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2003 acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming

作者： Cintra, Marcelo Llanos, Diego R. School of Informatics University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom Departamento de Informática Universidad de Valladolid Valladolid Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781581135886

With speculative parallelization, code sections that cannot be fully analyzed by the compiler are aggressively executed in parallel. Hardware schemes are fast but expensive and require modifications to the processors and memory system. Software schemes require no extra hardware but can be inefficient. This paper proposes a new software-only speculative parallelization scheme. The scheme is developed after a systematic evaluation of the design options available and is shown to be efficient and robust and to outperform previously proposed schemes. The novelty and performance advantage of the scheme stem from the use of carefully tuned data structures, synchronization policies, and scheduling mechanisms. Experimental results show that our scheme has small overheads and, for applications with few or no data dependence violations, realizes on average 71% of the speedup of a manually parallelized version of the code, outperforming two recently proposed software-only speculative parallelization schemes. For applications with many data dependence violations, our performance monitors and switches can effectively curb the performance degradation.

关键词： parallel processing systems

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Phoenix: A parallel programming model for accommodating dynamically joining/leaving resources 03

Phoenix: A parallel programming model for accommodating dyna...

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2003 acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming

作者： Taura, Kenjiro Endo, Toshio Kaneda, Kenji Yonezawa, Akinori University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan PRESTO JST 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781581135886

This paper proposes Phoenix, a programming model for writing parallel and distributed applications that accommodate dynamically joining/leaving compute resources. In the proposed model, nodes involved in an application see a large and fixed virtual node name space. They communicate via messages, whose destinations are specified by virtual node names, rather than names bound to a physical resource. We describe Phoenix API and show how it allows a transparent migration of application states, as well as dynamically joining/leaving nodes as its by-product. We also demonstrate through several application studies that Phoenix model is close enough to regular message passing, thus it is a general programming model that facilitates porting many parallel applications/algorithms to more dynamic environments. Experimental results indicate applications that have a small task migration cost can quickly take advantage of dynamically joining resources using Phoenix. Divide-and-conquer algorithms written in Phoenix achieved a good speedup with a large number of nodes across multiple LANs (120 times speedup using 169 CPUs across three LANs). We believe Phoenix provides a useful programming abstraction and platform for emerging parallel applications that must be deployed across multiple LANs and/or shared clusters having dynamically varying resource conditions.

关键词： Computer programming

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Impala: a middleware system for managing autonomic, parallel sensor systems 03

Impala: a middleware system for managing autonomic, parallel...

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9th acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming

作者： Liu, T Martonosi, M Princeton Univ Dept Comp Sci Princeton NJ 08544 USA Princeton Univ Dept Elect Engn Princeton NJ 08544 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781581135886

Sensor networks are long-running computer systems with many sensing/compute nodes working to gather information about their environment, process and fuse that information, and in some cases, actuate control mechanisms in response. Like traditional parallel systems, communication between nodes is of fundamental importance, but is typically accomplished via wireless transceivers. One further key attribute of sensor networks is that they are almost always long-running systems, intended to operate in situ, with minimal direct human intervention, for months or years. This requirement for long-running autonomy mandates careful design of the runtime system that manages applications on each node, to ensure reliability and ease of upgrades over the life of the system. This paper describes Impala, a middleware architecture that enables application modularity, adaptivity, and repair-ability in wireless sensor networks. Impala allows software updates to be received via the node's wireless transceiver and to be applied to the running system dynamically. In addition, Impala also provides an interface for on-the-fly application adaptation in order to improve the performance, energy-efficiency, and reliability of the software system. Impala has been designed to be a part of the ZebraNet mobile sensor network, but we are also prototyping it within HP/Compaq iPAQ Pocket PC handhelds. We present performance data for both real system measurements of the Pocket PC version as well as simulations of a full mobile sensor system deployment. Overall, Impala is a lightweight runtime system that can greatly improve system reliability, performance, and energy-efficiency. The ideas introduced here for sensor networks have applicability more broadly in other long-running autonomous parallel systems as well.

关键词： design experimentation performance sensor networks middleware system software adaptation software update

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parallel 'go with the winners' algorithms in distributed memory models

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JOURNAL OF parallel AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING 2003年第9期63卷 801-814页

作者： Peinado, M Lengauer, T Microsoft Corp Redmond WA 98052 USA Max Planck Inst Comp Sci D-66123 Saarbrucken Germany

We parallelize the 'go with the winners' algorithm of Aldous and Vazirani (in: proceedings of the 35th IEEE symposium on the Foundations of Computer Science, IEEE Computer Society Press, Silver Spring., MD, 1994, pp. 492-501) and analyze the resulting parallel algorithm in the LogP-model (in: proceedings of the Fourth acm sigplan symposium on principles & practice of parallel programming, 1993, pp. 1-12). The main issues in the analysis are load imbalances and communication delays. The result of the analysis is a practical algorithm which, under reasonable assumptions, achieves linear speedup. Finally, we analyze our algorithm for a concrete application: generating models of amorphous chemical structures. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： parallel algorithms go with the winners LogP model second moment method load balancing amorphous solids self-avoiding walks

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programming the FlexRAM parallel intelligent memory system 03

Programming the FlexRAM parallel intelligent memory system

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2003 acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming

作者： Fraguela, Basilio B. Renau, Jose Feautrier, Paul Padua, David Torrellas, Josep Dept. de Electronics Universidade da Coruña La Coruna Spain Dept. of Computer Science Univ. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL United States LIP Ecl. Normale Sup. de Lyon Lyon France

ISBN: (纸本)9781581135886

In an intelligent memory architecture, the main memory of a computer is enhanced with many simple processors. The result is a highly-parallel, heterogeneous machine that is able to exploit computation in the main memory. While several instantiations of this architecture have been proposed, the question of how to effectively program them with little effort has remained a major challenge. In this paper, we show how to effectively hand-program an intelligent memory architecture at a high level and with very modest effort. We use FlexRAM as a prototype architecture. To program it, we propose a family of high-level compiler directives inspired by OpenMP called CFlex. Such directives enable the processors in memory to execute the program in cooperation with the main processor. In addition, we propose libraries of highly-optimized functions called Intelligent Memory Operations (IMOs). These functions program the processors in memory through CFlex, but make them completely transparent to the programmer. Simulation results show that, with CFlex and IMOs, a server with 64 simple processors in memory runs on average 10 times faster than a conventional server. Moreover, a set of conventional programs with 240 lines on average are transformed into CFlex parallel form with only 7 CFlex directives and 2 additional statements on average.

关键词： parallel processing systems

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Compiler support for speculative multithreading architecture with probabilistic points-to analysis

Compiler support for speculative multithreading architecture...

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2003 acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming

作者： Chen, Peng-Sheng Hung, Ming-Yu Hwang, Yuan-Shin Ju, Roy Dz-Ching Lee, Jenq Kuen Department of Computer Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Department of Computer Science National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung 202 Taiwan Microprocessor Research Lab. Intel Corporation Santa Clara CA 95052 United States

Speculative multithreading (SpMT) architecture can exploit thread-level parallelism that cannot be identified statically. Speedup can be obtained by speculatively executing threads in parallel that are extracted from a sequential program. However, performance degradation might happen if the thread: are highly dependent, since a recovery mechanism will be activated when a speculative thread executes incorrectly and such a recovery action usually incurs a very high penalty. Therefore, it is essential for SpMT to quantify the degree of dependences and to turn off speculation if the degree of dependences passes certain thresholds. This paper presents a technique that quantitatively computes dependences between loop iterations and such information can be used to determine if loop iterations can be executed in parallel by speculative threads. This technique can be broken into two steps. First probabilistic points-to analysis is performed to estimate the probabilities of points-to relationships in case there are pointer references in programs, and then the degree of dependences between loop iterations is computed quantitatively. Preliminary experimental results show compiler-directed thread-level speculation based on the information gathered by this technique can achieve significant performance improvement on SpMT.

关键词： parallel processing systems

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Improving server software support for simultaneous multithreaded processors

Improving server software support for simultaneous multithre...

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2003 acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming

作者： McDowell, Luke K. Eggers, Susan J. Gribble, Steven D. University of Washington Department of Computer Science Box 352350 Seattle WA 98195 United States

Simultaneous multithreading (SMT) represents a fundamental shift in processor capability. SMTs ability to execute multiple threads simultaneously within a single CPU offers tremendous potential performance benefits. However, the structure and behavior of software affects the extent to which this potential can be achieved. Consequently, just like the earlier arrival of multiprocessors, the advent of SMT processors prompts a needed re-evaluation of software that will run on them. This evaluation is complicated, since SMT adopts architectural features and operating costs of both its predecessors (uniprocessors and multiprocessors). The crucial task for researchers is to determine which software structures and policies - multiprocessor, uniprocessor, or neither - are most appropriate for SMT. This paper evaluates how SMT's changes to the underlying hardware affects server software, and in particular, SMT's effects on memory allocation and synchronization. Using detailed simulation of an SMT server implemented in three different thread models, we find that the default policies often provided with multiprocessor operating systems produce unacceptably low performance. For each area that we examine, we identify better policies that combine techniques from both uniprocessors and multiprocessors. We also uncover a vital aspect of multi-threaded synchronization (interaction with operating system thread scheduling) that previous research on SMT synchronization had overlooked. Overall, our results demonstrate how a few simple changes to applications' run-time support libraries can dramatically boost the performance of multi-threaded servers on SMT, without requiring modifications to the applications themselves.

关键词： parallel processing systems

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CC-MPI: A compiled communication capable MPI prototype for ethernet switched clusters 03

CC-MPI: A compiled communication capable MPI prototype for e...

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2003 acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming

作者： Karwande, Amit Yuan, Xin Lowenthal, David K. Dept. of Computer Science Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 United States Dept. of Computer Science University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781581135886

Compiled communication has recently been proposed to improve communication performance for clusters of workstations. The idea of compiled communication is to apply more aggressive optimizations to communications whose information is known at compile time. Existing MPI libraries do not support compiled communication. In this paper, we present an MPI prototype, CC-MPI, that supports compiled communication on Ethernet switched clusters. The unique feature of CC-MPI is that it allows the user to manage network resources such as multicast groups directly and to optimize communications based on the availability of the communication information. CC-MPI optimizes one-to-all, one-to-many, all-to-all, and many-to-many collective communication routines using the compiled communication technique. We describe the techniques used in CC-MPI and report its performance. The results show that communication performance of Ethernet switched clusters can be significantly improved through compiled communication.

关键词： parallel processing systems

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Session details: programming distributed systems 03

Session details: Programming distributed systems

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proceedings of the ninth acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming

作者： Rudi Eigenmann Purdue University

No abstract available.

ISBN: (纸本)9781581135886

No abstract available.

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Session details: parallel matrix computations 03

Session details: Parallel matrix computations

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proceedings of the ninth acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming

作者： Rob Schreiber Hewlett Packard Laboratories

No abstract available.

ISBN: (纸本)9781581135886

No abstract available.

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