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检索条件"任意字段=Proceedings of the sixteenth workshop on Parallel and distributed simulation"

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A workstation-based parallel direct-execution simulator

A workstation-based parallel direct-execution simulator

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workshop on Principles of Advanced and distributed simulation (PADS)

作者： P.M. Dickens Illinois Institute of Technology USA

It is important to understand and efficiently predict the performance of large codes executing on massively parallel machines. However, these very large machines are scarce, expensive, and generally unavailable to large segments of the research community. It is therefore important to implement performance analysis tools for such machines on platforms that are readily available to the research community at large. To meet this need, we have ported LAPSE, a parallel direct-execution simulator, from the Intel Paragon to an ordinary cluster of workstations. The goal of this research is to provide researchers the opportunity to study codes designed for execution on a massively parallel machine while physically executing on a workstation cluster. However, we encountered significant performance problems when moving to a workstation cluster, due primarily to high communication and context switching costs. To reduce these costs, we implemented the virtual processors of the simulated system using light-weight threads rather than heavy-weight Unix processes. In this paper, we discuss the issues involved in moving from a process-based to a thread-based simulator, and demonstrate up to a four fold increase in performance by doing so.

关键词： Computational modeling Workstations Costs parallel machines Communication switching NASA Yarn Analytical models Computer simulation Scalability

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Prototype-oriented development of high-performance systems

Prototype-oriented development of high-performance systems

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IEEE International workshop on Software Engineering for parallel and distributed Systems

作者： G.R.R. Justo P. Vekariya T. Delaitre J. Zemerly S. Winter Centre for Parallel Computing University of Westminster London UK

We discuss the problem of developing performance-oriented software and the need for methodologies. We then present the EDPEPPS (Environment for Design and Performance Evaluation of Portable parallel Software) approach to the problem of designing and evaluating high-performance (parallel) applications. The EDPEPPS toolset is based on a rapid prototyping philosophy, where the designer synthesises a model of the intended software which may be simulated, and the performance is subsequently analysed using visualisation. The toolset combines a graphical design tool, a simulation facility, and a visualisation tool. The same design is used to produce a code suitable for simulation and real execution.

关键词： Prototypes Software prototyping Application software Software performance Analytical models Skeleton parallel processing Virtual prototyping Visualization Software engineering

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The dark side of risk (what your mother never told you about Time Warp)

The dark side of risk (what your mother never told you about...

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workshop on Principles of Advanced and distributed simulation (PADS)

作者： D.M. Nicol X. Liu Department of Computer Science Dartmouth College Hanover NH USA

This paper is a reminder of the danger of allowing "risk" when synchronizing a parallel discrete-event simulation: a simulation code that runs correctly on a serial machine may, when run in parallel, fail catastrophically. This can happen when Time Warp presents an "inconsistent" message to an LP, a message that makes absolutely no sense given the LP's state. Failure may result if the simulation modeler did not anticipate the possibility of this inconsistency. While the problem is not new, there has been little discussion of how to deal with it; furthermore the problem may not be evident to new users or potential users of parallel simulation. This paper shows how the problem may occur, and the damage it may cause. We show how one may eliminate inconsistencies due to lagging rollbacks and stale state, but then show that so long as risk is allowed it is still possible for an LP to be placed in a state that is inconsistent with model semantics, again making it vulnerable to failure. We finally show how simulation code can be tested to ensure safe execution under a risk-free protocol. Whether risky or risk-free, we conclude that under current practice the development of correct and safe parallel simulation code is not transparent to the modeler; certain protections must be included in model code or model testing that are not rigorously necessary if the simulation were executed only serially.

关键词： Protocols Libraries Discrete event simulation Testing Computer science Educational institutions Protection Operating systems Time warp simulation Computer languages

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Web computing skeleton: a case study

Web computing skeleton: a case study

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IEEE International workshop on Software Engineering for parallel and distributed Systems

作者： N.B. Serbedzija L. Botha A. Abbott J. Bishop GMD First Berlin Germany Computer Science Department University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa

An approach to provide a Web-based framework for distributed execution of collaborative applications is presented. The work is a part of a wider on-going project whose aim is to make environmental simulation models publicly available to Internet users. The Web computing skeleton has been constructed from prefabricated Web-enabled components with the ability to open and maintain Web connections and provide collaboration over the Internet. The case study illustrates how a single-user simulation system can be embedded in the skeleton, thus becoming widely available distributed application.

关键词： Skeleton Computer aided software engineering Internet Web server Collaboration Java distributed computing Collaborative work Object oriented modeling Application software

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Speculative parallel simulation with an adaptive throttle scheme

Speculative parallel simulation with an adaptive throttle sc...

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workshop on Principles of Advanced and distributed simulation (PADS)

作者： Seng Chuan Tay Yong Meng Teo Siew Theng Kong Department of Information Systems & Computer Science National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)0818679646

Excessive rollback recoveries due to overoptimistic event execution in time warp simulators often degrade their runtime performance. The paper presents a two-sided throttling scheme to dynamically adjust the event execution speed of time warp simulators. The proposed throttle is based on a new concept called global progress window, which allows the individual simulation process to be positioned on a global time scale, thereby accelerating or suspending their event execution. As each simulation process can be throttled to a steady state, excessive rollback recoveries due to causality errors can be avoided. To quantify the effect of rollbacks and for the purpose of comparing different time warp implementations, the authors propose two new measures called RPE (number of rollback events per committed event), and /spl epsi/ (relative effectiveness in reducing rollback overhead). Their implementation results show that the proposed throttle effectively regulates the proceeding of each simulation process, resulting in a significant reduction in rollback thrashing and elapsed time.

关键词： Computational modeling Discrete event simulation Time warp simulation Constraint optimization Synchronization Load management Acceleration Safety Information systems Computer science

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DEVS formalism as a framework for advanced distributed simulation

DEVS formalism as a framework for advanced distributed simul...

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International workshop on distributed Interactive simulation and Real Time Applications

作者： B.P. Zeigler Doohwan Kim H. Praehofer Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Arizona Tucson Tucson AZ USA Systems Theory and Information Engineering Johannes Kepler University Linz Linz Austria

Advanced distributed simulation (ADS) is an enabling concept to support the networked interaction of models and real-world elements resident at geographically dispersed sites planned for next-generation simulation environments such as the Joint simulation System (JSIMS). In this paper, we review the DEVS (discrete event systems specification) formalism and indicate why it provides the right framework to address many of the difficult technical issues that must be solved to enable ADS to provide infrastructures for distributed simulation. Then we address two of these issues in detail. The first issue addressed is the use of filtering and predictive contracts to reduce the tremendous amounts of data and control messages that must be transmitted in simulations. The second part focuses on scheduling and synchronization mechanisms for the efficient parallel execution of such models.

关键词： Computational modeling Computer simulation Discrete event simulation Contracts distributed computing Filtering Predictive models Analytical models Computer networks Next generation networking

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State saving for interactive optimistic simulation

State saving for interactive optimistic simulation

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workshop on Principles of Advanced and distributed simulation (PADS)

作者： S. Franks F. Gomes B. Unger J. Cleary Department of Computer Science University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada Department of Computer Science University of Waikato Hamilton New Zealand

Time Warp's optimistic scheduling requires the maintenance of simulation state history to support rollback in the event of causality violations. State history, and the ability to rollback the simulation, can provide unique functionality for human-in-the-loop simulation environments. This paper investigates the use of Time Warp to output valid simulation state in a near real-time manner, re-execute portions of the simulation, and interactively probe simulation values to ascertain underlying causes of transient behavior. A shared-memory, multi-threaded interactive simulation architecture is presented and the additional state saving requirements imposed by interactivity are examined. The shortcomings of existing state saving schemes lead us to propose multiplexed state saving (MSS). By interleaving check-pointing and incremental state logs MSS provides bounded rollback costs and asynchronous access to prior simulation state. The interaction algorithms and MSS form a scalable, bounded cost component suitable for use in a real-time interactive Time Warp system.

关键词： Time warp simulation Computational modeling Computer simulation Discrete event simulation History Computer science Costs Optimization methods Sampling methods Displays

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The threshold of event simultaneity 97

The threshold of event simultaneity

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proceedings of the eleventh workshop on parallel and distributed simulation

作者： Frederick Wieland The MITRE Corporation McLean Virginia

ISBN: (纸本)9780818679650

We revisit the notion of event simultaneity in the context of parallel and distributed simulation. Although the simulation community has recognized this problem for years, it has focused mainly on the mechanics of breaking event-time ties and has neither measured its extent nor considered its implications. Exant simulators (both serial and parallel) prohibit simultaneity either by user-specified event priorities or by an arbitrary (but well-documented) tie-breaking mechanism. We show, theoretically and empirically, that these strategies may lead to an invalid simulation. In doing so, we introduce the threshold of event simultaneity and use it to understand the semantics of simultaneity.

关键词： threshold of event simultaneity parallel simulation distributed simulation event-time ties tie-breaking mechanism user-specified event priorities parallel programming exant simulators

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Optimistic distributed simulation based on transitive dependency tracking

Optimistic distributed simulation based on transitive depend...

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workshop on Principles of Advanced and distributed simulation (PADS)

作者： O.P. Damani Yi-Min Wang V.K. Garg Department of Computer Sci. University of Texas at Austin USA AT and T Research Laboratories Murray Hill NJ USA Department of Elect. & Comp. Eng University of Texas at Austin USA

In traditional optimistic distributed simulation protocols, a logical process (LP) receiving a straggler rolls back and sends out anti-messages. The receiver of an anti-message may also roll back and send out more anti-messages. So a single straggler may result in a large number of anti-messages and multiple rollbacks of some LPs. In the authors' protocol, an LP receiving a straggler broadcasts its rollback. On receiving this announcement, other LPs may roll back but they do not announce their rollbacks. So each LP rolls back at most once in response to each straggler. Anti-messages are not used. This eliminates the need for output queues and results in simple memory management. It also eliminates the problem of cascading rollbacks and echoing, and results in faster simulation. All this is achieved by a scheme for maintaining transitive dependency information. The cost incurred includes the tagging of each message with extra dependency information and the increased processing time upon receiving a message. They also present the similarities between the two areas of distributed simulation and distributed recovery. They show how the solutions for one area can be applied to the other area.

关键词： Broadcasting Computational modeling Protocols IEEE news Memory management Costs Tagging

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Tolerant synchronization for distributed simulations of interconnected computer networks 97

Tolerant synchronization for distributed simulations of inte...

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proceedings of the eleventh workshop on parallel and distributed simulation

作者： Peter Martini Markus Rümekasten Jens Tölle University of Bonn Institute of Computer Science IV Römerstr. 164 53117 Bonn Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780818679650

This paper presents the tolerant, hybrid synchronization schema and its benefits for the parallel and distributed simulation of interconnected computer networks. The hybrid schema combines conservative and optimistic synchronization approaches by using lookahead for scheduling special events and using the flexibility of Time Warp in certain cases. In addition to these classical approaches the introduction of the |tolerance| allows the distributed modules to simulate further ahead than guaranteed by the conservative synchronization schema. This results in significantly smaller simulation runtimes and many other benefits.

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