programming can be an emotional experience, particularly for undergraduate students who are new to computerscience. While researchers have interviewed novice programmers about their emotional experiences, it can be d...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450391948
programming can be an emotional experience, particularly for undergraduate students who are new to computerscience. While researchers have interviewed novice programmers about their emotional experiences, it can be difficult to pinpoint the specific emotions that occur during a programming session. In this paper, we argue that electrodermal activity (EDA) sensors, which measure the physiological changes that are indicative of an emotional reaction, can provide a valuable new data source to help study student experiences. We conducted a study with 14 undergraduate students in which we collected EDA data while they worked on a programming problem. This data was then used to cue the participants' recollections of their emotions during a retrospective interview about the programming experience. Using this methodology, we identified 21 distinct events that triggered student emotions, such as feeling anxiety due to a lack of perceived progress on the problem. We also identified common patterns in EDA data across multiple participants, such as a drop in their physiological reaction after developing a plan, corresponding with a calmer emotional state. These findings provide new information about how students experience programming that can inform research and practice, and also contribute initial evidence of the value of EDA data in supporting studies of emotions while programming.
We study the automatic generation of primal and dual bounds from decision diagrams in constraint programming. In particular, we expand the functionality of the Haddock system to optimization problems by extending its ...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783031332715
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031332708;9783031332715
We study the automatic generation of primal and dual bounds from decision diagrams in constraint programming. In particular, we expand the functionality of the Haddock system to optimization problems by extending its specification language to include an objective function. We describe how restricted decision diagrams can be compiled in Haddock similar to the existing relaxed decision diagrams. Together, they provide primal and dual bounds on the objective function, which can be seamlessly integrated into the constraint programming search. The entire process is automatic and only requires a high-level user model specification. We evaluate our method on the sequential ordering problem and compare the performance of Haddock to a dedicated decision diagram approach. The results show that Haddock achieves comparable results in similar time, demonstrating the viability of our automated decision diagram procedures for constraint optimization problems.
This paper addresses the implementation of a methodological approach that combines two widely recognized professional practices: Scrum and Design Sprint. This methodology is applied in the context of first-year comput...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350348729;9798350348736
This paper addresses the implementation of a methodological approach that combines two widely recognized professional practices: Scrum and Design Sprint. This methodology is applied in the context of first-year computer engineering students during their algorithm and programming course. The initiative aims to work with real-world situations, where students form development teams to tackle computer challenges presented by small and medium-sized businesses. This innovative approach not only enriches students' education but also prepares them to enter the workforce with a strong foundation of technical skills and practical experience. Ultimately, this methodology has allowed students to acquire programming skills in Python and Java, similar to those of junior and intermediate programmers, eliminating the need to complete an entire degree to face such challenges, thanks to the promotion of teamwork skills identified through AI.
. Correctness-by-Construction (CbC) is an incremental program construction process to construct functionally correct programs. The programs are constructed stepwise along with a specification that is inherently guaran...
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. Correctness-by-Construction (CbC) is an incremental program construction process to construct functionally correct programs. The programs are constructed stepwise along with a specification that is inherently guaranteed to be satisfied. CbC is complex to use without specialized tool support, since it needs a set of predefined refinement rules of fixed granularity which are additional rules on top of the programming language. Each refinement rule introduces a specific programming statement and developers cannot depart from these rules to construct programs. CbC allows to develop software in a structured and incremental way to ensure correctness, but the limited flexibility is a disadvantage of CbC. In this work, we compare classic CbC with CBC-BLocK and TRAITCBC. Both approaches CBC-BLocK and TRAITCBC, are related to CbC, but they have new language constructs that enable a more flexible software construction approach. We provide for both approaches a programming guideline, which similar to CbC, leads to well-structured programs. CBC-BLocK extends CbC by adding a refinement rule to insert any block of statements. Therefore, we introduce CBC-BLocK as an extension of CbC. TRAITCBC implements correctness-by-construction on the basis of traits with specified methods. We formally introduce TRAITCBC and prove soundness of the construction strategy. All three development approaches are qualitatively compared regarding their programming constructs, tool support, and usability to assess which is best suited for certain tasks and developers.
Pair programming is an active learning technique with several benefits to students, including increasing participation and improving outcomes, particularly for female computerscience students. However, most of the li...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450392013
Pair programming is an active learning technique with several benefits to students, including increasing participation and improving outcomes, particularly for female computerscience students. However, most of the literature highlights the effects of pair programming in introductory courses, where students have different prior programming experience and thus may experience group issues. This work analyzes the effect of pair programming in an upper-level computerscience course, where students have a more consistent background education, particularly in languages learned and coding best practices. Secondly, the effect of remote pair programming on student outcomes is still an open question of increasing importance with the advent of Covid-19. This work utilized split sections with a control and treatment group in a large, public university. In addition to comparing pair programming to individual programming, results were analyzed by modality (remote vs. in person) and by gender, focusing on how pair programming benefits female computerscience students in confidence, persistence in the major, and outcomes. We found that pair programming groups scored higher on assignments and exams, that remote pair programming groups performed as well as in person groups, and that female students increased their confidence in asking questions in class and scored 12% higher in the course when utilizing pair programming.
Flexible process planning (FPP) involves selecting and sequencing the requisite operations according to technological requirements, and meanwhile allocating a right machine, a right tool and a right access direction t...
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Flexible process planning (FPP) involves selecting and sequencing the requisite operations according to technological requirements, and meanwhile allocating a right machine, a right tool and a right access direction to each selected operation by a given criterion. In this article, the FPP problem is exactly and concisely formulated as linear integer programming models based on the topology of the AND/OR-network under two criteria: production cost minimisation and completion time minimisation. Distinctively, more flexible manufacturing elements and process plan evaluation criteria are considered;more complicated tool and access direction changeover identifications are linearly expressed without the big-M parameter. Compared with the latest mathematical programming models for process planning, the proposed models have lower complexity and better performance. The results from numerous comparative experiments indicate that (i) the number of decision variables of the proposed models reduces approximately by 68% and the number of constraints of the proposed models dramatically reduces by 99%;(ii) within the same running time, the proposed models can exactly solve more benchmark cases than the latest models;and (iii) the solutions obtained by the proposed models are also better than the best ones founded by some state-of-the-art meta-heuristic algorithms.
Numerous optimization scenarios such as industrial production planning, network communication routing, and logistic scheduling can be modeled as large-scale integer linear programming problems. However, due to the NP-...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350348439;9798350384611
Numerous optimization scenarios such as industrial production planning, network communication routing, and logistic scheduling can be modeled as large-scale integer linear programming problems. However, due to the NP-Hardness of these problems, it is very challenging to optimally solve these problems in a short time on classical computers. Quantum computers have emerged as a new computing platform to provide new computing paradigms to tackle these problems. However, the scalability and efficiency of current quantum computers pose significant challenges in practical implementations of quantum optimization algorithms. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid quantum-classical approach, termed Hybrid quantum-classical Dantzig-Wolfe Decomposition (HyDWD), aimed at solving these problems. In this framework, the subproblems can be solved in parallel on quantum computers. Our results demonstrate the benefits of integrating parallel quantum computing with the proposed hybrid quantum-classical framework via Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition, paving the way for advancements in optimization and decision-making processes.
Learning computerprogramming can be challenging for primary school students due to its abstract concepts. While teachers seek effective ways to introduce such concepts, the application of learning objects (LOs) can p...
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Learning computerprogramming can be challenging for primary school students due to its abstract concepts. While teachers seek effective ways to introduce such concepts, the application of learning objects (LOs) can potentially reduce the effort of creating new material from and allows teachers to adapt LOs to students' needs. Although numerous LOs have been developed for multiple disciplines, there is a current research gap using LOs in teaching and learning computerprogramming at the primary school level. The current paper aims to explore the quality of five Scratch-based LOs created to facilitate teaching and learning programming in primary education. We followed a single instrumental case study collecting data from 25 in-service teachers and 91 primary school students, who, using the LORI instrument, evaluated Scratch-based LOs created in real learning contexts. The results showed that participants assessed the LOs' quality positively, highlighted their learning effectiveness, pleasant design, and increase in student motivation. While the findings cannot be generalized, the LOs can serve as support material both for teachers to introduce programming, and for students to comprehend key programming concepts. Future work concerns the exploration of the LOs affordability when applied in real situations.
Over time, power network equipment can face defects and must be maintained to ensure transmission network reliability. Once a piece of equipment is scheduled to be withdrawn from the network, it becomes unavailable an...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783031605970
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031605963;9783031605970
Over time, power network equipment can face defects and must be maintained to ensure transmission network reliability. Once a piece of equipment is scheduled to be withdrawn from the network, it becomes unavailable and can lead to power outages when other adjacent equipment fails. This problem is commonly referred to as a transmission maintenance scheduling (TMS) problem and remains a challenge for power utilities. Numerous combinatorial constraints must be satisfied to ensure the stability and reliability of the transmission network. While most of these constraints can be naturally formalized in constraint programming (CP), there are some complex constraints like transit-power limits that are challenging to model because of their continuous and nonlinear nature. This paper proposes a methodology based on active constraint acquisition to automatically approximate these constraints. The acquisition is carried out using a simulator developed by Hydro-Quebec (HQ), a power utility to compute the power-flow of its transmission network. The acquired constraints are then integrated into a CP model to solve the HQ network's TMS problem. Our experimental results show the relevance of the methodology to approximate transit-power constraints in an automated way. It allows HQ to automatically schedule a maintenance plan for an instance that remained intractable until now. To our knowledge, it is the first time that active constraint acquisition has been used successfully for the TMS problem in an industrial setting.
The research purpose is to analyze how block-based programming, introduced in parallel with classical school education, will be an effective tool for developing environmental awareness among students. The research pro...
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The research purpose is to analyze how block-based programming, introduced in parallel with classical school education, will be an effective tool for developing environmental awareness among students. The research proposes a well-developed theoretical program on environmental literacy and a practical science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) project creating an eco-house model with a weather station and alternative energy sources in a regular secondary school in Shanghai. The sample involved school students of the seventh grade, equally divided into two groups: the control group (learnt only a theoretical program) and the experimental group (learnt both a theoretical program and a practical STEM project). At the end of the school year, students passed an environmental literacy test. The differences between the control and experimental groups were statistically significant. The experimental group has the advantage in all parameters: it has the highest scores and a large number of students who showed a high and very high level of knowledge. The results prove the methodology effectiveness of the experimental group in terms of developing sensitivity to the environment, cognitive abilities, ecological analysis, and preserving the environment. It was found that overall academic performance correlates significantly with both test scores and project scores. The highest scores were for the project, which indicates the effectiveness of block-based programming in the learning of the experimental group, their implementation of new ideas based on the acquired knowledge, success in decision-making, and experience that went beyond previous achievements.
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