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International workshop on Membrane Computing, WMC-CdeA 2002

International Workshop on Membrane Computing, WMC-CdeA 2002

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International workshop on Membrane Computing, WMC-CdeA 2002

ISBN: (纸本)3540006117

The proceedings contain 29 papers. The special focus in this conference is on Membrane Computing. The topics include: Molecular biology of bacteria and its relevance for P systems;a software simulation of transition P systems in Haskell;authentication of messages using P systems;a mzscheme implementation of transition P systems;preliminaries about some possible applications of P systems in linguistics;an application of dynamic P systems;parallel rewriting P systems without target conflicts;membrane systems and distributed computing;client–server P systems in modeling molecular interaction;P automata or purely communicating accepting P systems;simulating counter automata by P systems with symport/antiport;tissue P systems with contextual and rewriting rules;considerations on a multiset model for membrane computing;a survey of some variants of P systems and P systems without priorities are computationally universal.

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Four types of lookback 03

Four types of lookback

引用

workshop on Principles of Advanced and distributed simulation (PADS)

作者： G. Chen B.K. Szymanski Department of Computer Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780769519708

We present a classification that groups lookback into four types: direct strong lookback, universal strong lookback, direct weak lookback, and universal weak lookback. They are defined in terms of absolute and dynamic impact times. We discuss relationships between lookback types by considering when rollbacks and/or antimessages are avoided. From different types of lookback, we also derive three optimization techniques for optimistic simulation and point out their advantages over lazy cancellation. Finally, we show that all four types of lookback exist in the PCS network simulation and can be exploited by either lookback-based or optimistic protocols.

关键词： Protocols Personal communication networks Discrete event simulation Computer science Conferences

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DVS: an object-oriented framework for distributed Verilog simulation 03

DVS: an object-oriented framework for distributed Verilog si...

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workshop on Principles of Advanced and distributed simulation (PADS)

作者： L. Li H. Huang C. Tropper School of Computer Science McGill University Montreal Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9780769519708

There is a wide spread usage of hardware design languages (HDL) to speed up the time to market for the design of modern digital systems. Verification engineers can simulate hardware in order to verify its performance and correctness with help of an HDL. However, simulation can't keep pace with the growth in size and complexity of circuits and has become a bottleneck of the design process. distributed HDL simulation on a cluster of workstations has the potential to provide a cost effective solution to this problem. We describe the design and implementation of DVS, an object-oriented framework for distributed Verilog simulation. Verilog is an HDL which sees wide industrial use. DVS is an outgrowth of clustered time warp, originally developed for logic simulation. The design of the framework emphasizes simplicity and extensibility and aims to accommodate experiments involving partitioning and dynamic load balancing. Preliminary results obtained by simulating a 16 bit multiplier are presented.

关键词： Voltage control Hardware design languages Object oriented modeling Circuit simulation Time to market Digital systems Systems engineering and theory Process design Workstations Costs

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Maya: a multi-paradigm network modeling framework for emulating distributed applications

Maya: a multi-paradigm network modeling framework for emulat...

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workshop on Principles of Advanced and distributed simulation (PADS)

作者： J. Zhou Z. Ji M. Takai R. Bagrodia Parallel Computing Laboratory University of California Los Angeles CA USA

We present Maya, a multiparadigm, scalable and extensible network modelling framework for emulating distributed applications. A novel three tier architecture is proposed to integrate three disparate modelling paradigms, namely, discrete event models, analytical models and physical network interfaces into one unified framework of Maya. As the first effort to integrate all three paradigms into one framework, we discuss the implementations of Maya using Qualnet, fluid flow-based TCP model and physical network interface. It addresses the performance issues involved in attaining the real time constraints imposed by distributed applications and demonstrates the effectiveness of using analytical models in Maya. Furthermore, it identifies the negative impact on real time performance through the computation intensive ordinary differential equation (ODE) solver in the fluid flow model. A new approach to interleaved executions of the fluid flow model is proposed to hide ODE solver turnaround time. As a result, the percentage of packets missing their deadlines has been reduced from more than 6% to less than 0.2%.

关键词： Application software Computer networks Telecommunication traffic Traffic control Analytical models Fluid flow Network interfaces distributed computing Scalability parallel processing

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Scalable RTI-based parallel simulation of networks 03

Scalable RTI-based parallel simulation of networks

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workshop on Principles of Advanced and distributed simulation (PADS)

作者： K.S. Perumalla A. Park R.M. Fujimoto G.F. Riley Georgia Tech College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Technology Research Institute Atlanta GA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780769519708

Federated simulation interfaces such as the high level architecture (HLA) were designed for interoperability, and as such are not traditionally associated with high-performance computing. We present results of a case study examining the use of federated simulations using runtime infrastructure (RTI) software to realize large-scale parallel network simulators. We examine the performance of two different federated network simulators, and describe RTI performance optimizations that were used to achieve efficient execution. We show that RTI-based parallel simulations can scale extremely well and achieve very high speedup. Our experiments yielded more than 80-fold scaled speedup in simulating large TCP/IP networks, demonstrating performance of up to 6 million simulated packet transmissions per second on a Linux cluster. Networks containing up to two million network nodes (routers and end systems) were simulated.

关键词： Computational modeling Discrete event simulation Large-scale systems Computer interfaces Computer architecture Runtime Joining processes Standards development Software performance Educational institutions

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parallel network simulation under distributed Genesis 03

Parallel network simulation under distributed Genesis

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workshop on Principles of Advanced and distributed simulation (PADS)

作者： B.K. Szymanski Yu Liu Rashim Gupta Department of Computer Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780769519708

We describe two major developments in the general network simulation integration system (Genesis): the support for BGP protocol in large network simulations and distribution of the simulation memory among Genesis component simulations. Genesis uses a high granularity synchronization mechanism between parallel simulations simulating parts of a network. This mechanism uses checkpointed simulation state to iterate over the same time interval until convergence. It also replaces individual packet data for flows crossing the network partitions with statistical characterization of such flows over the synchronization time interval. We had achieved significant performance improvement over the sequential simulation for simulations with TCP and UDP traffic. However, this approach cannot be used directly to simulate dynamic routing protocols that use underlying network for exchanging protocol information, as no packets are exchanged in Genesis between simulated network parts. We have developed a new mechanism to exchange and synchronize BGP routing data among distributed Genesis simulators. The extended Genesis allows simulations of more realistic network scenarios, including routing flows, in addition to TCP or UDP data traffic. Large memory size required by simulation software hinders the simulation of large-scale networks. Based on our new support of distributed BGP simulation, we developed an approach to construct and simulate networks on distributed memory using Genesis simulators in such a way that each participating processor possesses only data related to the part of the network it simulates. This solution supports simulations of large-scale networks on machines with modest memory size.

关键词： Computational modeling Discrete event simulation Computer simulation Telecommunication traffic Traffic control Large-scale systems Convergence Routing protocols Frequency synchronization Computer science

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An open interface for parallelization of traffic simulation 03

An open interface for parallelization of traffic simulation

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International workshop/Symposium on distributed simulation and Real-Time Applications (DS-RT)

作者： D. Igbe N. Kalantery S. Ijaha S. Winter Centre for Parallel Computing University of Westminster London UK

ISBN: (纸本)9780769520360

In this paper, we present the implementation of a parallel road traffic simulation using the concept of lane cut points (LCP) in the Spider programming environment. LCP are storage buffers inserted into lane data structures at the road network partition edges. Vehicles enter a partition at the edges from an LCP and exit a partition edge into an LCP at the end of every simulation step. Spider, a parallel programming environment, which runs on PVM, coordinates the execution of the parallel traffic simulation.

关键词： Traffic control Computational modeling Roads Telecommunication traffic Microscopy Vehicles Buffer storage Data structures Costs Scalability

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The SPEEDES persistence framework and the standard simulation architecture

The SPEEDES persistence framework and the standard simulatio...

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workshop on Principles of Advanced and distributed simulation (PADS)

作者： J.S. Steinman J.W. Wong RAM Laboratories San Diego CA USA

We provide an overview of the SPEEDES persistence framework that is currently used to automate checkpoint/restart for the joint simulation system. The persistence framework interfaces are documented and standards are proposed for the standard simulation architecture. The persistence framework fundamentally keeps track of memory allocations and pointer references within a high-speed internal database linked with applications. With persistence, an object, and the collection of objects it recursively references through pointers, can be automatically packed into a buffer that is written to disk or sent as a message to another machine. Later, that buffer can be used to reconstruct the object and all of its recursively referenced objects. The reconstructed objects will likely be instantiated at different memory locations. The persistence framework automatically updates all affected pointer references to account for this fact. The persistence framework is fully integrated with the SPEEDES rollback infrastructure and built-in container class libraries that include an implementation of the standard template library. These utilities automate support for optimistic event processing required by many high-performance parallel and distributed time management algorithms. In the future, persistence will enable dynamic load balancing algorithms to migrate complex objects to different processors.

关键词： Object oriented modeling Libraries Object oriented databases Read-write memory Laboratories Network servers Buffer storage Containers Load management Heuristic algorithms

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Power-aware state dissemination in mobile distributed virtual environments 03

Power-aware state dissemination in mobile distributed virtua...

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workshop on Principles of Advanced and distributed simulation (PADS)

作者： W. Shi Kalyan Perumalla R. Fujimoto Georgia Institute of Technology College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780769519708

In distributed simulations, such as multiplayer distributed virtual environments (DVE), power consumption traditionally has not been a major design factor. However, emerging battery operated mobile computing platforms require revisiting DVE implementation approaches for maximizing power efficiency. We explore some implications of power considerations in DVE implementation over mobile handhelds connected by wireless networks. We focus on the state dissemination problem in DVEs and propose a new power aware dead reckoning framework for power efficient state dissemination. We highlight a fundamental tradeoff between state consistency and power consumption, and present an adaptive dead reckoning algorithm that attempts to dynamically optimize the tradeoff at runtime. We present a quantitative evaluation of our approach using a synthetic DVE benchmark application.

关键词： Wireless networks Energy consumption Dead reckoning Batteries Computational modeling Virtual environment Mobile computing Network interfaces Personal digital assistants Power measurement

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Utility analysis of parallel simulation 03

Utility analysis of parallel simulation

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workshop on Principles of Advanced and distributed simulation (PADS)

作者： D.M. Nicol Dartmouth College Hanover NH USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780769519708

parallel computers are used to execute discrete event simulations in contexts where a serial computer is unable to provide answers fast enough, and/or is unable to hold the simulation state in memory. Traditional research in parallel simulation has focused on the degree to which a parallel simulator provides speedup. We take a different view and ask how a parallel simulator provides increased user defined utility as a result of being able to simulate larger problem sizes. We develop a model where the utility of simulating a particular simulation is an increasing function of the problem size, and ask whether overall utility accrues faster on a parallel computer if one uses it to simulate one large problem in parallel, several smaller problem instances concurrently and each in parallel, or concurrently many small problem instances on single processors. We show that under our model assumptions, utility is accrued faster either by running one large problem instance in parallel using all the available processors, or by running one small problem instance per processor, concurrently. When we consider how to optimize the utility per unit cost we find that one either runs a large problem using all available processors, multiple small problems with one per processor, or a small problem using exactly one processor. Determination of the optimal configuration depends on the user's assessment of how rapidly utility grows with the problem size. Our main contribution is to show the linkage between the effectiveness of parallel simulation and a user's perception of the value of larger problem sizes. We show that if that utility grows less than linearly in the problem size, then use of parallelism is sub-optimal. We give precise relationships between our model parameters that govern when parallelism optimizes utility, and when it optimizes price-performance. We see that when model parameters are in a "normal" range, a user's perception of utility must grow significantly-e.g. proporti

关键词： Analytical models Computational modeling Computer simulation parallel processing Concurrent computing Cost function Educational institutions Discrete event simulation Context modeling Couplings

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