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检索条件"任意字段=Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Syntax and Structure in Statistical Translation"

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Taste of Two Different Flavours: Which Manipuri Script Works Better for English-Manipuri Language Pair SMT Systems? 7

Taste of Two Different Flavours: Which Manipuri Script Works...

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7th workshop on syntax, Semantics and structure in statistical translation, SSST 2013

作者： Singh, Thoudam Doren Gulmohor Cross Road No 9 Juhu Mumbai400049 India

ISBN: (纸本)9781937284473

The statistical machine translation (SMT) system heavily depends on the sentence aligned parallel corpus and the target language model. This paper points out some of the core issues on switching a language script and its repercussion in the phrase based statistical machine translation system development. The present task reports on the outcome of English- Manipuri language pair phrase based SMT task on two aspects - a) Manipuri using Bengali script, b) Manipuri using transliterated Meetei Mayek script. Two independent views on Bengali script based SMT and transliterated Meitei Mayek based SMT systems of the training data and language models are presented and compared. The impact of various language models is commendable in such scenario. The BLEU and NIST score shows that Bengali script based phrase based SMT (PBSMT) outperforms over the Meetei Mayek based English to Manipuri SMT system. However, subjective evaluation shows slight variation against the automatic scores. ©2013 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computer aided language translation

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Combining statistical and semantic approaches to the translation of ontologies and taxonomies 5

Combining statistical and semantic approaches to the transla...

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5th workshop on syntax, Semantics and structure in statistical translation, SSST 2011 at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, ACL HLT 2011

作者： McCrae, John Espinoza, Mauricio Montiel-Ponsoda, Elena Aguado-De-Cea, Guadalupe Cimiano, Philipp AG Semantic Computing Universität Bielefeld Bielefeld Germany Universidad de Cuenca Cuenca Ecuador Ontology Engineering Group Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781932432992

Ontologies and taxonomies are widely used to organize concepts providing the basis for activities such as indexing, and as background knowledge for NLP tasks. As such, translation of these resources would prove useful to adapt these systems to new languages. However, we show that the nature of these resources is significantly different from the "free-text" paradigm used to train most statistical machine translation systems. In particular, we see significant differences in the linguistic nature of these resources and such resources have rich additional semantics. We demonstrate that as a result of these linguistic differences, standard SMT methods, in particular evaluation metrics, can produce poor performance. We then look to the task of leveraging these semantics for translation, which we approach in three ways: by adapting the translation system to the domain of the resource;by examining if semantics can help to predict the syntactic structure used in translation;and by evaluating if we can use existing translated taxonomies to disambiguate translations. We present some early results from these experiments, which shed light on the degree of success we may have with each approach. © 2011 Association for Computational Linguistics

关键词： Semantics

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A semantic feature for statistical machine translation 5

A semantic feature for statistical machine translation

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5th workshop on syntax, Semantics and structure in statistical translation, SSST 2011 at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, ACL HLT 2011

作者： Banchs, Rafael E. Costa-Jussà, Marta R. Institute for Infocomm Research 1 Fusionopolis Way 21-01 Singapore138632 Singapore Barcelona Media Innovation Centre Av. Diagonal 177 planta 9 Barcelona08018 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781932432992

A semantic feature for statistical machine translation, based on Latent Semantic Indexing, is proposed and evaluated. The objective of the proposed feature is to account for the degree of similarity between a given input sentence and each individual sentence in the training dataset. This similarity is computed in a reduced vector-space constructed by means of the Latent Semantic Indexing decomposition. The computed similarity values are used as an additional feature in the log-linear model combination approach to statistical machine translation. In our implementation, the proposed feature is dynamically adjusted for each translation unit in the translation table according to the current input sentence to be translated. This model aims at favoring those translation units that were extracted from training sentences that are semantically related to the current input sentence being translated. Experimental results on a Spanish-to-English translation task on the Bible corpus demonstrate a significant improvement on translation quality with respect to a baseline system. © 2011 Association for Computational Linguistics

关键词： Vector spaces

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Multi-word unit dependency forest-based translation rule extraction 5

Multi-word unit dependency forest-based translation rule ext...

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5th workshop on syntax, Semantics and structure in statistical translation, SSST 2011 at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, ACL HLT 2011

作者： Na, Hwidong Lee, Jong-Hyeok San 31 Hyoja Dong Pohang790-784 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781932432992

translation requires non-isomorphic transformation from the source to the target. However, non-isomorphism can be reduced by learning multi-word units (MWUs). We present a novel way of representating sentence structure based on MWUs, which are not necessarily continuous word sequences. Our proposed method builds a simpler structure of MWUs than words using words as vertices of a dependency structure. Unlike previous studies, we collect many alternative structures in a packed forest. As an application of our proposed method, we extract translation rules in form of a source MWU-forest to the target string, and verify the rule coverage empirically. As a consequence, we improve the rule coverage compare to a previous work, while retaining the linear asymptotic complexity. © 2011 Association for Computational Linguistics

关键词： Forestry

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Coupling hierarchical word reordering and decoding in phrase-based statistical machine translation 3

Coupling hierarchical word reordering and decoding in phrase...

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3rd workshop on syntax and structure in statistical translation, SSST 2009 at the 2009 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, NAACL-HLT 2009

作者： Khalilov, Maxim Fonollosa, José A.R. Dras, Mark Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Campus Nord UPC Barcelona08034 Spain Macquarie University North Ryde NSW Sydney2109 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781932432398

In this paper, we start with the existing idea of taking reordering rules automatically derived from syntactic representations, and applying them in a preprocessing step before translation to make the source sentence structurally more like the target;and we propose a new approach to hierarchically extracting these rules. We evaluate this, combined with a lattice-based decoding, and show improvements over state-of-the-art distortion models. © 2009 Association for Computational Linguistics

关键词： Decoding

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Combining morphosyntactic enriched representation with n-best reranking in statistical translation

Combining morphosyntactic enriched representation with n-bes...

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2007 AMTA workshop on syntax and structure in statistical translation, SSST 2007 at the 2007 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, NAACL-HLT 2007

作者： Bonneau-Maynard, H. Allauzen, A. Déchelotte, D. Schwenk, H. Spoken Language Processing Group LIMSI-CNRS BP 133 Orsay Cedex91403 France

The purpose of this work is to explore the integration of morphosyntactic information into the translation model itself, by enriching words with their morphosyntactic categories. We investigate word disambiguation using morphosyntactic categories, n-best hypotheses reranking, and the combination of both methods with word or morphosyntactic n-gram language model reranking. Experiments are carried out on the English-to-Spanish translation task. Using the morphosyntactic language model alone does not results in any improvement in performance. However, combining morphosyntactic word disambiguation with a word based 4-gram language model results in a relative improvement in the BLEU score of 2.3% on the development set and 1.9% on the test set. © 2007 Association for Computational Linguistics

关键词： translation (languages)

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Generation in machine translation from deep syntactic trees

Generation in machine translation from deep syntactic trees

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作者： Hall, Keith Němec, Petr Center for Language and Speech Processing Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics Charles University Prague Czech Republic

In this paper we explore a generative model for recovering surface syntax and strings from deep-syntactic tree structures. Deep analysis has been proposed for a number of language and speech processing tasks, such as machine translation and paraphrasing of speech transcripts. In an effort to validate one such formalism of deep syntax, the Praguian Tectogrammatical Representation (TR), we present a model of synthesis for English which generates surface-syntactic trees as well as strings. We propose a generative model for function word insertion (prepositions, definite/indefinite articles, etc.) and sub-phrase reordering. We show by way of empirical results that this model is effective in constructing acceptable English sentences given impoverished trees. © 2007 Association for Computational Linguistics

关键词： Syntactics

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Multiple reorderings in phrase-based machine translation 2

Multiple reorderings in phrase-based machine translation

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2nd workshop on syntax and structure in statistical translation, SSST 2008

作者： Ge, Niyu Ittycheriah, Abe Papineni, Kishore IBM T.J.Watson Research 1101 Kitchawan Rd Yorktown HeightsNY10598 United States Yahoo! Research 45 West 18th St. New YorkNY10011 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781932432169

This paper presents a method to integrate multiple reordering strategies in phrase-based statistical machine translation. Recently there has been much research effort in reordering problems in machine translation. State-of-the-art decoders incorporate sophisticated local reordering strategies, but there is little research on a unified approach to incorporate various kinds of reordering methods. We present a phrase-based decoder which easily allows multiple reordering schemes. We show how to use this framework to perform distance-based reordering and HIERO-style (Chiang 2005) hierarchical reordering. We also present two novel syntax-based reordering methods, one built on part-of-speech tags and the other based on parse trees. We will give experimental results using these relatively easy to implement methods on standard tests. © 2008 Association for Computational Linguistics

关键词： Machine translation

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Empirical lower bounds on alignment error rates in syntax-based machine translation 3

Empirical lower bounds on alignment error rates in syntax-ba...

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作者： Søgaard, Anders Kuhn, Jonas Center for Language Technology University of Copenhagen Denmark Dpt. of Linguistics University of Potsdam Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781932432398

The empirical adequacy of synchronous context-free grammars of rank two (2-SCFGs) (Satta and Peserico, 2005), used in syntax-based machine translation systems such as Wu (1997), Zhang et al. (2006) and Chiang (2007), in terms of what alignments they induce, has been discussed in Wu (1997) and Wellington et al. (2006), but with a one-sided focus on so-called "inside-out alignments". Other alignment configurations that cannot be induced by 2-SCFGs are identified in this paper, and their frequencies across a wide collection of hand-aligned parallel corpora are examined. Empirical lower bounds on two measures of alignment error rate, i.e. the one introduced in Och and Ney (2000) and one where only complete translation units are considered, are derived for 2-SCFGs and related formalisms. © 2009 Association for Computational Linguistics

关键词： Alignment

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CombiningWord Reordering Methods on different Linguistic Abstraction Levels for statistical Machine translation 7

CombiningWord Reordering Methods on different Linguistic Abs...

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7th workshop on syntax, Semantics and structure in statistical translation, SSST 2013

作者： Herrmann, Teresa Niehues, Jan Waibel, Alex Institute for Anthropomatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781937284473

We describe a novel approach to combining lexicalized, POS-based and syntactic treebased word reordering in a phrase-based machine translation system. Our results show that each of the presented reordering methods leads to improved translation quality on its own. The strengths however can be combined to achieve further improvements. We present experiments on German-English and German- French translation. We report improvements of 0.7 BLEU points by adding tree-based and lexicalized reordering. Up to 1.1 BLEU points can be gained by POS and tree-based reordering over a baseline with lexicalized reordering. A human analysis, comparing subjective translation quality as well as a detailed error analysis show the impact of our presented tree-based rules in terms of improved sentence quality and reduction of errors related to missing verbs and verb positions. ©2013 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Error analysis

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