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ECG-image-Kit: a synthetic image generation toolbox to facilitate deep learning-based electrocardiogram digitization

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PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT 2024年第5期45卷 055019-055019页

作者： Shivashankara, Kshama Kodthalu deepanshi Mehri Shervedani, Afagh Clifford, Gari D. Reyna, Matthew A. Sameni, Reza Georgia Inst Technol Sch Elect & Comp Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA Emory Univ Dept Biomed Informat Atlanta GA 30322 USA Univ Illinois Elect & Comp Engn Dept Chicago IL 60607 USA Georgia Inst Technol Dept Biomed Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA

Objective. Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of mortality globally, and electrocardiograms (ECGs) are crucial for diagnosing them. Traditionally, ECGs are stored in printed formats. However, these printouts, even when scanned, are incompatible with advanced ECG diagnosis software that require time-series data. Digitizing ECG images is vital for training machine learning models in ECG diagnosis, leveraging the extensive global archives collected over decades. deep learning models for image processing are promising in this regard, although the lack of clinical ECG archives with reference time-series data is challenging. Data augmentation techniques using realistic generative data models provide a solution. Approach. We introduce ECG-image-Kit, an open-source toolbox for generating synthetic multi-lead ECG images with realistic artifacts from time-series data, aimed at automating the conversion of scanned ECG images to ECG data points. The tool synthesizes ECG images from real time-series data, applying distortions like text artifacts, wrinkles, and creases on a standard ECG paper background. Main results. As a case study, we used ECG-image-Kit to create a dataset of 21 801 ECG images from the PhysioNet QT database. We developed and trained a combination of a traditional computer vision and deep neural network model on this dataset to convert synthetic images into time-series data for evaluation. We assessed digitization quality by calculating the signal-to-noise ratio and compared clinical parameters like QRS width, RR, and QT intervals recovered from this pipeline, with the ground truth extracted from ECG time-series. The results show that this deep learning pipeline accurately digitizes paper ECGs, maintaining clinical parameters, and highlights a generative approach to digitization. Significance. The toolbox has broad applications, including model development for ECG image digitization and classification. The toolbox currently supports data augmentation for

关键词： electrocardiogram (ECG) ECG digitization deep learning synthetic data data augmentation denoising CNN

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SA-BiSeNet: Swap attention bilateral segmentation network for real-time inland waterways segmentation

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IET image processing 2023年第1期17卷 166-177页

作者： Zhang, W. B. Wu, C. Y. Bao, Z. S. Beijing Univ Technol Fac Informat Technol Beijing 100124 Peoples R China

The technology for autonomous navigation on inland waterways is worth investigating, and navigable water surface segmentation is a key part of this technology. Semantic segmentation methods based on deep learning are able to distinguish between water surface areas and non-water surface areas. However, existing semantic segmentation methods cannot meet the requirements of the water surface segmentation task in terms of both segmentation precision and real-time performance. In this study, a Swap Attention Bilateral Segmentation Network (SA-BiSeNet) is proposed to improve segmentation performance while ensuring model inference speed by better fusing the two features of the dual-branch down-sampling network using the attention mechanism. Specifically, an innovative Swap Attention Module is designed to model the dependency between the features of the spatial detail branch and the features of the semantic branches, thus expanding the receptive fields of the spatial detail and semantic branches to each other's global contexts. This design can effectively fuse features and thus enhance feature representation. Experiments were conducted on the inland waterway dataset USVInland to verify the performance of SA-BiSeNet in terms of segmentation precision and inference speed, and SA-BiSeNet achieved 93.65% Mean IoU and maintained the same level of fps as the baseline.

关键词： image segmentation feature extraction semantic branches water surface segmentation task inland waterway dataset USVInland real-time inland waterways segmentation Neural nets inference speed water surface areas nonwater surface areas segmentation performance SA-BiSeNet Swap attention bilateral segmentation network Optical, image and video signal processing Computer vision and image processing techniques innovative Swap Attention Module real-time performance object detection deep learning (artificial intelligence) navigable water surface segmentation semantic segmentation methods Swap Attention Bilateral Segmentation Network segmentation precision geophysical image processing

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deep learning model for early prediction of material fracture in tensile testing

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NEURAL COMPUTING & APPLICATIONS 2024年第18期36卷 10461-10474页

作者： Jubair, Fahed Alhamayel, Ahmad Aljaiose, Raed Darabkh, Khalid A. Univ Jordan Sch Engn Comp Engn Dept Amman 11942 Jordan

Tensile testing (aka tension testing) is a widely employed mechanical testing technique for analyzing materials' properties and behavior under applied stress. Tensile testing plays a pivotal role in helping engineers to make informed decision about material selection and usage. Despite its importance, there is a limited numbers of studies that explored the potential of AI techniques for real time monitoring and material behavior prediction in tensile testing. To this end, this work presents a deep learning model designed to predict the material's condition throughout tensile testing and provide an early warning prior to fracture. By leveraging a comprehensive dataset of tension test video samples, the proposed model utilizes both convolution and recurrent neural networks to extract pertinent spatial and temporal visual features, thereby predicting the frames at which material deformation and fracture occur. The evaluation results of our research showed that the proposed model achieved a predictive ability with an F1-score of 97%, on average. The implications of our research are significant for industries and researchers in the field of materials science and engineering. By accurately predicting material status, our model enables automounts, real time analysis of material behavior during tensile testing, leading to better time and cost efficiency in various applications.

关键词： Tensile testing Material deformation Material fracture deep learning image processing EfficientNet

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A Method for Extracting Joints on Mountain Tunnel Faces Based on Mask R-CNN image Segmentation Algorithm

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APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2024年第15期14卷 6403页

作者： Qiao, Honglei Yang, Xinan Liang, Zuquan Liu, Yu Ge, Zhifan Zhou, Jian Tongji Univ Key Lab Rd & Traff Engn Minist Educ Shanghai 201804 Peoples R China Hangzhou City Univ Dept Civil Engn Hangzhou 310015 Peoples R China Hangzhou City Univ Key Lab Safe Construct & Intelligent Maintenance U Hangzhou 310015 Peoples R China

The accurate distribution of joints on the tunnel face is crucial for assessing the stability and safety of surrounding rock during tunnel construction. This paper introduces the Mask R-CNN image segmentation algorithm, a state-of-the-art deep learning model, to achieve efficient and accurate identification and extraction of joints on tunnel face images. First, digital images of tunnel faces were captured and stitched, resulting in 286 complete images suitable for analysis. Then, the joints on the tunnel face were extracted using traditional image processing algorithms, the commonly used U-net image segmentation model, and the Mask R-CNN image segmentation model introduced in this paper to address the lack of recognition accuracy. Finally, the extraction results obtained by the three methods were compared. The comparison results show that the joint extraction method based on the Mask R-CNN image segmentation deep learning model introduced in this paper achieved the best joint extraction effect with a Dice similarity coefficient of 87.48%, outperforming traditional methods and the U-net model, which scored 60.59% and 75.36%, respectively, realizing accurate and efficient acquisition of tunnel face rock joints. These findings suggest that the Mask R-CNN model can be effectively implemented in real-time monitoring systems for tunnel construction projects.

关键词： mountain tunnel tunnel construction safety rock mass joints image processing deep learning Dice similarity coefficient

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deep Adaptive Phase learning: Enhancing Synthetic Aperture Sonar imagery Through Learned Coherent Autofocus

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING 2024年 17卷 9517-9532页

作者： Gerg, Isaac D. Cook, Daniel A. Monga, Vishal Kitware Inc Clifton Pk NY 12065 USA Georgia Tech Res Inst Smyrna GA 30080 USA Penn State Univ Sch EECS University Pk PA 16802 USA

Having well-focused synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) imagery is important for its accurate analysis and support of autonomous systems. Despite advances in motion estimation and image formation methods, there persists a need for robust autofocus algorithms deployed both topside and in situ embedded in unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) for real-time processing. This need stems from the fact that systematic focus errors are common in SAS and often result from misestimating sound speed in the medium or uncompensated vehicle motion. In this article, we use an SAS-specific convolutional neural network (CNN) to robustly and quickly autofocus SAS images. Our method, which we call deep adaptive phase learning (DAPL), explicitly utilizes the relationship between the $k$-space domain and the complex-valued SAS image to perform the autofocus operation in a manner distinctly different than existing optical image deblurring techniques that solely rely on magnitude-only imagery. We demonstrate that DAPL mitigates three types of systematic phase errors common to SAS platforms (and combinations thereof): quadratic phase error (QPE), sinusoidal error, and sawtooth error (i.e., yaw error). We show results for DAPL against a publicly available, real-world high-frequency SAS dataset, and also compare them against several existing techniques including phase gradient autofocus (PGA). Our results show that DAPL is competitive with or outperforms state-of-the-art alternatives without requiring manual parameter tuning.

关键词： Synthetic aperture sonar Electronics packaging Systematics Synthetic aperture radar Sea floor Apertures real-time systems deep learning image enhancement synthetic aperture sonar

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A real-time image captioning framework using computer vision to help the visually impaired

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MULtimeDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2023年第20期83卷 59413-59438页

作者： Safiya, K. M. Pandian, R. Sathyabama Inst Sci & Technol Deemed to Be Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Chennai India Sathyabama Inst Sci & Technol Deemed to be Univ Dept Elect & Commun Engn Chennai India

Advancements in image captioning technology have played a pivotal role in enhancing the quality of life for those with visual impairments, fostering greater social inclusivity. The computer vision and natural language processing methods enhances the accessibility and comprehensibility of pictures via the addition of textual descriptions. Significant advancements have been achieved in photo captioning, specifically tailored for those with visual impairments. Nevertheless, some challenges must be addressed, like ensuring the precision of automatically generated captions and effectively handling pictures that include many objects or settings. This research presents a ground breaking architecture for real-time picture captioning using a VGG16-LSTM deep learning model with computer vision assistance. The framework has been developed and deployed in a Raspberry Pi 4B single-board computer, with graphics processing unit capabilities. This implementation allows for the automated generation of relevant captions for photographs captured in real time by a NoIR camera module. This characteristic makes it a portable and uncomplicated choice for those with visual impairments. The efficacy of the VGG16-LSTM deep learning model is evaluated via comprehensive testing, including both sighted and visually impaired participants in diverse settingsThe experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed framework effectively operates as intended, generating real-time picture captions that are accurate and contextually appropriate. The analysis of user feedback indicates a significant improvement in the understanding of visual content, hence facilitating the mobility and interaction of individuals with visual impairments in their environment. We have used multiple dataset including Flicke8k, Flickr30k, VizWiz captioning and custom dataset for the model training, validation and testing process. During the training phase, the ResNet-50 and VGG-16 models achieve 80.84% and 84.13% accuracy, r

关键词： Artificial intelligence Computer Vision Text-to-Speech image Captioning LSTM VGG16 Visually impaired

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SteriCNN: Cloud native stego content sterilization framework

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JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SECURITY AND APPLICATIONS 2024年 87卷

作者： Banerjee, Abhisek Ganguly, Sreeparna Mukherjee, Imon Ganguly, Nabanita Indian Inst Informat Technol Kalyani 741235 India Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Univ Technol Kolkata 700064 India

Modern robust steganography-based cyber attacks often bypass intrinsic cloud security measures, and contemporary steganalysis methods struggle to address these covert threats due to recent advancements in deep learning (DL)-based steganography techniques. Existing steganography removal methods are constrained by trade-offs involving high processing times, poor quality of sanitized images, and insufficient removal of steganographic content. This paper introduces SteriCNN, a lightweight deep residual neural network model designed for steganography removal. SteriCNN effectively eliminates embedded steganographic information while preserving the visual integrity of the sanitized images. We employ a series of convolutional blocks with three residual connections for feature extraction, feature learning, feature attention, and image reconstruction from the residue. The proposed model utilizes the correlation of channel features to achieve a faster learning rate, and by varying the dilation rate in convolutional blocks, the model achieves wider receptive fields, enabling it to cover larger areas of the input image at each layer. SteriCNN is targeted for blind image sterilization for real-time use cases due to its low training and prediction time costs. Our study shows impressive results for both traditional and deep learning-based stego vulnerabilities, with approximately 90% of steganograms eliminated while maintaining an average PSNR value of 46 dB and an SSIM of 0.99 when tested with popular steganography methods.

关键词： Cloud security Steganography Steganalysis image stego content removal Residual neural network

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Reducing false positive rate with the help of scene change indicator in deep learning based real-time face recognition systems

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MULtimeDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2023年第30期82卷 47517-47536页

作者： Kutlugun, Mehmet Ali Sirin, Yahya Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim Univ Comp Sci & Engn Istanbul Turkiye

In face recognition systems, light direction, reflection, and emotional and physical changes on the face are some of the main factors that make recognition difficult. Researchers continue to work on deep learning-based algorithms to overcome these difficulties. It is essential to develop models that will work with high accuracy and reduce the computational cost, especially in real-time face recognition systems. deep metric learning algorithms called representative learning are frequently preferred in this field. However, in addition to the extraction of outstanding representative features, the appropriate classification of these feature vectors is also an essential factor affecting the performance. The Scene Change Indicator (SCI) in this study is proposed to reduce or eliminate false recognition rates in sliding windows with a deep metric learning model. This model detects the blocks where the scene does not change and tries to identify the comparison threshold value used in the classifier stage with a new value more precisely. Increasing the sensitivity ratio across the unchanging scene blocks allows for fewer comparisons among the samples in the database. The model proposed in the experimental study reached 99.25% accuracy and 99.28% F-1 score values compared to the original deep metric learning model. Experimental results show that even if there are differences in facial images of the same person in unchanging scenes, misrecognition can be minimized because the sample area being compared is narrowed.

关键词： Classification deep metric learning Illumination and pose changes image processing real-time face recognition

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MVSE-Net: A Multi-View deep Network With Semantic Embedding for LiDAR Place Recognition

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS 2024年第11期25卷 17174-17186页

作者： Zhang, Jinpeng Zhang, Yunzhou Rong, Lei Tian, Rui Wang, Sizhan Northeastern Univ Coll Informat Sci & Engn Shenyang 110819 Peoples R China

Place recognition is a critical technology in robot navigation and autonomous driving, remains challenging due to inefficient point cloud computation, limited feature representation capability, and poor robustness to long-term environmental changes. We propose MVSE-Net, a feature extraction network with embedded semantic information for multi-view feature fusion. MVSE-Net can convert point cloud data acquired by LiDAR in real time into global descriptors for retrieval. processing a point cloud by projecting it onto a 2D image can greatly improve computational efficiency. We projected the point cloud into a range-view (RV) image and a bird's-eye-view (BEV) image in forward and top view, respectively. The semantic segmentation network is then used to process the RV image, and the feature extraction part of the semantic model is connected to the transformer attention module to further refine the features for the place recognition task. The point cloud containing the semantic segmentation results is then converted into a semantic BEV image, and the multi-channel BEV image is processed using a group convolutional network. Finally, the features of the two branches are fused into a global feature representation by post-fusion. Our experiments on three publicly available datasets demonstrate that MVSE-Net exhibits high recall and strong generalization in LiDAR place recognition, outperforming previous state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： LiDAR place recognition multi-view images semantic embedding localization deep learning methods LiDAR place recognition multi-view images semantic embedding localization deep learning methods

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deep learning in metallography: adapting a grain size determination model to develop the new comparison charts for ISO 643

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Practical Metallography 2025年第3期62卷 176-194页

作者： Wu, Zhaobo Li, Jikang Zhang, Jianing Stücklin, Stephan Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Company Limited Beijing100081 China Swiss Steel Group Emmenbrücke Switzerland

The determination of average grain size is an important component in the microstructural characterization of metallic materials. The grain size is usually determined using the intercept and comparison methods, but there are problems with the relatively time-consuming intercept method and the low accuracy of the comparison method. In this paper, a new model is proposed to realize the task of automatic grain size grading using a combination of traditional image processing and deep learning. deep learning semantic segmentation and image classification are used to achieve the grading of different quality images. The model is capable of extracting and complementing grain boundaries and calculating the pixel area of the grains. The accuracy of the model was tested on metallographic phases of pure iron and austenitic stainless steel. Using this model, grain size comparison charts were produced for ISO 643 based on real metallographic photographs. © 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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