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检索条件"任意字段=Proceedings of the sixteenth workshop on Parallel and distributed simulation"

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Automatic selection of loop scheduling algorithms using reinforcement learning

Automatic selection of loop scheduling algorithms using rein...

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International workshop on Challenges of Large Applications in distributed Environments

作者： S. Dhandayuthapani I. Banicescu R.L. Carino E. Hansen J.R. Pabico M. Rashid Department of Computer Science and Engineering Mississippi State University USA Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS US Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Eng. Mississippi State Univ. USA Center for Computational Sciences-ERC Mississippi State University MS USA

This paper presents the design and implementation of a reinforcement learning agent that automatically selects appropriate loop scheduling algorithms for parallel loops embedded in time-stepping scientific applications executing on clusters. There may be a number of such loops in an application, and the loops may have different load balancing requirements. Further, loop characteristics may also change as the application progresses. Following a model-free learning approach, the learning agent assigned to a loop selects from a library the best scheduling algorithm for the loop during the lifetime of the application. The utility of the learning agent is demonstrated by its successful integration into the simulation of wave packets - an application arising from quantum mechanics. Results of statistical analysis using pairwise comparison of means on the running time of the simulation with and without the learning agent validate the effectiveness of the agent in improving the parallel performance of the simulation.

关键词： Scheduling algorithm Learning Load management Dynamic scheduling Concurrent computing Algorithm design and analysis Analytical models parallel processing Runtime Processor scheduling

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An auto-adaptive dead reckoning algorithm for distributed interactive simulation 99

An auto-adaptive dead reckoning algorithm for distributed in...

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proceedings of the thirteenth workshop on parallel and distributed simulation

作者： Wentong Cai Francis B. S. Lee L. Chen School of Applied Science Nanyang Technological University Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798

ISBN: (纸本)9780769501550

This paper describes a new, auto-adaptive algorithm for dead reckoning in DIS. In general dead-reckoning algorithms use a fixed threshold to control the extrapolation errors. Since a fixed threshold cannot adequately handle the dynamic relationships between moving entities, a multi-level threshold scheme is proposed. The definition of threshold levels is based on the concepts of area of interest (AOI) and sensitive region (SR), and the levels of threshold are adaptively adjusted based on the relative distance between entities during the simulation. Various experiments were conducted. The results show that the proposed auto-adaptive dead reckoning algorithm can achieve considerable reduction in update packets without sacrificing accuracy in extrapolation.

关键词： Relevance Filtering distributed Interactive simulation (DIS) Area of Interest (AOI) Multi-level Threshold Dead Reckoning Extrapolation Adaptive Algorithm. Sensitive Region (SR)

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On extending more parallelism to serial simulators 96

On extending more parallelism to serial simulators

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proceedings of the tenth workshop on parallel and distributed simulation

作者： David Nicol Philip Heidelberger Department of Computer Science The College of William and Mary Williamsburg VA IBM T.J. Watson Research Center P.O. Box 704 Yorktown Heights NY

ISBN: (纸本)9780818675393

The Utilitarian parallel Simulator (U.P.S.) extends parallelism to the CSIM sequential simulation tool by providing several new modeling constructs. Using conservative synchronization techniques, these constructs automatically support time-synchronized communications between CSIM submodels running on different processors. This paper describes extensions to U.P.S. that allow the user to assist U.P.S. by providing additional "process lookahead," thereby reducing the frequency of synchronizations. The use and effect on performance of process lookahead is described for several models. In a mobile cellular communications model, the use of process lookahead results in up to a 60% improvement in speedup on 32 nodes of the IBM SP2. A factor of 3 improvement is obtained on a closed queueing network simulation running on 32 nodes of the Intel Paragon.

关键词： queueing system communications network parallel simulation

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The local Time Warp approach to parallel simulation 93

The local Time Warp approach to parallel simulation

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proceedings of the seventh workshop on parallel and distributed simulation

作者： Hassan Rajaei Rassul Ayani Lars-Erik Thorelli

ISBN: (纸本)9781565550551

The two main approaches to parallel discrete event simulation – conservative and optimistic – are likely to encounter some limitations when the size and complexity of the simulation system increases. For such large scale simulations, the conservative approach appears to be limited by blocking overhead and sensitivity to lookahead, whereas the optimistic approach may become prone to cascading rollbacks, state saving overhead, and demands for larger memory space. These drawbacks restrict the synchronization schemes based on each of the two approaches from scaling up. A combined approach may resolve these limitations, while preserving and utilizing potential advantages of each method. However, the schemes proposed so far integrate the two views at the same level, i.e. local to a logical process, and hence may not be able to fully solve the problems. In this paper we propose the Local Time Warp method for parallel discrete-event simulation and present a novel synchronization scheme for it called HCTW. The new scheme hierarchically combines a Conservative Time Window algorithm with Time Warp and aims at reducing cascade rollbacks, sensitivity to lookahead, and the scalability problems. Local Time Warp is believed to be suitable for parallel machines equipped with thousands of processors and thus an appropriate candidate for simulation of large and complex systems.

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Optimistic simulation of parallel architectures using program executables 96

Optimistic simulation of parallel architectures using progra...

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proceedings of the tenth workshop on parallel and distributed simulation

作者： Sashikanth Chandrasekaran Mark D. Hill Computer Sciences Department University of Wisconsin-Madison 1210 West Dayton Street Madison WI

ISBN: (纸本)9780818675393

A key tool of computer architects is computer simulation at the level of detail that can execute program executables. The time and memory requirements of such simulations can be enormous, especially when the machine under design-the target-is a parallel machine. Thus, it is attractive to use parallel simulation, as successfully demonstrated by the Wisconsin Wind Tunnel (WWT). WWT uses a conservative simulation algorithm and eschews network simulation to make lookahead adequate. Nevertheless, we find most of WWT's slowdown to be due to the synchronization overhead in the conservative simulation algorithm. This paper examines the use of optimistic algorithms to perform parallel simulations of parallel machines. We first show that we can make optimistic algorithms work correctly even with WWT's direct execution of program executables. We checkpoint processor registers (integer, floating-point, and condition codes) and use executable editing to log the value of memory words just before they are overwritten by stores. Second, we consider the performance of two optimistic algorithms. The first executes programs optimistically, but performs protocol events (e.g., sending messages) conservatively. The second executes everything optimistically and is similar to Time Warp with lazy message cancellation. Unfortunately, both approaches make parallel simulation performance worse for the default WWT assumptions. We conclude by speculating on the performance of optimistic simulation when simulating (1) target network details, and (2) on hosts with high message latencies and no synchronization hardware.

关键词： Optimistic simulation State Saving parallel Machines Direct Execution

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Semi-asynchronous checkpointing for optimistic simulation on a Myrinet based NOW

Semi-asynchronous checkpointing for optimistic simulation on...

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workshop on Principles of Advanced and distributed simulation (PADS)

作者： F. Quaglia A. Santoro Dipartimento di Informatica e Sistemistica Università di Roma La Sapienza Rome Italy

ISBN: (纸本)076951104X

Great effort has been devoted to the design of optimized checkpointing strategies for optimistic parallel discrete event simulators. On the other hand, there is less work being done in the direction of improving the execution mode of any single checkpoint operation. Specifically, checkpoint operations are typically charged to the CPU, thus leading to freezing of the simulation application while checkpointing is in progress, i.e. the execution mode of the checkpointing protocol is typically synchronous. In this paper, we focus on improvements of the execution mode and present a software architecture, designed for Myrinet-based networks of workstations (NOWs), to avoid application freezing during any checkpoint operation, thus moving the execution itself towards an asynchronous mode. This is done by charging checkpoint operations to a hardware component that is distinct from the CPU, namely a DMA (direct memory access) engine. On the other hand, totally asynchronous checkpointing could suffer from data inconsistency whenever the content of a state buffer is accessed for further modifications while a checkpoint operation involving it has not yet completed. To avoid this, the architecture includes functionalities for resynchronization on demand. We have used these functionalities to implement an execution mode of the checkpointing protocol that we refer to as semi-asynchronous. By the results of an experimental study, we argue that the semi-asynchronous mode can be an effective solution to almost completely remove the delay associated with any checkpoint operation from the completion time of the simulation.

关键词： Checkpointing Design optimization Application software Discrete event simulation Protocols Software architecture Software design Workstations Hardware Engines

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An improved cost function for static partitioning of parallel circuit simulations using a conservative synchronization protocol 95

An improved cost function for static partitioning of paralle...

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proceedings of the ninth workshop on parallel and distributed simulation

作者： Kevin L. Kapp Thomas C. Hartrum Tom S. Wailes Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering School of Engineering Air Force Institute of Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9780818671203

Distributing computation among multiple processors is one approach to reducing simulation time for large VLSI circuit designs. However, parallel simulation introduces the problem of how to partition the logic gates and system behaviors of the circuit among the available processors in order to obtain maximum speedup. A complicating factor that is often ignored is the effect of the time-synchronization protocol (conservative [1] or optimistic [2]). Inherent in the partitioning problem is the question of how to effectively measure the relative quality of a partition. This paper describes an objective cost function for measuring the relative quality of a task partition that includes a synchronization factor for a conservative NULL-message protocol. A graph-based partitioning tool based on this cost function is used to perform the static task allocation for parallel simulation of a structural VHDL circuit. Results for two 1000 – 4000 gate circuits demonstrate that the additional consideration of the synchronization protocol in the cost function generates partitions that exhibit improved speedup.

关键词： logic CAD time-synchronization protocol parallel programming logic partitioning static partitioning conservative synchronization protocol VLSI circuit design parallel simulation parallel circuit simulations objective cost function graph-based partitioning tool discrete event simulation circuit analysis computing synchronization protocol

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Colored Petri net methods for performance analysis of scalable high-speed interconnects

Colored Petri net methods for performance analysis of scalab...

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International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS)

作者： L. Cherkasova A. Davis V. Kotov T. Rokicki Hewlett Packard Laboratories Palo Alto CA USA Comptuer Science Department University of Stanford Stanford CA USA

Large concurrent or distributed systems have proven notoriously difficult to comprehend due to their combinatoric complexity. There is a clear need for thorough formal system modeling at all design stages. Ease of use and validation capability are important criteria in method selection. It is important that the selection permit evaluation of design details with respect to performance and behavioral goals. Net models are a likely candidate to achieve the requisite needs of such a modeling environment. They provide both graphical and mathematical system modeling views which inherently enable both quantitative and qualitative analysis of the design. To demonstrate this claim, a colored Petri Net model and performance analysis of a particular scalable multiprocessor interconnect fabric is presented. The fundamental component of this fabric is an adaptive routing device, R2. The R2 fabric is based on the interconnection scheme used in the Mayfly parallel processing system.< >

关键词： Performance analysis Fabrics Routing Petri nets Modeling Topology Milling machines parallel processing Computer science Algorithm design and analysis

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A scheduling algorithm to optimize real-world applications

A scheduling algorithm to optimize real-world applications

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International Conference on distributed Computing Systems workshop

作者： M. Solar M. Inostroza University of Santiago Chile

This article presents a scheduling algorithm that assigns tasks represented in a directed acyclic graph (DAG). The behavior of the proposed algorithm is compared with the dominant sequence clustering (DSC) algorithm on a set of DAG tests. The tests were carried out on two sets of DAGs, one with tasks of arbitrary duration, and the other with tasks of unit time duration. When comparing the results for each algorithm in terms of parallel computation time, the proposed algorithm is superior in 75% of the cases, equal in 20% of the tests, and in those cases in which DSC outperforms the proposed algorithm (5% of the cases), it can be seen that the planning carried out by DSC uses a greater number of processors than the proposed algorithm, so that the performance in terms of CPU use is lower for DSC. The results obtained show that the proposed algorithm is superior in 100% of the cases when considering the number of processors used.

关键词： Scheduling algorithm Clustering algorithms Testing Concurrent computing parallel machines Computational modeling Aerospace simulation Process planning Processor scheduling Algorithm design and analysis

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The SPEEDES Persistence Framework and the Standard simulation Architecture 03

The SPEEDES Persistence Framework and the Standard Simulatio...

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proceedings of the seventeenth workshop on parallel and distributed simulation

作者： Dr. Jeffrey S. Steinman Jennifer W. Wong RAM Laboratories 10525 Vista Sorrento Parkway Suite 220 San Diego CA

ISBN: (纸本)9780769519708

This paper provides an overview of the SPEEDESpersistence framework that is currently used to automatecheckpoint/restart for the Joint simulation System. Thepersistence framework interfaces are documented in thispaper and are proposed standards for the Standardsimulation *** persistence framework fundamentally keeps trackof memory allocations and pointer references within ahigh-speed internal database linked with *** persistence, an object, and the collection of objectsit recursively references through pointers, can beautomatically packed into a buffer that is written to diskor sent as a message to another machine. Later, thatbuffer can be used to reconstruct the object and all of itsrecursively referenced objects. The reconstructed objectswill likely be instantiated at different memory *** persistence framework automatically updates allaffected pointer references to account for this *** persistence framework is fully integrated with theSPEEDES rollback infrastructure and built-in containerclass libraries that include an implementation of theStandard Template Library. These utilities automatesupport for optimistic event processing required by manyhigh-performance parallel and distributed timemanagement algorithms. In the future, persistence willenable dynamic load balancing algorithms to migratecomplex objects to different processors.

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