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A new approach for partitioning VLSI circuits on transistor level

A new approach for partitioning VLSI circuits on transistor ...

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workshop on Principles of Advanced and distributed simulation (PADS)

作者： N. Frohlich R. Schlagenhaft J. Fleischmann Institute of Electronic Design Automation Technical University Munich Munich Germany

For parallel simulation of VLSI circuits on the transistor level a sophisticated partitioning of the circuits into subcircuits is crucial. Each net connecting the subcircuits causes additional communication and computation effort. As the slave processors simulating the subcircuits advance synchronously in time, the computation effort for each subcircuit should be approximately the same. In this paper a new approach for partitioning VLSI circuits on the transistor level yielding a low number of interconnects between the subcircuits and balanced subcircuit sizes is presented. simulation of industrial circuits using this partitioning is up to 41% faster than with other known partitioning approaches for parallel analog simulation.

关键词： Very large scale integration Circuit simulation Computational modeling Integrated circuit interconnections Workstations Electronic design automation and methodology Transistors Laboratories Hardware Circuit testing

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distributed simulation of spatially explicit ecological models

Distributed simulation of spatially explicit ecological mode...

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workshop on Principles of Advanced and distributed simulation (PADS)

作者： K. Glass M. Livingston J. Conery Computational Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene OR USA

Large-scale ecological simulations are natural candidates for distributed discrete event simulation. In optimistic simulation of spatially explicit models, a difficult problem arises when individuals migrate between physical regions simulated by different logical processes. We present a solution to this problem that uses shared object states. Shared states allow for efficient communication between LPs and for early detection of canceled events. We briefly describe an optimistic simulation environment called EcoKit, which operates on top of the WarpKit implementation of Time Warp. Our experiments with this system on a shared memory multiprocessor show that EcoKit promises to scale well both with the number of processors and the number of individuals simulated.

关键词： Biological system modeling Animals Mice Discrete event simulation Time warp simulation Diseases Control systems Delay

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Dag consistent parallel simulation: a predictable and robust conservative algorithm

Dag consistent parallel simulation: a predictable and robust...

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workshop on Principles of Advanced and distributed simulation (PADS)

作者： Wentong Cai E. Letertre S.J. Turner School of Applied Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Computer Science University of Exeter Exeter UK

We present a novel approach to parallel discrete event simulation based on the Cilk model of multithreaded computation. Cilk's runtime system not only manages the low-level aspects of program execution, but also provides the user with an algorithmic model of performance which can be used to predict the execution time of a parallel simulation. Moreover, a Cilk application can "scale down" to run on a single processor with nearly the same performance as that of serial code. A conservative parallel discrete event simulation algorithm has been developed in which communication between logical processes is achieved using Cilk's virtual memory model, dag consistent shared memory. The simulation executes in cycles, where each cycle involves a divide and conquer computation. Although local lookahead information can be exploited, the algorithm is robust in that it also calculates a global simulation time for each cycle. It can therefore be used for applications where zero lookahead may occur.

关键词： Predictive models Robustness Yarn Discrete event simulation Computational modeling parallel architectures parallel machines Costs Algorithm design and analysis Computer science

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Conservative synchronization in object-oriented parallel battlefield discrete event simulations

Conservative synchronization in object-oriented parallel bat...

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workshop on Principles of Advanced and distributed simulation (PADS)

作者： J.B. Hiller T.C. Hartrum Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering School of Engineering Air Force Institute of Technology OH USA

We present a conservative strategy for spatially decomposed parallel discrete event battlefield simulation. The traditional null message algorithm provides a foundation from which a mapping to generic simulation attributes can be made. We informally discuss preservation of logical correctness and freedom from deadlock. Experimental results demonstrate the potential execution time savings when load imbalance is not dominant; more importantly, they highlight improvement opportunities in spite of potential load imbalance. The net result is that a very reasonable performance gain can be delivered for little effort in a way that supports good simulation system design principles. The approach is straightforward and can be easily implemented as part of a more general sequential or parallel simulation support environment. While the approach is expressed in terms of battlefield simulation, its essence applies to many simulation applications.

关键词： Object oriented modeling Discrete event simulation Computational modeling System recovery Performance gain Partitioning algorithms Gratings Testing Filters

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Hierarchical modeling and distributed simulation with HIT

Hierarchical modeling and distributed simulation with HIT

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workshop on Principles of Advanced and distributed simulation (PADS)

作者： A.M. Warda M. Sczittnick CompuNet Computer Vertiebs GmbH Essen Germany Lehrstuhl lnformatik IV Universität Dortmund Dortmund Germany

The Hierarchical Tool HIT is a software tool for hierarchical modeling and performance evaluation of discrete event systems. Besides analytical and numerical solution techniques HIT provides the evaluation of models by sequential simulation. The authors present concepts for optimistic distributed simulation of HIT models by partitioning them with respect to subhierarchies. The main goals of the concept being presented are the preservation of model structure even in lower levels of the realization (e.g. use of the process view of simulation throughout all levels of abstraction) and distribution transparency on the modeling level (homogeneous model specification for all solution techniques).

关键词： Software tools Discrete event systems Frequency estimation Computational modeling Analytical models Discrete event simulation Petri nets High level languages Frequency measurement Virtual prototyping

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Stack-free process-oriented simulation

Stack-free process-oriented simulation

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workshop on Principles of Advanced and distributed simulation (PADS)

作者： C.J.M. Booth D.I. Bruce Defence Evaluation and Research Agency Malvern UK

The process interaction world view is widely used in the general simulation community for its expressive power, and is supported by most modern simulation languages. In parallel discrete event simulation, however, its use remains comparatively rare due to the perceived inefficiency (and difficulty) of parallel implementations. We present a new implementation strategy for parallel process-oriented simulation languages. This innovative, semantics-based approach directly addresses two common concerns of such languages. By concentrating on the intrinsic threads of control, we avoid the proliferation of simulation objects (and their associated costs) that might result from a naive translation. More fundamentally, the primary costs associated with process-oriented languages-those of context switching between stacks and, in an optimistic setting, of saving the state of these stacks-are entirely eliminated since our explicit use of continuations avoids the need for stacks in the first place. We similarly obtain cheap and natural thread pre-emption.

关键词： Object oriented modeling Discrete event simulation Yarn Modems Cost function Logic Access protocols Insulation Programming profession Aging

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simulation of fine-grained parallel algorithms with the ALT (Animated Language Tools) system

Simulation of fine-grained parallel algorithms with the ALT ...

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International workshop on distributed Interactive simulation and Real Time Applications

作者： Y. Pogudin Institute of Informatics Systems Russian Academy of Science Novosibirsk Russia

Presents an experimental approach toward designing a language interface for fine-grained parallel algorithms simulation. The deep integration of graphical and textual elements at the level of the source code is its main characteristic. The behavior of simulated algorithms is visualized only in the terms of their source representation and in precise functional details at the same time. The mechanism of binding covers implements the basic concepts of the parallel substitution algorithm model. It makes interactive graphic forms serve not only to display data structures but also to describe some functional elements of the source code. The separation of the parallel algorithm scheme from graphical data objects and functions written in the C language is the principal method to implement such an approach. It provides direct opportunities for optimizing equivalent transformations.

关键词： parallel algorithms Animation Graphics Visualization Graphical user interfaces User interfaces Computational modeling Debugging Design optimization Informatics

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Breadth-first rollback in spatially explicit simulations

Breadth-first rollback in spatially explicit simulations

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workshop on Principles of Advanced and distributed simulation (PADS)

作者： E. Deelman B.K. Szymanski Department of Computer Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA

The efficiency of parallel discrete event simulations that use the optimistic protocol is strongly dependent on the overhead incurred by rollbacks. The paper introduces a novel approach to rollback processing which limits the number of events rolled back as a result of a straggler or antimessage. The method, called breadth-first rollback (BFR), is suitable for spatially explicit problems where the space is discretized and distributed among processes and simulation objects move freely in the space. BFR uses incremental state saving, allowing the recovery of causal relationships between events during rollback. These relationships are then used to determine which events need to be rolled back. The results demonstrate an almost linear speedup-a dramatic improvement over the traditional approach to rollback processing.

关键词： Object oriented modeling Protocols Discrete event simulation Lattices Mice Computational modeling Computer science Computer errors Constraint optimization Computer simulation

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A distributed numerical/simulative algorithm for the analysis of large continuous time Markov chains

A distributed numerical/simulative algorithm for the analysi...

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workshop on Principles of Advanced and distributed simulation (PADS)

作者： P. Buchholz Informatik IV Universität Dortmund Dortmund Germany

A distributed algorithm is introduced for the analysis of large continuous time Markov chains (CTMCs) by combining in some sense numerical solution techniques and simulation. CTMCs are described as a set of processes communicating via message passing. The state of a process is described by a probability distribution over a set of reachable states rather than by a single state. simulation is used to determine event times and messages types to be exchanged, whereas transitions are realized by vector matrix products as in iterative numerical analysis techniques. In this way, the state space explosion of numerical analysis is avoided, but it is still possible to determine more detailed results than with simulation. parallelization of the algorithm is realized applying a conservative synchronization scheme, which exploits the possibility of precomputing event times as already proposed for parallel simulation of CTMCs. In contrast to a pure simulation approach, the amount of computation is increased, whereas the amount of communication keeps constant. Hence it is possible to achieve even on a workstation cluster a significant speedup.

关键词： Analytical models Numerical simulation Algorithm design and analysis Computational modeling Discrete event simulation Numerical analysis distributed algorithms Message passing Probability distribution State-space methods

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Dynamic load balancing strategies for conservative parallel simulations

Dynamic load balancing strategies for conservative parallel ...

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workshop on Principles of Advanced and distributed simulation (PADS)

作者： A. Boukerche S.K. Das Center for Research in Parallel and Distributed Computing Department of Computer Science University of North Texas Denton TX USA

This paper studies the problem of load balancing for conservative parallel simulations for execution on a multicomputer. The synchronization protocol makes use of Chandy-Misra (1979) null-messages. We propose a dynamic load balancing algorithm which assumes no compile time knowledge about the workload parameters. It is based upon a process migration mechanism, and the notion of CPU-queue length, which indicates the workload at each processor. We examine two variations for the algorithm which we refer to as centralized and multi-level hierarchical methods, in the context of queueing network simulation of a torus. The torus was chosen because its many cycles aid in the formation of deadlock, making it a stress test for any conservative synchronization protocols. Our experiments indicate that our dynamic load balancing schemes significantly reduce the run time of an optimized version of Chandy-Misra null message approach, and decreases by 30-40% the synchronization overhead when compared to the use of a static partitioning algorithm. Significantly, the results obtained also indicate that the multi-level scheme always outperforms both the centralized load balancing approach and the static partitioning algorithm.

关键词： Load management Computational modeling Protocols distributed computing Stress Testing Partitioning algorithms Discrete event simulation Computer simulation Concurrent computing

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