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检索条件"任意字段=Proceedings of the thirteenth workshop on Parallel and distributed simulation"

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An improved cost function for static partitioning of parallel circuit simulations using a conservative synchronization protocol 95

An improved cost function for static partitioning of paralle...

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proceedings of the ninth workshop on parallel and distributed simulation

作者： Kevin L. Kapp Thomas C. Hartrum Tom S. Wailes Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering School of Engineering Air Force Institute of Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9780818671203

Distributing computation among multiple processors is one approach to reducing simulation time for large VLSI circuit designs. However, parallel simulation introduces the problem of how to partition the logic gates and system behaviors of the circuit among the available processors in order to obtain maximum speedup. A complicating factor that is often ignored is the effect of the time-synchronization protocol (conservative [1] or optimistic [2]). Inherent in the partitioning problem is the question of how to effectively measure the relative quality of a partition. This paper describes an objective cost function for measuring the relative quality of a task partition that includes a synchronization factor for a conservative NULL-message protocol. A graph-based partitioning tool based on this cost function is used to perform the static task allocation for parallel simulation of a structural VHDL circuit. Results for two 1000 – 4000 gate circuits demonstrate that the additional consideration of the synchronization protocol in the cost function generates partitions that exhibit improved speedup.

关键词： logic CAD time-synchronization protocol parallel programming logic partitioning static partitioning conservative synchronization protocol VLSI circuit design parallel simulation parallel circuit simulations objective cost function graph-based partitioning tool discrete event simulation circuit analysis computing synchronization protocol

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parallel Discrete-Event simulation (PDES): a case study in design, development, and performance using SPEEDES 95

Parallel Discrete-Event Simulation (PDES): a case study in d...

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proceedings of the ninth workshop on parallel and distributed simulation

作者： Frederick Wieland Eric Blair Tony Zukas The MITRE Corporation 7525 Colshire Dr. McLean VA

ISBN: (纸本)9780818671203

Can parallel simulations efficiently exploit a network of workstations? Why haven't PDES models followed standard modeling methodologies? Will the field of PDES survive, and if so, in what form? Researchers in the PDES field have addressed these questions and others in a series of papers published in the last few years [1,2,3,4]. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on these questions, by documenting an actual case study of the development of an optimistically synchronized PDES application on a network of workstations. This paper is unique in that its focus is not necessarily on performance, but on the whole process of developing a model, from the physical system being simulated, through its conceptual design, validation, implementation, and, of course, its performance. This paper also presents the first reported performance results indicating the impact of risk on performance. The results suggest that the optimal value of risk is sensitive to the latency parameters of the communications network.

关键词： performance network of workstations implementation aerospace simulation validation flight simulation aerospace computing communications network SPEEDES discrete event simulation conceptual design parallel discrete-event simulation optimistically synchronized PDES operations research

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Efficient massively parallel simulation of dynamic channel assignment schemes for wireless cellular communications

Efficient massively parallel simulation of dynamic channel a...

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International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS)

作者： A.G. Greenberg B.D. Lubachevsky P.E. Wright D.M. Nicol AT and T Bell Laboratories Inc. USA College of William and Mary USA

Fast, efficient parallel algorithms are presented for discrete event simulations of dynamic channel assignment schemes for wireless cellular communication networks. The driving events are call arrivals and departures, in continuous time, to cells geographically distributed across the service area. A dynamic channel assignment scheme decides which call arrivals to accept, and which channels to allocate to the accepted calls, attempting to minimize call blocking while ensuring co-channel interference is tolerably low. Specifically, the scheme ensures that the same channel is used concurrently at different cells only if the pairwise distances between those cells are sufficiently large. Much of the complexity of the system comes from ensuring this separation. The network is modeled as a system of interacting continuous time automata, each corresponding to a cell. To simulate the model, we use conservative methods; i.e., methods in which no errors occur in the course of the simulation and so no rollback or relaxation is needed. Implemented on a 16 K processor MasPar MP-1, an elegant and simple technique provides speedups of about 15/spl times/ over an optimized serial simulation running on a high speed workstation. A drawback of this technique, typical of conservative methods, is that processor utilization is rather low. To overcome this, we developed new methods that exploit slackness in event dependencies over short intervals of time, thereby raising the utilization to above 50% and the speedup over the optimized serial code to about 120/spl times/ with respect to the workstation simulation.< >

关键词： Discrete event simulation Resource management Cellular networks Workstations Wireless communication Automata Land mobile radio cellular systems Educational institutions parallel algorithms Communication networks

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Empirical study of parallel trace-driven LRU cache simulators 95

Empirical study of parallel trace-driven LRU cache simulator...

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proceedings of the ninth workshop on parallel and distributed simulation

作者： David Nicol Eric Carr Department of Computer Science College of William and Mary Williamsburg VA Department of Math and Computer Science Carleton College Northfield MN

ISBN: (纸本)9780818671203

This paper reports on the performance of four parallel algorithms for simulating an associative cache operating under the LRU (Least-Recently-Used) replacement policy. Three of the algorithms are implemented on the MasPar MP-2. Another algorithm is a parallelization of an efficient serial algorithm on the Intel Paragon. We assess the strengths and weaknesses of these algorithms as a function of problem size and characteristics, and compare their performance on traces derived from execution of three SPEC92 benchmark programs.

关键词： associative cache content-addressable storage storage management cache storage parallel algorithms SPEC92 benchmark programs parallel trace-driven LRU cache simulators Least-Recently-Used replacement policy Intel Paragon efficient serial algorithm MasPar MP-2 virtual machines

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Performance comparison of real-time architectures using simulation

Performance comparison of real-time architectures using simu...

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IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA)

作者： Heejo Lee K. Toda Jong Kim K. Nishida E. Takahashi Y. Yamaguchi Department of Computer Science & Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang South Korea Electro Technical Laboratory Tsukuba Japan

This paper presents a performance comparison of real-time system architectures. A discrete event-driven, task-based simulator is developed for evaluating the performance of parallel and distributed real-time systems. Real-time system components such as processor, network architectures, and scheduling policy are included in the simulator. simulation results show that priority-based communication and scheduling are more suitable for real-time systems than FIFO-based. The strategy of having a dedicated processor, which produces no effect on task execution by scheduling and packet/interrupt handling, is proven to enhance schedulability and predictability. This paper suggests a method for finding an appropriate real-time architecture for users having real-time requirements through the performance prediction of real-time systems.

关键词： Real time systems Discrete event simulation Job shop scheduling Processor scheduling Computational modeling Predictive models Computer architecture Computer aided manufacturing Computer simulation Computer science

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Effectiveness of global event queues in rollback reduction and load balancing 95

Effectiveness of global event queues in rollback reduction a...

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proceedings of the ninth workshop on parallel and distributed simulation

作者： Sushil K. Prasad Basem Naqib Mathematics and Computer Science Georgia State University Atlanta

ISBN: (纸本)9780818671203

Compared to highly optimized optimistic simulators which use local event queues for individual processors on a shared-memory computer, we demonstrate that employing a single global event queue drastically reduces the number of rollbacks, brings down the storage requirements, and achieves superior load balance. On a bus-based Silicon Graphics multiprocessor, these virtues consistently translated into faster execution times and higher speedups on those synthetic networks of medium- to coarse-grained logical processes which were ridden with rollbacks and load imbalance on local-queue-based simulators. A dynamic randomization-based load distribution scheme for local-event-queue simulators is also shown to be an effective improvement.

关键词： discrete event simulation global event queues shared-memory computer global event queue rollback reduction load balancing parallel algorithms data structures shared memory systems resource allocation load distribution scheme

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The ultimate bead counter: efficient massively parallel simulation of ballistic deposition 95

The ultimate bead counter: efficient massively parallel simu...

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proceedings of the ninth workshop on parallel and distributed simulation

作者： Boris D. Lubachevsky Vladimir Privman Subhas C. Roy AT&T Bell Laboratories 600 Mountain Avenue Murray Hill NJ Department of Physics Clarkson Univercity Potsdam NY Department of Computer Science College of William and Mary Williamsburg VA

ISBN: (纸本)9780818671203

We simulate ballistic particle deposition wherein a large number of spherical particles are “dropped” vertically over a planar horizontal surface. Upon first contact (with the surface or with a previously deposited particle) each particle stops. This model helps material scientists to study the adsorption and sediment formation [1]. The model is sequential, with particles deposited one by one. We have found an equivalent formulation using a continuous time random process and we simulate the latter in parallel using a method similar to the one previously employed for simulating Ising spins [2]. We augment the parallel algorithm for simulating Ising spins with several techniques aimed at the increase of efficiency of producing the particle configuration and statistics collection. Some of these techniques are similar to [3], [4], [5]. We implement the resulting algorithm on a 16K PE MasPar MP-1 and a 4K PE MasPar MP-2. The parallel code runs on MasPar computers two orders of magnitude faster than an optimized sequential code runs on a fast workstation.

关键词： massively parallel simulation 16K PE MasPar MP-1 parallel algorithm Ising model digital simulation atom-surface impact parallel algorithms statistics collection physics computing particle configuration equivalent formulation ultimate bead counter material scientists Ising spins simulation 4K PE MasPar MP-2 continuous time random process ballistic deposition sediment formation adsorption sputter deposition

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The treatment of state in optimistic systems 95

The treatment of state in optimistic systems

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proceedings of the ninth workshop on parallel and distributed simulation

作者： David Bruce Defence Research Agency st. Andrews Road Malvern Worcestershire WR14 3PS United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9780818671203

Optimistic computation methods typically save copies of objects' state information, so that they can recover from erroneous “over-optimistic” computations. Such state saving is generally time and space consuming, and can be rather complicated both to implement and to use.I show how the data structure community's theory of persistence can be used not only to analyse and explain the treatment of state in optimistic systems, but also as a simple yet general mechanism for performing the necessary state saving with minimal impact on application *** results based on a benchmark application and an existing optimistic simulator are presented, showing that providing support for fully general object states is a realistic and practical option. In addition, I show how some existing state saving techniques—including support for shared state—can be derived, and discuss a number of ways in which the model might be extended.

关键词： state saving optimistic methods parallel discrete event simulation persistent data structures

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SGTNE: semi-global time of the next event algorithm 95

SGTNE: semi-global time of the next event algorithm

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proceedings of the ninth workshop on parallel and distributed simulation

作者： Azzedine Boukerche Carl Tropper School of Computer Science McGill University Montreal Canada H3A-2A7

ISBN: (纸本)9780818671203

This paper describes an extension of the TNE algorithm, the objective of which is to increase its parallelism and to break the inter-processor deadlocks inherent with the use of TNE. The algorithm, which we call the SGTNE algorithm (Semi Global TNE), is executed over a cluster of processors as opposed to TNE, which is executed over a cluster of processes assigned to a single processor. SGTNE helps to break the inter-processor deadlocks by executing a shortest path algorithm over a snapshot of the LPs in a cluster of processors. This paper discusses the algorithm and its implementation and reports on the performance results of simulations of a partitioned FCFS queueing network model executed on the Intel Paragon A4 multiprocessor machine. We also examine the impact of partitioning on the efficient implementation of the SGTNE algorithm. The results obtained indicate that SGTNE yields good speedups and that a partitioning which makes use of a strongly connected component algorithm results in a reduction of 30% in the running time of a simulation when compared to simple partitioning strategies. The results also indicate that SGTNE outperforms TNE.

关键词： discrete event simulation SGTNE partitioning parallel algorithms FCFS queueing network model inter-processor deadlock parallelism shortest path algorithm performance results

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Buffer management in shared-memory Time Warp systems 95

Buffer management in shared-memory Time Warp systems

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proceedings of the ninth workshop on parallel and distributed simulation

作者： Richard M. Fujimoto Kiran S. Panesar College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA

ISBN: (纸本)9780818671203

Mechanisms for managing message buffers in Time Warp parallel simulations executing on cache-coherent shared-memory multiprocessors are studied. Two simple buffer management strategies called the sender pool and receiver pool mechanisms are examined with respect to their efficiency, and in particular, their interaction with multiprocessor cache-coherence protocols. Measurements of implementations on a Kendall Square Research KSR-2 machine using both synthetic workloads and benchmark applications demonstrate that sender pools offer significant performance advantages over receiver pools. However, it is also observed that both schemes, especially the sender pool mechanism, are prone to severe performance degradations due to poor locality of reference in large simulations using substantial amounts of message buffer memory. A third strategy called the partitioned buffer pool approach is proposed that exploits the advantages of sender pools, but exhibits much better locality. Measurements of this approach indicate that the partitioned pool mechanism yields substantially better performance than both the sender and receiver pool schemes for large-scale, small-granularity parallel simulation *** central conclusions from this study are: (1) buffer management strategies play an important role in determining the overall efficiency of multiprocessor-based parallel simulators, and (2) the partitioned buffer pool organization offers significantly better performance than the sender and receiver pool schemes. These studies demonstrate that poor performance may result if proper attention is not paid to realizing an efficient buffer management mechanism.

关键词： message buffers multiprocessor-based parallel simulators buffer management message buffer memory multiprocessor cache-coherence protocols Kendall Square Research KSR-2 machine mall-granularity parallel simulation applications discrete event simulation cache-coherent shared-memory multiprocessors multiprocessing programs shared memory systems buffer storage message passing severe performance degradations sender pool time warp simulation receiver pool storage management partitioned pool mechanism shared-memory time warp systems partitioned buffer pool approach

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