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Optimistic distributed simulation based on transitive dependency tracking 97

Optimistic distributed simulation based on transitive depend...

引用

proceedings of the eleventh workshop on parallel and distributed simulation

作者： Om P. Damani Yi-Min Wang Vijay K. Garg Dept. of Computer Sci. Uni. of Texas at Austin AT&T Labs-Research Murray Hill NJ Dept. of Elect. & Comp. Eng Uni. of Texas at Austin

ISBN: (纸本)9780818679650

In traditional optimistic distributed simulation protocols, a logical process (LP) receiving a straggler rolls back and sends out anti-messages. The receiver of an anti-message may also roll back and send out more anti-messages. So a single straggler may result in a large number of anti-messages and multiple rollbacks of some LPs. In the authors' protocol, an LP receiving a straggler broadcasts its rollback. On receiving this announcement, other LPs may roll back but they do not announce their rollbacks. So each LP rolls back at most once in response to each straggler. Anti-messages are not used. This eliminates the need for output queues and results in simple memory management. It also eliminates the problem of cascading rollbacks and echoing, and results in faster simulation. All this is achieved by a scheme for maintaining transitive dependency information. The cost incurred includes the tagging of each message with extra dependency information and the increased processing time upon receiving a message. They also present the similarities between the two areas of distributed simulation and distributed recovery. They show how the solutions for one area can be applied to the other area.

关键词： straggler logical process anti-messages transitive dependency information distributed recovery message tagging time warp simulation memory management transitive dependency tracking optimistic distributed simulation protocols rollback broadcasting optimistic distributed simulation process rollback dependency information

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A workstation-based parallel direct-execution simulator 97

A workstation-based parallel direct-execution simulator

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proceedings of the eleventh workshop on parallel and distributed simulation

作者： Phillip M. Dickens Illinois Insititute of Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9780818679650

It is important to understand and efficiently predict the performance of large codes executing on massively parallel machines. However, these very large machines are scarce, expensive, and generally unavailable to large segments of the research community. It is therefore important to implement performance analysis tools for such machines on platforms that are readily available to the research community at large. To meet this need, we have ported LAPSE, a parallel direct-execution simulator, from the Intel Paragon to an ordinary cluster of workstations. The goal of this research is to provide researchers the opportunity to study codes designed for execution on a massively parallel machine while physically executing on a workstation cluster. However, we encountered significant performance problems when moving to a workstation cluster, due primarily to high communication and context switching costs. To reduce these costs, we implemented the virtual processors of the simulated system using light-weight threads rather than heavy-weight Unix processes. In this paper, we discuss the issues involved in moving from a process-based to a thread-based simulator, and demonstrate up to a four fold increase in performance by doing so.

关键词： parallel direct-execution simulator performance analysis tools thread-based simulator workstation cluster discrete event simulation workstation-based parallel direct-execution simulator heavy-weight Unix processes Intel Paragon high communication costs LAPSE light-weight threads context switching costs massively parallel machines

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distributed interactive simulation for synthetic forces

Distributed interactive simulation for synthetic forces

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Heterogeneous Computing workshop

作者： P. Messina S. Brunett D. Davis T. Gottschalk D. Curkendall L. Ekroot H. Siegel Center for Advanced Computing Research California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA The ALPHA Group Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena CA USA

Interactive simulation of battles is a valuable tool for training. The behavior and movement of hundreds or thousands of entities (tanks, trucks, airplanes, missiles, etc.) is currently simulated using dozens or more workstations on geographically distributed LANs connected by WANs. The simulated entities can move, fire weapons, receive "radio" messages, etc. The terrain that they traverse may change dynamically, for example due to rains turning dirt roads into mud or bombs forming craters. Thus the entities need to receive frequent information about the state of the terrain and the location and state of other entities. Typically, information is updated several times a second. As the number of simulated entities grows, the number of messages that need to be sent per unit of time can grow to unmanageable numbers. One approach to reducing the number of messages is to keep track of what entities need to know about which other entities and only send information to the entities that need to know. For example, tanks in Germany need not know about a change of course of a ship in the Pacific. This technique for reducing messages is known as interest management. Caltech and its Jet Propulsion Laboratory have implemented a simulation of this type on several large-scale parallel computers, exploiting both the compute power and the fast messaging fabric of such systems. The application is implemented using a heterogeneous approach. Some nodes are used to simulate entities, some to manage a database of terrain information, some to provide interest management functions, and some to route messages to the entities that do need to receive the information. Some of these tasks require more memory than others, some require faster processing capability.

关键词： Power system management Weapons Computational modeling Concurrent computing Airplanes Missiles Workstations Fires Rain Turning

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State saving for interactive optimistic simulation 97

State saving for interactive optimistic simulation

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proceedings of the eleventh workshop on parallel and distributed simulation

作者： Steve Franks Fabian Gomes Brian Unger John Cleary Department of Computer Science University of Waikato Te Whare Wananga o Waikato Hamilton New Zealand and Department of Computer Science The University of Calgary 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada Department of Computer Science The University of Calgary 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada Department of Computer Science University of Waikato Te Whare Wananga o Waikato Hamilton New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9780818679650

Time Warp's optimistic scheduling requires the maintenance of simulation state history to support rollback in the event of causality violations. State history, and the ability to rollback the simulation, can provide unique functionality for human-in-the-loop simulation environments. This paper investigates the use of Time Warp to output valid simulation state in a near real-time manner, re-execute portions of the simulation, and interactively probe simulation values to ascertain underlying causes of transient behavior.A shared-memory, multi-threaded interactive simulation architecture is presented and the additional state saving requirements imposed by interactivity are examined. The shortcomings of existing state saving schemes lead us to propose Multiplexed State Saving (MSS). By interleaving checkpointing and incremental state logs MSS provides bounded rollback costs and asynchronous access to prior simulation state. The interaction algorithms and MSS form a scalable, bounded cost component suitable for use in a real-time interactive Time Warp system.

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proceedings of the 1996 10th workshop on parallel and distributed simulation, PADS

Proceedings of the 1996 10th Workshop on Parallel and Distri...

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proceedings of the 1996 10th workshop on parallel and distributed simulation, PADS

The proceedings contains 24 papers. Topics discussed include load balancing in parallel simulation, asynchronous transfer mode networks, computer architecture, state saving and synchronization in parallel simulation, ... 详细信息

关键词： parallel processing systems

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parallel simulation of billiard balls using shared variables

Parallel simulation of billiard balls using shared variables

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proceedings of the 1996 10th workshop on parallel and distributed simulation, PADS

作者： MacKenzie, Peter A. Tropper, Carl McGill Univ Montreal Que Canada

Presented is a conservative algorithm for the parallel simulation of billiard balls. A spatial approach to these simulations is commonly employed, in which the billiard table is partitioned into segments which are simulated by different processors. The conservative algorithm differs from previous approaches in that it makes use of shared variables to enable processors to ascertain the state of the computation at neighboring processors. The shared variable corresponds to a region at the boundary of the table segments. By making use of shared variables a significant speed-up is obtained.

关键词： Computer simulation

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Design of high level modelling/high performance simulation environments

Design of high level modelling/high performance simulation e...

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proceedings of the 1996 10th workshop on parallel and distributed simulation, PADS

作者： Zeigler, Bernard P. Kim, Doohwan Univ of Arizona Tucson AZ United States

Advances in massively parallel platforms are increasing the prospects for high performance discrete event simulation. Still the difficulty in parallel programming persists and there is increasing demand for high level support for building discrete event models to execute on such platforms. We present a parallel DEVS-based (Discrete Event System Specification) simulation environment that can execute on distributed memory multicomputer systems with bench-marking results of a class of high resolution, large scale ecosystem models. Underlying the environment is a parallel container class library for hiding the details of message passing technology while providing high level abstractions for hierarchical, modular DEVS models. The C++ implementation working on the Thinking Machines CM-5 demonstrates that the desire for high level modeling support need not be irreconcilable with sustained high performance.

关键词： Computer simulation

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Conservative parallel simulation of ATM networks

Conservative parallel simulation of ATM networks

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proceedings of the 1996 10th workshop on parallel and distributed simulation, PADS

作者： Cleary, John G. Tsai, Jya-Jang Univ of Waikato New Zealand

A new conservative algorithm for both parallel and sequential simulation of networks is described. The technique is motivated by the construction of a high performance simulator for ATM networks. It permits very fast execution of models of ATM systems, both sequentially and in parallel. A simple analysis of the performance of the system is made. Initial performance results from parallel and sequential implementations are presented and compared with comparable results from an optimistic TimeWarp based simulator. It is shown that the conservative simulator performs well when the 'density' of messages in the simulated system is high, a condition which is likely to hold in many interesting ATM scenarios.

关键词： Computer simulation

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Conservative circuit simulation on shared-memory multiprocessors

Conservative circuit simulation on shared-memory multiproces...

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proceedings of the 1996 10th workshop on parallel and distributed simulation, PADS

作者： Keller, Joerg Rauber, Thomas Rederlechner, Bernd Universitaet des Saarlandes Saarbruecken Germany

We investigate conservative parallel discrete event simulations for logical circuits on shared-memory multiprocessors. For a first estimation of the possible speedup, we extend the critical path analysis technique by partitioning strategies. To incorporate overhead due to the management of data structures, we use a simulation on an ideal parallel machine (PRAM). This simulation can be directly executed on the SB-PRAM prototype, yielding both an implementation and a basis for data structure optimizations. One of the major tools to achieve these is the SB-PRAM's hardware support for parallel prefix operations. Our reimplementation of the PTHOR program on the SB-PRAM yields substantially higher speedups than before.

关键词： Computer simulation

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Performance evaluation methodology for parallel simulation protocols

Performance evaluation methodology for parallel simulation p...

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proceedings of the 1996 10th workshop on parallel and distributed simulation, PADS

作者： Jha, Vikas Bagrodia, Rajive UCLA Los Angeles United States

Most experimental studies of the performance of parallel simulation protocols use speedup or number of events processed per unit time as the performance metric. Although helpful in evaluating the usefulness of parallel simulation for a given simulation model, these metrics tell us little about the efficiency of the simulation protocol used. In this paper, we describe an Ideal simulation Protocol (ISP), based on the concept of critical path, which experimentally computes the best possible execution time for a simulation model on a given parallel architecture. Since ISP computes the bound by actually executing the model on the given parallel architecture, it is much more realistic than that computed by a uniprocessor critical path analysis. The paper illustrates, using parameterized synthetic benchmarks, how an ISP-based performance evaluation can lead to much better insights into the performance of parallel simulation protocols than what would be gained from speedup graphs alone.

关键词： Computer simulation

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