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Optimal latency - throughput tradeoffs for data parallel pipelines 96

Optimal latency - throughput tradeoffs for data parallel pip...

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proceedings of the 1996 8th annual acm symposium on parallel algorithms and architectures

作者： Subhlok, Jaspal Vondran, Gary Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780897918091

This paper addresses optimal mapping of parallel programs composed of a chain of data parallel tasks onto the processors of a parallel system. The input to this class of programs is a stream of data sets, each of which is processed in order by the chain of tasks. This computation structure, also referred to as a data parallel pipeline, is common in several application domains including digital signal processing, image processing, and computer vision. The parameters of the performance of stream processing are latency (the time to process an individual data set) and throughput (the aggregate rate at which the data sets are processed). These two criterion are distinct since multiple data sets can be pipelined or processed in parallel. We present a new algorithm to determine a processor mapping of a chain of tasks that optimizes the latency in the presence of throughput constraints, and discuss optimization of the throughput with latency constraints. The problem formulation uses a general and realistic model of inter-task communication, and addresses the entire problem of mapping, which includes clustering tasks into modules, assignment of processors to modules, and possible replication of modules. The main algorithms are based on dynamic programming and their execution time complexity is polynomial in the number of processors and tasks. The entire framework is implemented as an automatic mapping tool in the Fx parallelizing compiler for a dialect of High Performance Fortran.

关键词： parallel processing systems

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High-probability parallel transitive closure algorithms 90

High-probability parallel transitive closure algorithms

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SPAA '90 - proceedings of the 2nd annual acm symposium on parallel algorithms and architectures

作者： Ullman, Jeffrey D. Yannakakis, Mihalis Stanford Univ Stanford KY United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897913701

The authors address the apparently difficult problem of doing parallel transitive closure when the (directed) graph is sparse and/or, only single-source information is desired. O(e) work is their target for the single-source problem. When the graph is sparse, then the all-pairs transitive closure problem can be solved by performing a depth-first search from each node, taking O(ne) time;that is their target for the all-pairs problem. The authors do not reach either target, except for the all-pairs case when e is fairly large. However, they make significant progress, in the sense that they have the first algorithms that simultaneously use time much less than linear and use work that is less than M(n).

关键词： Computer programming

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Fast and reliable parallel hashing 91

Fast and reliable parallel hashing

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3rd annual acm symposium on parallel algorithms and architectures - SPAA'91

作者： Bast, H. Saarlands, U. Hagerup, T. Fachbereich Informatik Universität des Saarlandes W-6600 Saarbrücken Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik W-6600 Saarbrücken Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0897914384

A perfect hash function for a (multi)set X of n integers is an infective function h : X → {1,., s}, where s = O(n), that can be stored in O(n) space and evaluated in constant time by a single processor. We show that a perfect hash function for a given multiset of n integers can be constructed optimally in O(log∗n) time using O(n/log∗n) processors. Our algorithm is faster than all previously published methods. More significantly, it is highly reliable: Whereas analyses of previous fast parallel hashing schemes provided bounds on the expected resource requirements only, our algorithm is guaranteed to stay within the bounds given with overwhelming probability. © 1991 acm.

关键词： Hash functions

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SPAA 2024 - proceedings of the 36th acm symposium on parallelism in algorithms and architectures

SPAA 2024 - Proceedings of the 36th ACM Symposium on Paralle...

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36th acm symposium on parallelism in algorithms and architectures, SPAA 2024

ISBN: (纸本)9798400704161

The proceedings contain 54 papers. The topics discussed include: expediting hazard pointers with bounded RCU critical sections;Alock: asymmetric lock primitive for RDMA systems;when is parallelism fearless and zero-cost with rust?;efficient parallel reinforcement learning framework using the reactor model;parallel best arm identification in heterogeneous environments;brief announcement: lock-free learned search data structure;brief announcement: LIT: lookup interlocked table for range queries;brief announcement: a fast scalable detectable unrolled lock-based linked list;scheduling out-trees online to optimize maximum flow;optimizing dynamic data center provisioning through speed scaling: a primal-dual perspective;scheduling jobs with work-inefficient parallel solutions;and multi bucket queues: efficient concurrent priority scheduling.

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Can a shared-memory model serve as a bridging model for parallel computation?

Can a shared-memory model serve as a bridging model for para...

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proceedings of the 1997 9th annual acm symposium on parallel algorithms and architectures, SPAA

作者： Gibbons, Phillip B. Matias, Yossi Ramachandran, Vijaya Lucent Technologies Murray Hill United States

We consider the question of whether a shared-memory model can serve as an effective bridging model for parallel computation along the lines of a distributed-memory model such as the BSP. As a candidate for a shared-memory bridging model, we introduce the Queuing Shared Memory (QSM) model, which accounts for limited communication bandwidth while still providing a simple shared-memory abstraction. We substantiate the ability of the QSM to serve as a bridging model by providing a simple work-preserving emulation of the QSM on both the BSP, and on a related model, the (d,x)-BSP. We present evidence that the features of the QSM are essential to its effectiveness as a bridging model. In addition, we describe scenarios in which the high-level QSM is more suited for analyzing algorithms on certain machines than the more detailed BSP and LogP models. Finally, we present algorithmic results for the QSM, as well as general strategies for mapping algorithms designed for the BSP or PRAM models onto the QSM model. Our main conclusion is that shared-memory models can potentially serve as viable alternatives to existing message-passing, distributed-memory bridging models.

关键词： parallel processing systems

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More time-work tradeoffs for parallel graph algorithms 91

More time-work tradeoffs for parallel graph algorithms

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3rd annual acm symposium on parallel algorithms and architectures, SPAA 1991

作者： Spencer, Thomas H. Computer Science Department Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897914384

Some parallel algorithms have the property that, as they are allowed to take more time, the total work that they do is reduced. This paper describes three such algorithms that find the strongly connected components of a directed graph. Two of these algorithms are Las Vegas algorithms that run in Õ(t) time and do Õ(n3/t2 + m) and Õ(mn/t + n3/t3) work, respectively. The third is a Monte Carlo algorithm that also runs in O(t) time, but does O (mn + n3/t5) work. The Õ notation means to ignore logarithmic factors. It is also possible to solve the single source shortest path problem with edge lengths between 1 and L in O((n/ρ) log n log(ρL)) time while doing O(nρ 2 log ρ log(ρL)) + Õ(m + n log L) work. Finally, the problem of finding an ear decomposition of a strongly connected directed graph can be reduced to the problem of finding a spanning tree with a. specified root. © 1991 acm.

关键词： Directed graphs

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Using tadpoles to reduce memory and communication requirements for exhaustive, breadth-first search using distributed computers 97

Using tadpoles to reduce memory and communication requiremen...

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proceedings of the 1997 9th annual acm symposium on parallel algorithms and architectures, SPAA

作者： Cooperman, Gene Tselman, Michael Northeastern Univ Boston MA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780897918909

A parallel variant of breadth-first search for distributed computing is presented. The variant allows exhaustive enumeration of elements of a search space (implicitly defined graph) in which the representation of all graph nodes would otherwise require more than the total available memory. This algorithm requires the use of a tadpole data structure to partition the search space into connected subgraphs, with each subgraph stored within the memory of a single processor. Thus, the graph of the nodes are stored in a way that adds greater spatial locality, thereby reducing communication among processors. The algorithm enumerates the tadpoles in a breadth-first manner while executing depth-first search within each tadpole. The search within each tadpole is reduced to tree search. A parameter is defined that allows a linear tradeoff in which memory and communication are each reduced linearly as CPU time grows. The result appears to fill a gap in the literature, which has concentrated on parallel depth-first search, but has been relatively sparse in the case of parallel breadth-first search.

关键词： parallel processing systems

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Issues and directions in scalable parallel computing 93

Issues and directions in scalable parallel computing

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proceedings of the 12th annual acm symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing

作者： Snir, Marc T.J. Watson Research Cent Yorktown Heights NY United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897916131

The design and use of scalable parallel computers is discussed. Much of the knowledge gained in the study of distributd systems is relevant, although it needs to be used in new manners. The author argues that the challenge is to achieve maximum reuse of existing technologies, microprocessor architectures, I/O systems, programming languages, operating systems, application codes, without compromising too much parallel performance and scalability. Such skillful compromises are essential to the success of the parallel processing industry, and pose even more intellectual challenges than the 'start from scratch' approach.

关键词： parallel processing systems

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Analysis of dag-consistent distributed shared-memory algorithms

Analysis of dag-consistent distributed shared-memory algorit...

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proceedings of the 1996 8th annual acm symposium on parallel algorithms and architectures

作者： Blumofe, Robert D. Frigo, Matteo Joerg, Christopher F. Leiserson, Charles E. Randall, Keith H. Univ of Texas at Austin Austin TX United States

In this paper, we analyze the performance of parallel multithreaded algorithms that use dag-consistent distributed shared memory. Specifically, we analyze execution time, page faults, and space requirements for multithreaded algorithms executed by a work-stealing thread scheduler and the BACKER coherence algorithm for maintaining dag consistency. We prove that if the accesses to the backing store are random and independent (the BACKER algorithm actually uses hashing), then the expected execution time of a `fully strict' multithreaded computation on P processors, each with an LRU cache of C pages, is O(T1(C)/P+mCT∞), where T1(C) is the total work of the computation including page faults, T∞ is its critical-path length excluding page faults, and m is the minimum page transfer time. As a corollary to this theorem, we show that the expected number of page faults incurred by a computation executed on P processors, each with an LRU cache of C pages, is F1(C)+O(CPT∞), where F1(C) is the number of serial page faults. Finally, we give simple bounds on the number of page faults and the space requirements for `regular' divide-and-conquer algorithms. We use these bounds to analyze parallel multithreaded algorithms for matrix multiplication and LU-decomposition.

关键词： parallel algorithms

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Modeling the benefits of mixed data and task parallelism 95

Modeling the benefits of mixed data and task parallelism

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proceedings of the 7th annual acm symposium on parallel algorithms and architectures, SPAA'95

作者： Chakrabarti, Soumen Demmel, James Yelick, Katherine U.C. Berkeley Berkeley CA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780897917179

Mixed task and data parallelism exists naturally in many applications, but utilizing it may require sophisticated scheduling algorithms and software support. Recently, significant research effort has been applied to exploiting mixed parallelism in both theory and systems communities. In this paper, we ask how much mixed parallelism will improve performance in practice, and how architectural evolution impacts these estimates. First, we build and validate a performance model for a class of mixed task and data parallel problems based on machine and problem parameters. Second, we use this model to estimate the gains from mixed parallelism for some scientific applications on current machines. This quantifies our intuition that mixed parallelism is best when either communication is slow or the number of processors is large. Third, we show that, for balanced divide and conquer trees, a simple one-time switch between data and task parallelism gets most of the benefit of general mixed parallelism. Fourth, we establish upper bounds to the benefits of mixed parallelism for irregular task graphs. Apart from these detailed analyses, we provide a framework in which other applications and machines can be evaluated.

关键词： parallel processing systems

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