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检索条件"任意字段=SPIE Conference on Algorithm for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery V"

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High-resolution synthetic aperture radar experiments for ATR development and performance prediction

High-resolution synthetic aperture radar experiments for ATR...

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conference on algorithms for synthetic aperture radar imagery IX

作者： Westerkamp, LA Morrison, SA Wild, TJ Mossing, JC Air Force Research Lab. (United States) JE Sverdrup Technology Inc. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819444774

Commercial availability of very high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery will enable development of automatic target recognition (ATR) algorithms to exploit its rich information content. This availability also permits exploration of both empirical and first principles approaches-for predicting ATR performance. This paper describes a recent collection of high resolution SAR imagery. It details the operating conditions represented by the data and provides recommended experiments designed to challenge ATR algorithms and performance prediction. This set of information, along with the imagery, is contained in a Problem Set that will be made available to the community. The imagery is from a Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (DUSD) for Science and Technology (S&T) sponsored collection using the Sandia National Laboratory and General Atomics Lynx Sensor. The Lynx is now available as a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) sensor. It was designed for use in medium-altitude UAvs and manned platforms. It operates at Ku-band frequency in stripmap, spotlight, and ground moving target indicator modes. imagery in this collection was collected at 4" resolution and was then also reprocessed to v resolution. The collection included several military vehicles with significant variation in target, sensor, and background conditions. Defined experiments in the Problem Set present ATR algorithm development challenges by defining development (training) sets with limited representation of operating conditions and test sets that explore the algorithm's ability to extend to more complex operating conditions. These challenges are critical to military employment of ATR because the real world contains much more variability than it will be possible to explicitly address in an algorithm. For example, neither the storage nor the search through an exhaustive bay of templates is achievable for any realistic application. Thus, advanced developments that allow robust performance in denied condit

关键词： high resolution SAR problem set ATR performance prediction algorithm assessment Lynx

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Extracting models from radar data for 3-D target ID

Extracting models from RADAR data for 3-D target ID

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conference on algorithms for synthetic aperture radar imagery IX

作者： Meyer, GJ Gustafson, SC Arnold, DG USAF Inst Technol Washington DC 20330 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444774

This paper details a model building technique to construct geometric target models from radar data collected in a controlled environment. An algorithm to construct three-dimensional target models from a complex radar return expressed as discrete sets of scattering center coordinates with associated amplitudes is explained in detail. The model is a three-dimensional extension of proven radar scattering models that treat the radar return as a sum of complex exponentials. A Fourier Transform converts this to impulses in the frequency domain where the relative phase difference between scattering centers is a "wrapped" phase term. If the viewing sphere is sampled densely enough, the phase is unambiguously "unwrapped". The minimum sampling interval is explicitly determined as a function of the extent of the target in wavelengths. A least squares solution determines the coordinates of each scattering center. Properties of the collection geometry allow the minimum sampling density of the viewing sphere to be increased, but at the cost of testing competing hypotheses to determine which one best fits the phase data. The complex radar return of a random object is created sampling a v slice of the viewing sphere to validate the model-building algorithm. All coordinates of the random object are extracted perfectly. Hopefully this algorithm can build three-dimensional scattering center models valid over the entire viewing sphere with each target represented as a discrete set of scattering centers. A rectangular window function associated with each scattering center would model persistence across the viewing sphere.

关键词： radar 3D modeling 3D scattering radar target modeling invariants phase unwrapping

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Order of battle change detection, fusion, and tracking

Order of battle change detection, fusion, and tracking

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conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XI

作者： Carlotto, MJ Nebrich, MA Crary, D Veridian Syst Arlington VA 22209 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444790

The automatic detection of significant changes in imagery is important in a number of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) tasks. An automated capability known as the Order of Battle Change Fusion (OBCF) system is described for detecting, fusing, and tracking changes over time in multisensor imagery. OBCF uses multiple change detection algorithms to exploit different aspects of change in multi-sensor images, normalcy models that provide a physical basis for detecting change and estimating the performance of change detection algorithms, algorithm fusion to combine the results from multiple change detection algorithms in order to enhance and maintain performance over changing operating conditions, and stationary tracking to provide a seamless history of image changes over time across different sensing modalities. Preliminary experimental results using electro-optical (EO) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery are presented.

关键词： Image fusion Detection and tracking algorithms synthetic aperture radar Sensors Fractal analysis Argon Error analysis Performance modeling Electro optical modeling Intelligence systems

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Inter-algorithmic evaluation of SAR image segmentation algorithms using multiple measures

Inter-algorithmic evaluation of SAR image segmentation algor...

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conference on algorithms for synthetic aperture radar imagery vIII

作者： Power, GJ USAF Res Lab Target Recognit Branch AFRL SNAT Wright Patterson AFB OH 45433 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819440779

To ensure that the best possible image segmentation algorithm transitions into a real world recognition system, the segmentation algorithm must be properly evaluated. A novel approach is introduced for evaluating image segmentation algorithms. Part of the approach is to use a system of multiple measures. Using intra-algorithmic comparisons, three measures are tested on a small suite of segmented image test cases. The results from using three measures on the test suite demonstrate significant differences in the ability of the measures to distinguish segmentation quality. Another part of the novel approach is the use of an inter-algorithmic comparison which is shown to assist the evaluation of segmentation algorithms where exact edge truth is unknown such as is the case with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. Results are demonstrated by using segmentation on a SAR target chip provided by the Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition (MSTAR) program.

关键词： segmentation evaluation recognition edge detection synthetic aperture radar metrics measures segmentation quality quality metric

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Target isolation for SAR images

Target isolation for SAR images

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conference on algorithms for synthetic aperture radar imagery vIII

作者： Xu, R Kwan, C Haynes, L Intelligent Automat Inc Rockville MD 20855 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819440779

synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are very useful for target recognition as they can avoid some of the shortcomings of optical cameras and infrared imagers. However, due to noise and clutter in the environment, the targets are hard to locate without preprocessing and target isolation algorithms. Here we propose an algorithm for enhancing target recognition. The algorithm consists of two steps. First, median filtering is performed to eliminate some speckles. Although median filter is simple, its performance is comparable to a method in the literature. Second, a method known as Sliding Quadrant developed by Intelligent Automation, Inc. (IAI) is used to locate the potential targets in the SAR images. Our method achieves much better target isolation than a well-known method in the literature.

关键词： synthetic aperture radar Digital filtering Image filtering Detection and tracking algorithms Image processing Optical filters Target recognition Imaging systems Infrared cameras Smoothing

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Using frequency scaling approach to process squint mode spotlight SAR data

Using frequency scaling approach to process squint mode spot...

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conference on algorithms for synthetic aperture radar imagery vIII

作者： Sun, JP Mao, SY Liu, ZK Hong, W Beijing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Res Grp 203 Dept EE Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819440779

Frequency scaling approach is a new spotlight SAR image formation algorithm [1]. It precisely performs the range cell migration correction (RCMC) for dechirped raw data without interpolation by using a novel frequency scaling operation while residual video phase (RvP) is corrected simultaneously. The computation requirements are lower than the other spotlight SAR image formation approaches such as polar format algorithm (PFA) and range migration algorithm (RMA). In this paper, frequency scaling algorithm is applied to process high squint spotlight data. The new squint illumination geometry is defined and some modifications to the basic algorithm are presented. Point target simulations up to 45 deg squint angle are carried out to show the validity of the algorithm.

关键词： synthetic aperture radar imaging algorithm

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Increasing the discrimination of SAR recognition models

Increasing the discrimination of SAR recognition models

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conference on algorithms for synthetic aperture radar imagery vIII

作者： Bhanu, B Jones, G Univ Calif Riverside Ctr Res Intelligent Syst Riverside CA 92521 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819440779

The focus of this paper is optimizing recognition models for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signatures of vehicles to improve the performance of a recognition algorithm under the extended operating conditions of target articulation, occlusion and configuration variants. The recognition models are based on quasi-invariant local features, scattering center locations and magnitudes. The approach determines the similarities and differences among the various vehicle models. Methods to penalize similar features or reward dissimilar features are used to increase the distinguishability of the recognition model instances. Extensive experimental recognition results are presented in terms of confusion matrices and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to show the improvements in recognition performance for MSTAR vehicle targets with articulation, configuration variants and occlusion.

关键词： articulated object recognition automatic target recognition object similarity recognizing configuration variants recognizing occluded objects synthetic aperture radar

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Efficient implementation of an expectation-maximization algorithm for imaging diffuse radar targets

Efficient implementation of an expectation-maximization algo...

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conference on algorithms for synthetic aperture radar imagery vIII

作者： Lanterman, AD Univ Illinois Coordinated Sci Lab Urbana IL 61801 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819440779

We explore a statistical view of radar imaging in which target reflectances are realizations of an underlying random process. For diffuse targets, this process is zero-mean complex Gaussian. The data consists of a realization of this process, observed through a linear transformation, and corrupted by additive noise. Image formation corresponds to estimating the elements of a diagonal covariance matrix. In general, maximum-likelihood estimates of these parameters cannot be computed in closed form. Snyder, O'Sullivan, and Miller proposed an expectation-maximization algorithm for computing these estimates iteratively. Straightforward implementations of the algorithm involve multiplication and inversion operations on extremely large matrices, which makes them computationally prohibitive. We present an implementation which exploits Strassen's recursive strategy for matrix multiplication and inversion, which may make the algorithm feasible for image sizes of interest in high-resolution radar applications.

关键词： statistical radar imaging diffuse targets maximum-likelihood estimation expectation-maximization algorithms

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algorithms for synthetic aperture radar imagery vIII

Algorithms for synthetic aperture radar imagery VIII

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algorithms for synthetic aperture radar imagery vIII

The proceedings contains 45 papers from the conference on algorithms for synthetic aperture radar imagery. Topics discussed include: multistatic synthetic aperture imaging of aircraft using reflected television signals;performance analysis of fast backprojection for synthetic aperture radar processing;sensitivity of two autofocus algorithms to spatially variant phase errors;time-based sparse-array beamforming;content-based image compression;and imaging algorithm for steadily flying and maneuvering big targets.

关键词： synthetic aperture radar

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The imaging algorithm for steadily flying and maneuvering big targets

The imaging algorithm for steadily flying and maneuvering bi...

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conference on algorithms for synthetic aperture radar imagery vIII

作者： Xing, MD Bao, Z Xidian Univ Key Lab Radar Signal Proc Xian 710071 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819440779

Usually inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging is for small aircraft, with long range, moreover the coherent integration angle is small, that is the target's wavenumber spectrum support region can be regard as a rectangle, Range-Doppler(RD) algorithm or Range-Instantaneous-Doppler (RID) algorithm are employed for image reconstruction after translational motion compensation (TMC), which includes envelope alignment (such as envelope correlation algorithm, minimum entropy algorithm) and autofocus (such as single PPP algorithm, multiple PPP algorithm, PGA, weighted least square algorithm). But migration through resolution cell (MTRC) is not considered after TMC, in fact, the scatterers around the target usually take place MTRC if the size of target is large. In the paper, we first align and focus the high resolution radar target echoes according target center, then we do time scale transform in target's wavenumber domain, that is Soumekh proposed "keystone" interpolation to compensate MTRC (which can also be realized rapidly by DFT-IFFT or SFT-IFFT in azimuth direction), after range compression (range IFFT), for steadily flying target, target image can be obtained only after azimuth compression (that is FFT in azimuth direction), for maneuvering target, time-frequency analysis must be taken for every range cell, and the existing instantaneous imaging algorithms (such as joint time-frequency distribution algorithm. Radon-Wigner algorithm) are also effective to obtain RID images. This paper gives the ISAR imaging algorithm flow diagram to obtain images from raw data of steadily flying and maneuvering big targets, and simulate data and real data prove that algorithm flow is effective. Keywords: ISAR imaging, migration through resolution cell(MTRC), maneuvering target.

关键词： ISAR imaging Maneuvering target Migration through resolution cell(MTRC)

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