This paper undertakes a comparison of two nonhomogeneity detection (NHD) methods and addresses their impact on the performance of the adaptive matched filter (AMF) method and the normalized adaptive matched filter (NA...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780375513
This paper undertakes a comparison of two nonhomogeneity detection (NHD) methods and addresses their impact on the performance of the adaptive matched filter (AMF) method and the normalized adaptive matched filter (NAMF) method in severely non-homogeneous clutter scenarios. Performance analysis is carried out using simulated data as well as measured data from the MCARM Program. Specific consideration is given to the computational cost of the NHD method and the sample support requirements. This paper presents a technique for speeding up the computations in the NHD. Performance is reported in terms of the probability of detection versus signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) for simulated data analyses.
The concept of spot-beamforming with distributed arrays (DAs) is introduced. DAs are array-source configurations whose array elements are spatially dispersed submerging the sources in the nearfield of the array, where...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780363396
The concept of spot-beamforming with distributed arrays (DAs) is introduced. DAs are array-source configurations whose array elements are spatially dispersed submerging the sources in the nearfield of the array, where they can be distinguished not only by their angular but also by their range signature. The resulting enhanced spatial discrimination capabilities reflected in a beampattern characterized by spot-like mainlobes lend DAs optimality properties. A gradient based algorithm for the joint optimization of the array geometry and the shading coefficients of a narrowband spot-beamformer in a stationary multiple source system is derived, and its convergence and performance are discussed. An important subclass of DAs, namely distributed linear arrays are introduced. This class is of practical significance and has the important property of being ambiguity-free in the limit for high SNR. For DAs with an arbitrary geometry, which can suffer from spatial aliasing, a set description of the ambiguities is given.
Multipath propagation has a significant impact on the performance of cellular and Personal Communication Services (PCS) systems in urban environments. This paper contains analyses to better understand urban multipath ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780363396
Multipath propagation has a significant impact on the performance of cellular and Personal Communication Services (PCS) systems in urban environments. This paper contains analyses to better understand urban multipath and examines the use of base-station antenna arrays to obtain spatial diversity. The results are based on data collected on large sparse aperture arrays and finely sampled arrays at a location below surrounding rooftop heights for both PCS and cellular frequencies. A statistical model is formulated to explain the relationship between multipath scatterers and signal cross-correlations as a function of antenna spacing.
Acoustic pressure waves are non-linearly superimposed when a periodic gas flow is perturbing the propagating medium as' it arises in car exhaust systems. la such an environment, the application of standard beamfor...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780363396
Acoustic pressure waves are non-linearly superimposed when a periodic gas flow is perturbing the propagating medium as' it arises in car exhaust systems. la such an environment, the application of standard beamforming techniques to the estimation of the forward and backward waves needs a previous reformulation to establish a linear superposition model, In this paper a new linearization method for the superposition of waves is proposed and compared to the classical assumption of linear pressure superposition, Moreover, a new problem formulation including the noise corruption of source waves is presented, In both new and classical linear contexts, three different beamformers - Delay-and-Sum (DS), Linearly Constrained Minimum Variance (LCMV) and Minimum mum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) - have been applied to numerical data generated by a thermodynamics modeling software. Results have shown that the new linearization method improves the backward wave estimation error in almost 3 dB for typical experiment conditions (few sensors and moderate signal-to-noise ratio).
In this paper, we investigate into joint direction-of-departure (DOD) and direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for bistatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar in the presence of gain-phase error and mutual c...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538647523
In this paper, we investigate into joint direction-of-departure (DOD) and direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for bistatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar in the presence of gain-phase error and mutual coupling error. An auxiliary sensors-based framework is proposed, the matched array measurement of the MIMO radar is formulated as a parallel factor (PARAFAC) model, which links the problem of joint DOD and DOA estimation to PARAFAC decomposition. Thereafter, the DODs and DOAs are obtained via least square strategy. The proposed method is computationally more efficient than the existing reduced-MUSIC method. Besides, it can achieve closed-form solutions for DODs and DOAs, which are paired automatically. Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
In this paper, we propose a rate-distributed linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) beamformer for joint noise reduction and spatial cue preservation for assistive hearing in wireless acoustic sensor networks (W...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538647523
In this paper, we propose a rate-distributed linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) beamformer for joint noise reduction and spatial cue preservation for assistive hearing in wireless acoustic sensor networks (WASNs). The WASN can consist of wireless communicating hearing aids, extended with additional wireless microphones. Due to the fact that each sensor node has a limited power budget, it is essential to consider the energy usage when designing algorithms for such WASNs. As the energy usage in terms of data transmission is directly affected by the communication rate, the proposed method optimally distributes the bit rate for each microphone node. The rate distribution is obtained by minimizing the total transmission costs under constraints on the noise reduction performance and spatial cue preservation of interfering sources. In contrast to sensor selection, i.e., binary decisions on the usefulness of a node, rate distribution allows for soft decisions, and, will lead to more degrees of freedom for joint noise reduction and spatial cue preservation than sensor selection. Numerical results show that given a certain noise reduction requirement, the proposed method displays improved energy efficiency and can preserve the spatial cues of more interferers compared to sensor selection approaches.
We consider a non-regenerative MIMO relay system where the source, relay and destination are all equipped with multiple antennas. The relay does not decode the packets but performs a multidimensional amplify-and-forwa...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1424403081
We consider a non-regenerative MIMO relay system where the source, relay and destination are all equipped with multiple antennas. The relay does not decode the packets but performs a multidimensional amplify-and-forward function (a relay matrix) on the baseband signals. Under the condition that the source is white, the relay matrix that maximizes the capacity between the source and the destination has been previously found. In this paper, we show a new result on how the source covariance matrix and the relay matrix can be jointly optimized to maximize the source-destination capacity. It is shown that the optimal coordinate system governed by the previously discovered relay matrix is still valid under the joint optimization, and the joint optimization yields a further capacity gain when the SNR at the relay is low.
MIT Lincoln Laboratory is investigating how to use a-priori information in an adaptive MTI radar under the DARPA-funded Knowledge-Aided sensorsignalprocessing and Expert Reasoning (KASSPER) program. Our objective is...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780375513
MIT Lincoln Laboratory is investigating how to use a-priori information in an adaptive MTI radar under the DARPA-funded Knowledge-Aided sensorsignalprocessing and Expert Reasoning (KASSPER) program. Our objective is to demonstrate an embedded processor and some algorithms capable of real-time space-time adaptive processing (STAP) enhanced by a-priori knowledge of terrain types, locations of clutter discretes and road layouts. The immediate goal is to realize a baseline system, which is a conventional STAP chain making no use of a-priori information. It is designed to allow the entire KASSPER community to insert new algorithm features that will exploit a-priori knowledge. This paper describes both the hardware and the algorithms that are being coded to realize the baseline system. This baseline algorithm suite will provide a reasonable starting point for adding a-priori knowledge in the form of new training schemes or new STAP algorithms to improve target detectability near the mainbeam clutter ridge.
Direction of arrival estimation using the spherical microphone array usually requires a search in the whole 3-dimensional space, hence computationally demanding. This work presents a machine learning approach to secto...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350344820;9798350344813
Direction of arrival estimation using the spherical microphone array usually requires a search in the whole 3-dimensional space, hence computationally demanding. This work presents a machine learning approach to sectorizing the 3-dimensional space, as an intermediate step for direction-of-arrival estimation using spherical microphone array. A new feature based on the outer product of spherical harmonic vectors was proposed for the classification. This spherical harmonic matrix nominally offers lower dimensionality compared to the commonly used covariance matrix of received data. The dimension of the input matrix was further reduced using the neighborhood component analysis. The extracted features were then used to train a support vector machine (SVM), 2-layer multilayer perceptron (MLP) and a convolutional neural network (CNN) for classification purposes. The results show that the models were able to classify the spherical sector with up to 90% accuracy for all models and number of sectors under consideration. Also, the MLP and CNN trained with simulated samples were able to accurately classify samples from real data that were not included in training samples.
The modern electrical grid is a complex cyber-physical system, and thus is vulnerable to measurement losses and attacks. In this paper, we consider the problem of detecting false data injection (FDI) attacks and bad d...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665406338
The modern electrical grid is a complex cyber-physical system, and thus is vulnerable to measurement losses and attacks. In this paper, we consider the problem of detecting false data injection (FDI) attacks and bad data in unobservable power systems. Classical bad-data detection methods usually assume observable systems and cannot detect stealth FDI attacks. We use the smoothness property of the system states (voltages) w.r.t. the admittance matrix, which is also the Laplacian of the graph representation of the grid. First, we present the Laplacian-based regularized state estimator, which does not require full observability of the network. Then, we derive the Laplacian-regularized generalized likelihood ratio test (LR-GLRT). We show that the LR-GLRT has a component of a soft high-pass graph filter applied to the state estimator. Numerical results on the IEEE 118-bus system demonstrate that the LR-GLRT outperforms other detection approaches and is robust to missing data.
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