Max George, Alan D. Research Lab. Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611-6200 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424416943

Given the complexity of parallel programs, developers often must rely on performance analysis tools to help them improve the performance of their code. While many tools support the analysis of message-passing programs, no tool exists that fully supports programs written in programming models that present a partitioned global address space (PGAS) to the programmer, such as UPC and SHMEM. Existing tools with support for message-passing models cannot be easily extended to support PGAS programming models, due to the differences between these paradigms. Furthermore, the inclusion of implicit and one-sided communication in PGAS models renders many of the analyses performed by existing tools irrelevant. For these reasons, there exists a need for a new performance tool capable of handling the challenges associated with PGAS models. In this paper, we first present background research and the framework for parallel Performance Wizard (PPW), a modularized, event-based performance analysis tool for PGAS programming models. We then discuss features of PPW and how they are used in the analysis of PGAS applications. Finally, we illustrate how one would use PPW in the analysis and optimization of PGAS applications by presenting a small case study using the PPW version 1.0 implementation. ©2008 ieee.

关键词： Message passing

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A parallel insular model for location areas planning in mobile networks

A parallel insular model for location areas planning in mobi...

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IPDPS 2008 - 22nd ieee International parallel and distributed processing symposium

作者： Foughali, Laidi Talbi, El-Ghazali Batouche, Mohamed LIRE Laboratory Unversité Mentouri - Constantine Route Ain El Bey 25017 Constantine Algeria LIFL Laboratory UMR USTL/CNRS 8022 Bâtiment M3 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cédex France Computer Science Department CCIS King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781424416943

The main interest of this paper is the optimization of the location areas planning in cellular radio networks. It is well known that the quality of service in mobile networks depends on many parameters, among them an optimal location area planning. Furthermore, it is more interesting to provide a logical organization for the already deployed networks. In this paper, we propose the use of heuristics strategies and hybrid metaheuristics strategies to solve the location areas planning problem. The latter is formulated as a constrained planar graph partitioning problem by using a mathematical model which is based on a very realistic specification. Heuristics strategies are based on greedy algorithms while hybrid metaheuristics are based on genetic algorithms. New genetic operators have been designed to this specific problem. Moreover, parallel approaches have been proposed to improve the quality of solutions and speedup the search. Results obtained on real-life benchmarks show the effectiveness of the developed optimization algorithms. ©2008 ieee.

关键词： Wireless networks

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Strategies for Mapping Dataflow Blocks to distributed Hardware 41

Strategies for Mapping Dataflow Blocks to Distributed Hardwa...

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41st Annual ieee/ACM International symposium on Microarchitecture

作者： Robatmili, Behnam Coons, Katherine E. Burger, Doug McKinley, Kathryn S. Univ Texas Austin Dept Comp Sci Austin TX 78712 USA Microsoft Res Redmond WA 98052 USA Univ Texas Austin Dept Comp Sci Austin TX 78712 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424428366

distributed processors must balance communication and concurrency. When dividing instructions among the processors, key factors are the available concurrency. criticality of dependence chains, and communication penalties. The amount of concurrency determines the importance of the other factors: if concurrency is high, wider distribution of instructions is likely to tolerate the increased operand routing latencies. If concurrency is low, mapping dependent instructions close to one another is likely to reduce communication costs that contribute to the critical path. This paper explores these tradeoffs for distributed Explicit Dataflow Graph Execution (EDGE) architectures that execute blocks of dataflow instructions atomically. A runtime block mapper assigns instructions from a single thread to distributed hardware resources (cores) based on compiler-assigned instruction identifiers. We explore two approaches: fixed strategies that map all blocks to the same number of cores, and adaptive strategies that vary the number of cores for each block The results show that best fixed strategy varies, based on the cores' issue width. A simple adaptive strategy improves performance over the best fixed strategies for single and dual-issue cores, but its benefits decrease as the cores' issue width increases. These results show that by choosing an appropriate runtime block mapping strategy, average performance can be increased by 18%, while simultaneously reducing average operand communication by 70%, saving energy as well as improving performance. These results indicate that runtime block mapping is a promising mechanism for balancing communication and concurrency in distributed processors.

关键词： Hardware Concurrent computing Runtime Costs distributed computing parallel processing Instruction sets Intrusion detection Routing Delay

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Energy-oriented OpenMP parallel loop scheduling

Energy-oriented OpenMP parallel loop scheduling

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2008 International symposium on parallel and distributed processing with Applications, ISPA 2008

作者： Dong, J. Yong Chen, Juan Yang, Xuejun Deng, Lin Zhang, Xuemeng School of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha Hunan 410073 China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769534718

In HPC, power-related concern becomes dominant aspects of hardware and software design. Significant research effort has been devoted towards the energy optimization of parallel loop. This article is focused on energy-oriented OpenMP static and dynamic parallel loop scheduling problem. Only DVS cannot obtain the maximum energy savings. It is necessary to combine parallel loop rescheduling and DVS. First, we propose an Energy-Saving Static Scheduling (ESSS) algorithm, which exploits the scheduling slack to save energy by DVS. Second, we propose an Energy-saving Optimal Static Scheduling (EOSS) algorithm, which obtains the maximum energy saving through combining loop rescheduling and DVS. Last, in order to reduce the energy of OpenMP dynamic scheduling, we shut down the processor when it is idle, which is called Shut-down Based Dynamic Scheduling (SBDS) algorithm. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness by experiments. © 2008 ieee.

关键词： Energy conservation

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A two-phase load-balancing framework of parallel GIS operations

A two-phase load-balancing framework of parallel GIS operati...

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2008 ieee International Geoscience and Remote Sensing symposium - proceedings

作者： Xie, Zhong Ye, Zi Wu, Liang Faculty of Information Engineering China University of Geosciences China Faculty of Information Engineering China University of Geosciences Ministry of Education China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424428083

The ever-increasing of the large geospatial datasets and the widely application of the complex geocomputation make the parallel processing of GIS an important component of high-performance computing. The paper introduces a two-phase load-balancing scheme for the parallel GIS operations in distributed environment. The paper focus on the parallel framework design and parallel strategy implement of the spatial operations in GIS. Two major aspects of the spatial data partitioning and dynamic load schedule are discussed in detail, declustering the massive data sets into two parts hierarchically: the dynamic share data and the static local data. In the experimental test, we build up the analytical cost model and evaluate the utilize rate of computational power and I/O resource, and analyze the efficiency of the proposed parallel prototype. ©2008 ieee.

关键词： Geographic information systems

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Effect of parallel TCP stream equalizer on real long fat-pipe network

Effect of parallel TCP stream equalizer on real long fat-pip...

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7th ieee International symposium on Networking Computing and Applications, NCA 2008

作者： Sugawara, Yutaka Tezuka, Hiroshi Inaba, Mary Hiraki, Kei Yoshino, Takeshi University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan Google Japan Inc.

ISBN: (纸本)9780769531922

With the rapid progress of high-performance cluster applications, data transfer between clusters in distant locations becomes more important. But, it is difficult to transfer data using parallel TCP streams on long distance high bandwidth network. In this paper, we microscopically observe parallel TCP streams on 10Gbps network using our network analyzer, propose, implement, and evaluate "Stream Equalizer" which relaxes self-congestion and balances throughput among streams. We evaluate it using a real wide-area network over the Pacific Ocean. The network analyzer and the Stream Equalizer are implemented on FPGA-based programmable high-speed network testbed TGNLE-1. © 2008 ieee.

关键词： Equalizers

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distributed mobility management for fast terminals in an IP-based micro-cellular network along roads

Distributed mobility management for fast terminals in an IP-...

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6th International symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal processing

作者： Yamada, Takahiko Yamashita, Satoshi Okumura, Takashi Hoa, Phan Thanh Ritsumeikan Univ Coll Sci & Engn Kusatsu Shiga 5258577 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781424418756

This paper presents a scalable control system for a unified micro-cellular network named MM-MAN (Mobile Multimedia Metropolitan Area Network) in which fast terminals are provided high-bit rate IP packet transfer. In our previous papers, proposed schemes to guarantee smooth connections to fast movers in spite of frequent movement are LMC (Logical Macro Cell) and parallel polling. LMC-a multicast group of adjacent micro-cells and pollings are emitted from all BSs of the same LMC create a symmetric environment as a virtual single cell so the cell-to-cell movement of a mobile terminal within an LMC can be passed over. Detail of the distributed control for mobility management is described in this article. An extended LMC is introduced to conduct pre-downloading of packets and to allow distributed processing for the LMC switchover. However, the radio active channel is manipulated only at BSs in the LMC range but not in the extended LMC to save radio resources due to the overhead of parallel polling. If the polling response comes to the BS which differs from the central cell's BS of the LMC, this BS will be placed to become the central cell of the new LMC, and polling acknowledgement is multicast to the new extended LMC. The neighboring BS on the movement direction of the target mobile terminal (MT) can realize movement of the MT, and starts actions to join the new LMC by itself without help from the centralized control. These procedures can hide the delay in the cell-to-cell movement of the terminal even when it goes out from the LMC, and guarantee scalable and high-performance control over micro-cellular network. The simulation results tells the handover latency is less than 5ms, and the throughput for MT in case of the continuous multimedia like moving picture is 2Mbps over the 54Mbps wireless interface.

关键词： micro-cellular network IP packet transfer distributed control polling-based packet transfer Logical Macro-cell virtual single cell

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parallel video distribution architectures for LiveStreaming multimedia systems

Parallel video distribution architectures for LiveStreaming ...

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ELMAR-2008 - 50th International symposium ELMAR 2008

作者： Bolic, Melika Begic, Zlatan Šecerbegovic, Elmir BH Telecom d.d. Sarajevo Department for Packet Switched Network Tuzla Bosnia and Herzegovina Source Code d.o.o. Tuzla Bosnia and Herzegovina

With the introduction of parallel video distribution architecture, the problem of server capacity in a high-demand/high data volume transfer environment is solved with an approach of distributed signal processing and rendering thus reducing the overall load on a single machine (server) and improving the overall solution performance. This paper reviews three parallel video distribution approaches (Proxy-At-Server, Independent Proxy and Proxy-At-Client) that have been presented as cost-effective implementations which can guarantee QoS/QoE in the overall implementation.

关键词： Video on demand

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