Conservative parallel discrete event simulation takes a connection-oriented approach to inter-process communication. Conservative processes modeling physical entities are connected via channels that represent physical...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769521118
Conservative parallel discrete event simulation takes a connection-oriented approach to inter-process communication. Conservative processes modeling physical entities are connected via channels that represent physical links in the target system. By contrast, optimistic strategy and its implementation in Time Warp machine, take a connectionless approach where a process can communicate freely with any other process without prior connection. This paper presents the case for a connection-oriented optimistic approach and provides a data structure for the event set of Time Warp processes that significantly reduces the cost of event scheduling and cancellation under connection-oriented operation. Detailed description of the proposed implementation is given and performance of the structure in forward event scheduling and backward event cancellation is tested and the results are discussed.
An important question for network simulation is what level of detail is required to obtain a desired level of accuracy. While in some networks, the level of detail is an open research issue (for example, radio propaga...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769521118
An important question for network simulation is what level of detail is required to obtain a desired level of accuracy. While in some networks, the level of detail is an open research issue (for example, radio propagation models in wireless networks), it has long been assumed that wired networks could be accurately modeled by fairly simple queues with a bandwidth limit and propagation delay. To our knowledge this assumption has not been widely tested In this paper we evaluate different levels of detail for an Ethernet simulation. We consider two models for Ethernet simulation;a detailed, CSMA/CD protocol based model and a more abstract model using a DropTail, shared queue. Using web traffic with two different TCP simulation models, we evaluated the accuracy of these Ethernet models as compared to testbed measurements. We observed the DropTail Ethernet model requires significantly less execution time and can accurately model performance using a bandwidth normalization factor.
In mobile ad hoc network (MANET) studies, it is imperative to use highly detailed device models as they provide high layer protocols with good prediction of underlying wireless communication performance. However, such...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769521118
In mobile ad hoc network (MANET) studies, it is imperative to use highly detailed device models as they provide high layer protocols with good prediction of underlying wireless communication performance. However, such studies often utilize abstract models for execution speed and simplicity. This paper first shows that physical layer variables including path loss, shadowing, multipath, Doppler have significant effects on the predicted overall networking performance. It then proposes an approach to simulate details of wireless propagation and radio characteristics in networking studies while still maintaining a reasonable simulation execution time. Through our runtime performance studies with detailed OFDM Simulink / MATLAB models and QualNet network simulator, it is shown that the proposed approach can improve the simulation runtime performance by three to four orders of magnitudes without compromising the fidelity of simulation results.
With the wide use of Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) simulation packages and the advent of the High Level Architecture (HLA) standard which supports interoperability and reusability, it is desirable to build distribut...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769521118
With the wide use of Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) simulation packages and the advent of the High Level Architecture (HLA) standard which supports interoperability and reusability, it is desirable to build distributedsimulations by linking various types of simulation models developed using best-fit COTS packages. While almost all current work on integrating COTS packages and the HLA is based on conservative synchronization, it is worthwhile to investigate the optimistic synchronization approach. The optimistic approach can exploit parallelism and achieve promising performance in situations where causality errors may occur but in fact seldom occur. In our paper, we introduce a rollback controller using a middleware approach to handle the complex rollback procedure on behalf of the simulation model. To fully utilize the benefits of optimistic synchronization, we also introduce a novel time advance algorithm using the services provided by the HLA. A comparison of performance between the conservative and optimistic synchronization approaches based on a typical reference model is also provided.
We discuss an approach for creating a federated network simulation that eases the burdens on the simulator user that typically arise from more traditional methods for defining space-parallelsimulations. Previous appr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769521118
We discuss an approach for creating a federated network simulation that eases the burdens on the simulator user that typically arise from more traditional methods for defining space-parallelsimulations. Previous approaches have difficulties that arise from the need for global topology knowledge when forwarding simulated packets between the federates. In all but the simplest cases, proper packet forwarding decisions between federates requires routing tables of size 0(mn) (m is the number of nodes modeled in a particular simulator instance, and n is the total number of network nodes in the entire topology) in order to determine how packets should be routed between federates. Further, the benefits of the well-known NIx-Vector routing approach cannot be fully achieved without global knowledge of the overall topology. We seek to overcome these difficulties by utilizing a topology partitioning methodology that uses Ghost Nodes. A ghost node is a simulator object in a federate that represents a simulated network node that is spatially assigned to some other federate, and thus that other federate is responsible for maintaining all state associated with the node. However, ghost nodes do retain topology connectivity information with other nodes, allowing all federate in a space-parallelsimulation to obtain a global picture of the network topology. We show with experimental results that the memory overhead associated wit the ghosts is minimal relative to the overall memory footprint of the simulation.
Real-time simulation is a familiar technique for testing hardware and software in the loop and for operator training. An important parameter of these simulations is the frame-time necessary to capture the dynamics of ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769521118
Real-time simulation is a familiar technique for testing hardware and software in the loop and for operator training. An important parameter of these simulations is the frame-time necessary to capture the dynamics of the system being simulated. Modern power electronic systems, using higher frequency pulse-width modulation (PWM) converter control demand frame times that are significantly shorter than those found in most real-time simulators. The paper describes an approach to real-time simulation that is capable of achieving the frame times of 10muS and less required for this application. It is a scalable technique that uses arrays of digital signal processors on commercially available boards plugged into a conventional desktop computer. Analog and digital interfaces provide for the connection of real hardware to the simulation. Although the technique has so far been applied only to power electronic systems, it is capable of being used in a wide range of applications in which frame times of less than 10muS are required.
Computer simulation is the most common approach to studying wireless ad-hoc routing algorithms. The results, however, are only as good as the models the simulation uses. One should not underestimate the importance of ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769521118
Computer simulation is the most common approach to studying wireless ad-hoc routing algorithms. The results, however, are only as good as the models the simulation uses. One should not underestimate the importance of validation, as inaccurate models can lead to wrong conclusions. In this paper we use direct-execution simulation to validate radio models used by ad-hoc routing protocols, against real-world experiments. This paper documents a common testbed that supports direct execution of a set of ad-hoc routing protocol implementations in a wireless network simulator The testbed reads traces generated from real experiments, and uses them to drive direct-execution implementations of the routing protocols. Doing so we reproduce the same network conditions as in real experiments. By comparing routing behavior measured in real experiments with behavior computed by the simulation, we are able to validate the models of radio behavior upon which protocol behavior depends. We conclude that it is possible to have fairly accurate results using a simple radio model, but the routing behavior is quite sensitive to one of this model's parameters. The implication is that one should i) use a more complex radio model that explicitly models point-to-point path loss, or ii) use measurements from an environment typical of the one of interest, or iii) study behavior over a range of environments to identify sensitivities.
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