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Clustered Multicast Source Routing for Large-Scale Cloud Data Centers

IEEE ACCESS 2021年 9卷 12693-12705页

作者： Alqahtani, Jarallah Sinky, Hassan H. Hamdaoui, Bechir Oregon State Univ Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Corvallis OR 97331 USA Umm Al Qura Univ Coll Comp & Informat Syst Mecca 24381 Saudi Arabia

The multi-tenancy concept in cloud data center (DC) networks paves the way towards advancements and innovation in the underlying infrastructure such as network virtualization. Multicast routing is essential in leveraging multi-tenancy to its full potential. However, traditional ip multicast routing is not suitable for DC networks due to the need to support a massive amount of multicast groups and hosts. State-of-the-art DC multicast routing approaches aim to overcome these scalability issues by, for instance, taking advantage of the symmetry of DC topologies and the programmability of DC switches to compactly encode multicast group information inside packets, thereby reducing the overhead resulting from the need to store the states of flows at the network switches. Although these approaches scale well with the number of multicast groups, they do not perform well with group sizes and, as a result, yield substantial traffic control overhead and network congestion. In this article, we present Bert, a scalable source-initiated DC multicast routing approach that scales well with both the number and size of multicast groups through the clustering of multicast group members where each cluster employs its own forwarding rules. Compared to the state-of-the-art approach, Bert yields much less traffic control overhead by significantly reducing packet header sizes and eliminating switch memory usage across the switches.

关键词： Routing Network topology Cloud computing Topology scalability Data centers Servers Cloud data center networks multicast routing multicast scalability multi-tenancy network virtualization

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Robust LFA Protection for Software-Defined networks (RoLPS)

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORK AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT 2021年第3期18卷 2570-2586页

作者： Merling, Daniel Lindner, Steffen Menth, Michael Univ Tubingen Chair Commun Networks D-72074 Tubingen Germany

In software-defined networks, forwarding entries on switches are configured by a controller. In case of an unreachable next-hop, traffic is dropped until forwarding entries are updated, which takes significant time. Therefore, fast reroute (FRR) mechanisms are needed to forward affected traffic over alternate paths in the meantime. Loop-free alternates (LFAs) and remote LFAs (rLFAs) have been proposed for FRR in ip networks. However, they cannot protect traffic for all destinations and some LFAs may create loops under challenging conditions. This paper proposes robust LFA protection for software-defined networks (RoLPS). RoLPS augments the coverage of (r)LFAs with novel explicit LFAs (eLFAs). RoLPS ranks available LFAs according to protection quality and complexity for selection of the best available LFA. Furthermore, we introduce advanced loop detection (ALD) so that RoLPS stops loops caused by LFAs. We evaluate RoLPS-based protection variants on a large set of representative networks with unit and non-unit link costs. We study their protection coverage, additional forwarding entries, and path extensions for rerouted traffic, and compare them with MPLS facility backup. Results show that RoLPS can protect traffic against all single link or node failures, and against most double failures while inducing only little overhead. We implement FRR on the P4-programmable switch ASIC Tofino and provide a control plane logic based on RoLPS. Measurement results show that the prototype achieves a throughput of 100 Gb/s, reroutes traffic within less than a millisecond, and reliably detects and drops looping traffic.

关键词： Routing Topology Multiprotocol label switching ip networks Prototypes Registers Terminology Software-defined networking P4 loop-free alternates resilience link protection node protection scalability

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Enhancing honeynet-based protection with network slicing for massive Pre-6G IoT Smart Cities deployments

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JOURNAL OF NETWORK AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS 2024年 229卷

作者： Escolar, Antonio Matencio Wang, Qi Calero, Jose Maria Alcaraz Univ West Scotland UWS Sch Comp Engn & Phys Sci CEPS High St Paisley PA1 2BE Scotland

Internet of Things (IoT) coupled with 5G and upcoming pre -6G networks will provide the scalability and performance required to deploy a wide range of new digital services in Smart Cities. This new digital services will undoubtedly contribute to an improvement in the quality of life of citizens. However, security is a major concern in IoT where low-powered constrained devices are a target for attackers who identify them as a vulnerable entry point to exploit the network weaknesses. This concern is exacerbated in Smart Cities where it is expected to deploy millions of heterogeneous yet unattended and vulnerable IoT devices throughout vast urban areas. A security breach in a Smart City allows attackers to target critical services such as the power grid network or the road traffic control or to expose sensitive health data to intruders. Thus, the security and privacy of citizens could be seriously compromised. Honeynets are an effective security mechanism to distract attackers from legitimate targets and collect valuable information on how they operate. Meanwhile, current honeynets lack functionality to protect the real and lure networks from large-scale volumetric Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. This paper provides a novel solution to empower honeynet security tools with Network Slicing capabilities as an innovative way to isolate and minimize the network resources available from attackers. The proposed system supports the ambitious IoT scalability requirements associated to 5G networks and the forthcoming 6G networks. The solution has been empirically evaluated in a emulated testbed where promising results have been achieved when dealing with mMTC and eMBB traffic profiles. In mMTC scenarios where scalability is a challenge, the solution is able to deal with up to 1000 slices and 1 Million IoT devices sending traffic simultaneously. In eMBB use cases, the solution is able to cope with up to 19 Gbps of combined bandwidth. The gathered results demonstrate

关键词： Network security and privacy Cybersecurity Smart cities Internet of Things (IoT) Honeynets Network slicing 5G multi-tenant networks Massive machine type communications (mMTC) Enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB)

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Adaptation of Loss Recovery Mechanisms for improving scalability and Quality of Service in IoT networks 1

Adaptation of Loss Recovery Mechanisms for improving Scalabi...

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1st IEEE International Conference on Advances in Data-Driven Analytics and Intelligent Systems, ADACIS 2023

作者： Abourriche, S. Zyane, A. Ghammaz, A. Cadi Ayyad University S.A.R.S Team Ensa Safi Safi Morocco Cadi Ayyad University L.S.E.E.T FST-G Marrakech Marrakech Morocco

ISBN: (纸本)9798350344158

Over the past decade, the Internet has known significant transformations in diverse sectors, such as health, transportation, and the environment. These changes are based to the TCP/ip model protocols, a four-layer architectural framework with the transport layer notably enabling Internet communication and Quality of Service *** growth goes from the original ARPANET design to the appearance of Web 3.0, including Web 1.0 and Web 2.0. It encourages the creation of new communication structures, like the Internet of Things (IoT).IoT aims to unify all physical objects and devices in various fields under a common infrastructure in order to control them and also to know their states in real time [1]. Therefore ,IoT becomes one of the most well-known technologies in many markets with an immense growth of connected devices ranging from 30.7 trillion in 2020 to 75.4 trillion in 2025[2]. This gigantic number of things leads to many challenges and problems related particularly to QoS and scalability, which represent a hindrance for IoT and specifically M2M *** main objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive contribution that facilitates the implementation of mechanisms for autonomous scalability management and QoS. This is achieved by integrated the loss recovery protocols, especially those tailored to the Transport Layer of the TCP/ip model, at the middle-ware level within IoT *** outcome of this work involves suggesting a new architecture for the existing IoTScal-H approach. It incorporates additional components simulating loss recovery mechanisms to boost the success rate from 95% to 99.99% for e-Health traffic for example, thereby enhancing the current reference approach. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Quality of service

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Q-Flag: QoS-Aware Flow-Rule Aggregation in Software-Defined IoT networks

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IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 2022年第7期9卷 4899-4906页

作者： Saha, Niloy Misra, Sudip Bera, Samaresh Indian Inst Technol Kharagpur Comp Sci & Engn Dept Kharagpur 721302 W Bengal India

Software-defined IoT (SDIoT) is a promising approach to address the requirements of the Internet of Things (IoT), such as network management, Quality of Service (QoS), and resource utilization. The advantages of SDIoT are facilitated by the separation of the data- and the control-planes using flow-rules, that allow fine-grained control over individual flows. However, the number of flow-rules that can be placed at the switches is limited, leading to scalability issues in SDIoT. Existing approaches to flow-rule management either do not consider the impact on QoS or are applicable only to a particular topology. In this article, we propose a QoS-aware flow-rule aggregation scheme for generic network topologies, which aims to achieve a satisfactory tradeoff among flow-rule compression and its impact on the QoS of IoT traffic flows. Specifically, the proposed scheme adaptively aggregates flow-rules while considering different QoS requirements of IoT applications in the network, and the flow-rule capacity of the switches. The proposed scheme consists of the following components-1) a path selection heuristic to increase the total number of flow-rules that can be accommodated in the network and 2) a multiarm bandit-based flow-rule aggregation scheme capable of reducing the number of flow-rules, while maintaining adequate performance in terms of QoS. Experimental results using IoT traffic show that, on average, the proposed scheme is capable of reducing the average end-to-end delay and QoS-violated flows in the network by 22% and 30%, respectively, compared to the state-of-the-art schemes.

关键词： Quality of service Internet of Things Routing control systems Topology Network topology Delays Internet of Things (IoT) Quality of Service (QoS) rule-aggregation software-defined networking (SDN)

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Application of E1 Link Bundling Technology in Wide Area networks

Application of E1 Link Bundling Technology in Wide Area Netw...

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IEEE International Conference on Civil Aviation Safety and Information Technology (ICCASIT)

作者： Yilu Huang Qingyu Li Zhen Liu Longxiang Zhou Satellite Maritime Tracking and Control Department Jiangyin China

ISBN: (数字)9798350389418

ISBN: (纸本)9798350389425

The Wide Area Network serves as the primary network for business traffic, boasting advantages such as extensive connection range, centralized resources, and scalability. E1 links utilize Time Division Multiplexing technology, providing interference-free channels and high link quality. They support flexible binding of time slots to adjust access bandwidth according to user needs, enabling service providers to offer a rich array of ip services on-demand and at lower costs. As a principal type of link for WAN connections, E1 link bundling technology effectively enhances the reliability and flexibility of the network, playing a significant practical role in increasing the capacity for business traffic.

关键词： Wide area networks scalability Bandwidth Time division multiplexing Safety Reliability ip networks Information technology Interoperability Business

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Rhythmic control of Automated traffic-Part ii: Grid Network Rhythm and Online Routing

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TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE 2021年第5期55卷 988-1009页

作者： Lin, Xi Li, Meng Shen, Zuo-Jun Max Yin, Yafeng He, Fang Tsinghua Univ Dept Civil Engn Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Ind Engn & Operat Res Berkeley CA 94720 USA Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Civil & Environm Engn Berkeley CA 94720 USA Univ Michigan Dept Civil & Environm Engn Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Univ Michigan Dept Ind & Operat Engn Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Tsinghua Univ Dept Ind Engn Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

Connected and automated vehicle (CAV) technology is providing urban transportation managers tremendous opportunities for better operation of urban mobility systems. However, there are significant challenges in real-time implementation as the computational time of the corresponding operations optimization model increases exponentially with increasing vehicle numbers. Following the companion paper (Chen et al. 2021), which proposes a novel automated traffic control scheme for isolated intersections, this study proposes a network-level, real-time traffic control framework for CAVs on grid networks. The proposed framework integrates a rhythmic control method with an online routing algorithm to realize collision-free control of all CAVs on a network and achieve superior performance in average vehicle delay, network traffic throughput, and computational scalability. Specifically, we construct a preset network rhythm that all CAVs can follow to move on the network and avoid collisions at all intersections. Based on the network rhythm, we then formulate online routing for the CAVs as a mixed integer linear program, which optimizes the entry times of CAVs at all entrances of the network and their time-space routings in real time. We provide a suffi-cient condition that the linear programming relaxation of the online routing model yields an optimal integer solution. Extensive numerical tests are conducted to show the performance of the proposed operations management framework under various scenarios. It is illustrated that the framework is capable of achieving negligible delays and increased network throughput. Furthermore, the computational time results are also promising. The CPU time for solving a collision-free control optimization problem with 2,000 vehicles is only 0.3 second on an ordinary personal computer.

关键词： rhythmic control connected and automated vehicles online routing computational scalability

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Mitigation of DDoS Attacks in SDN using Access control List, Entropy and Puzzle-based Mechanisms 1

Mitigation of DDoS Attacks in SDN using Access Control List,...

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1st IEEE International Conference on Applied Intelligence and Sustainable Computing, ICAISC 2023

作者： Ladigatti, Amit Merawade, Vinayak Jain, Shashvi Bengeri, Anagha Narayan, D.G. Shettar, Pooja KLE Technological University School of Computer Science and Engineering Hubballi India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350323795

Software Defined Networking (SDN) has become increasingly popular as a networking paradigm due to its advantages over traditional networks, such as scalability, flexibility, and programmability. However, SDN networks face security threats, particularly from Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. These attacks aim to overwhelm a target server or network by flooding it with illegitimate traffic, rendering it inaccessible to legitimate users. Currently, most DDoS attack detection methods rely on supervised learning models. In this study, we propose an alternative approach using unsupervised learning. specifically combining fusion entropy and computational puzzles. Our proposed method involves three steps. Firstly, access control lists are implemented for ip filtering to reduce the attack load on the controller. Secondly, we utilize the fusion entropy method to detect DDOS attacks and identify potentially suspicious hosts. Lastly, we employ a Proof of Work based computational puzzle on these suspicious hosts to detect and mitigate the attacks. The proposed work is implemented in Mininet emulator with POX as controller. The results demonstrate that this mitigation technique enhances accuracy by reducing the occurrence of false positives. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Denial-of-service attack

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Soft-Mesh: A Robust Routing Architecture for Hybrid SDN and Wireless Mesh networks

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IEEE ACCESS 2021年 9卷 87715-87730页

作者： Bano, Mukhtiar Qayyum, Amir Bin Rais, Rao Naveed Gilani, Syed Sherjeel A. Capital Univ Sci & Technol CUST Fac Engn Islamabad 44000 Pakistan Ajman Univ Coll Engn & Informat Technol Ajman U Arab Emirates

Wireless Mesh networks (WMNs) are considered self-organizing, self-healing, and self-configuring networks. Despite these exciting features, WMNs face several routing challenges including scalability, reliability and link failures, mobility, flexibility, and other network management issues. To address these challenges, WMNs need to make programmable to allow modifications of standard techniques to be configured and implemented through software programs that can be resolved by integrating Software Defined Networking (SDN) architecture. SDN, being a cutting-edge technology promises the facilitation of network management as well as routing issues of wireless mesh networks. However, the evolution of the legacy ip-based network model in its entirety leads to technical, operational, and economic problems that can be mitigated by full interoperability between SDN and existing ip devices. This study introduces a Robust Routing Architecture for Hybrid Software-Defined and Wireless Mesh networks (Soft-Mesh), by systematic and gradual transitioning of WMNs to SDNs in an efficient manner. The main objective of this paper is to suggest improvements to the architecture of the SDN node that allow the implementation of various network functions such as routing, load balancing, network control, and traffic engineering for the hybrid SDN and ip networks. Mininet-WiFi Simulator is used to perform various experiments to evaluate the performance of proposed architecture by creating a hybrid network topology with a varying number of nodes that is 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 including SDN hybrid and legacy nodes with varying proportion of SDN hybrid and legacy nodes. Results are taken for the average UDP throughput, end-to-end delay, packet drop ratio, and routing overhead while comparing with traditional routing protocols including Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Better Approach to Mobile Adhoc Networking (BATMAN) and with existing hybrid SDN/ip routing architectures including Haki

关键词： Routing Computer architecture Wireless mesh networks Software defined networking Load management Topology Licenses control plane data plane hybrid programmable routing software-defined networking wireless mesh networks

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A Comparison Between Classical and Quantum Machine Learning for Mobile App traffic Classification

A Comparison Between Classical and Quantum Machine Learning ...

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IEEE/ACM Symposium on Edge Computing (SEC)

作者： Vincenzo Spadari Idio Guarino Domenico Ciuonzo Antonio Pescapé University of Napoli Federico II University of Verona

ISBN: (数字)9798350378283

ISBN: (纸本)9798350378290

Network traffic analysis is essential for modern communication systems, focusing on tasks like traffic classification, prediction, and anomaly detection. While classical Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) methods have proven effective, their scalability and real-time performance can be limited by evolving traffic patterns and computational demands. Quantum Machine-Learning (QML) offers a promising alternative by utilizing quantum computing's parallelism. This paper examines QML's application in mobile traffic classification, comparing classical methods such as Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) and Convolutional Neural networks (CNNs) with Quantum Neural networks (QNNs) using different embedding types. Our experiments, conducted on the MIRAGE-COVID-CCMA-2022 dataset, show that QNNs achieve competitive performance, indicating QML's potential for efficient large-scale traffic classification in future networks.

关键词： Quantum computing scalability Neural networks Focusing Telecommunication traffic traffic control Parallel processing Real-time systems Mobile applications Edge computing

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