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AFCNet: A Fusion Method of Multisensor Data Based on Adaptive Feature Complementation

IEEE sensors JOURNAL 2024年第12期24卷 20054-20063页

作者： Sun, Liang Cao, Cong Bai, Guoli Zhong, Zhidan Sun, Wei Wang, Dongfeng Dalian Univ Technol Sch Mech Engn Dalian 110000 Peoples R China Dalian Univ Technol Luoyang Res Inst Dalian 110000 Peoples R China Henan Univ Sci & Technol Sch Mech & Elect Engn Luoyang 471023 Peoples R China Luoyang Bearing Sci & Technol Co Ltd Luoyang 471023 Peoples R China

sensors are essential for the prognosis and health management of equipment. The fusion of multiple sensors data could improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis. Current data fusion methods focus on high-quality sensor data. However, in practical applications, constraints, such as cost or space, may limit the use of multiple high-quality sensors. Therefore, it is necessary to explore how to effectively use all available sensor data, even those containing some useful information but less effective when used individually. This article presents a novel method for sensor data fusion, utilizing the highest performing sensor data as a backbone and complementing it with preliminary data-level fusion data through multistage adaptive feature complementation. Comparative results validate the effectiveness and superiority of this method. The proposed method also demonstrates strong predictive capability by using data from a single period as training samples to forecast future data states.

关键词： sensors Feature extraction sensor fusion Fault diagnosis Data integration Time series analysis Convolution Adaptive feature complementation bearing fault diagnosis deep leaning multisensor data fusion

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Recent Progress in Emerging 2-D Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide-Based Gas sensors: A Review

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IEEE sensors JOURNAL 2024年第16期24卷 25221-25226页

作者： Kumar, Ashok Kumar, Mahesh Indian Inst Technol Jodhpur Dept Elect Engn Jodhpur 342030 India Silesian Tech Univ Fac Automat Control Elect & Comp Sci Dept Cybernet Nanotechnol & Data Proc PL-44100 Gliwice Poland

There has been significant progress in the development of two-dimensional (2-D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) as gas sensor materials over the last decade. These materials are currently at the forefront of advanced sensing technology. TMDs, such as MoS2, WS2, and SnS2, are excellent gas detectors because of their layered architectures, large surface-to-volume ratios, and adaptable electrical characteristics. The present study makes an effort to provide a synopsis of the brief history and status, importance, and advancement of these materials, and also, covered big research issues and challenges. Finally, this article discusses the advances in science and technology that needed to address the challenges. The gas sensor technology has advanced significantly with the integration of 2-D TMDs, providing improved selectivity, sensitivity, and performance. Even if there are still problems with repeatability and environmental stability, new developments in technology and research are resolving these concerns and opening the door for the wider use of TMD-based gas sensors. These materials have revolutionary potential in the realm of gas sensing, and further research and development into them might greatly advance industrial safety, medical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring.

关键词： sensors Gas detectors Sensitivity Chemicals sensor phenomena and characterization Doping Optical sensors Gas sensor large-scale synthesis layered structures sensitivity transition-metal dichalcogenides TMDs two-dimensional (2-D) material

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Nickel Oxide Nanostructures for Gas Sensing: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

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ACS sensors 2025年第3期10卷 1641-1674页

作者： Kaur, Navpreet Univ Brescia Dept Informat Engn DII SENSOR Lab I-25133 Brescia Italy

The need for efficient and reliable gas sensors has grown significantly due to increasing industrial activities, transportation, and environmental pollution, posing serious risks to human health and the environment. Advanced sensor technologies are crucial for detecting these harmful gases at low concentrations with a high accuracy. Nickel oxide, a p-type metal oxide semiconductor, has emerged as a promising candidate for gas sensing applications owing to its unique and excellent structural, electronic, and catalytic properties along with its high chemical stability. Interestingly, the possibility to synthesize NiO in versatile nanostructure forms: nanowires, nanoflowers, and nanospheres, helps to enhance surface area and porosity, which are critical factors to improve gas adsorption and diffusion. This review presents a comprehensive and critical assessment of the latest advancements in the synthesis, characterization, and gas-sensing performance of NiO nanostructures. We explore how structural modifications, such as decoration with noble metal nanoparticles, formation of different composites, and surface functionalization with self-assembly enhance the sensitivity, selectivity, and operational temperature of NiO sensors. Particular focus is given to the integration of NiO in novel nanoheterostructures, where the formation of p-n and p-p junctions significantly improves charge transport and overall sensor response. Finally, we identify current challenges in reproducibility, stability, and operating conditions, while offering directions for future research on tailoring NiO nanostructures for more effective, scalable, and robust sensor technologies.

关键词： metal oxide semiconductor nickel oxide nanostructures composite heterostructures conduction polymers surfacefunctionalization gas sensing

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sensor-Enabled Safety Systems for Human-Robot Collaboration: A Review

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IEEE sensors JOURNAL 2025年第1期25卷 65-88页

作者： Scholz, Constantin Cao, Hoang-Long Imrith, Emil Roshandel, Nima Firouzipouyaei, Hamed Burkiewicz, Aleksander Amighi, Milan Menet, Sebastien Sisavath, Dylan Warawout Paolillo, Antonio Rottenberg, Xavier Gerets, Peter Cheyns, David Dahlem, Marcus Ocket, Ilja Genoe, Jan Philips, Kathleen Stoffelen, Ben van den Bosch, Jeroen Latre, Steven Vanderborght, Bram Vrije Univ Brussel Brubot B-1050 Brussels Belgium Imec B-3001 Leuven Belgium Flanders Make B-3920 Lommel Belgium Katholieke Univ Leuven Dept Elect Engn B-3000 Leuven Belgium Vrije Univ Brussel Software Languages Lab SOFT B-1050 Brussels Belgium BruBotics B-1050 Brussels Belgium Univ Libre Bruxelles Dept Nucl Engn B-1050 Brussels Belgium Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates Univ Antwerp Dept Comp Sci B-2000 Antwerp Belgium

sensors are integrated into collaborative robot systems to ensure the safety of human workers by allowing them to perceive their environments, detect human presence, and adjust their actions accordingly. This preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) focuses on current sensor-enabled safety systems for human-robot collaboration (HRC) in the manufacturing industry based on both scientific papers and patents. From the initial search of 6669 references, 281 underwent full-text review and segmentation based on the sensor technology, installation location, and safety operating mode according to the ISO/TS 15066 standard. In the last decade, there has been a clear trend of increasing sensor-enabled safety systems. The dominant sensors used are infrared (IR)-structured light, capacitive, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), resistive, stereo/depth camera, RaDAR, and laser scanners. The primary safety operating mode identified was speed and separation monitoring (SSM). Some systems integrate multiple sensor types, with the most common combinations being LiDAR with stereo cameras or LiDAR with capacitive sensors, and laser scanners with RaDAR. We suggest multisensor integration and standardized benchmarks for future development. This review is among the few that employ the PRISMA-P protocol to study sensor technologies and contribute to a more systematic understanding of the current state of the art in this area.

关键词： Safety Robot sensing systems Robots sensors Reviews Service robots Collaborative robots sensor systems Patents Human-robot interaction human-robot collaboration (HRC) perception systems industry 50 safety systems sensors

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Refractive index and temperature dual-parameter sensors based on loss mode resonance and directional coupler in side-polished hole-assisted dual-core fiber

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2025年第1期33卷 573-582页

作者： Jin, Yuan Gao, Lai Xue, Yuxiao Yang, Jing Liu, Yan Zhu, Zheng Shi, Jinhui Grattan, K. T. V. Guan, Chunying Harbin Engn Univ Coll Phys & Optoelect Engn Key Lab Infiber Integrated Opt Minist Educ Harbin 150001 Peoples R China City Univ London Sch Math Comp Sci & Engn Northampton Sq London EC1V 0HB England

A refractive index (RI) and temperature dual-parameter sensor, based on a side- polished hole-assisted dual-core fiber (HADCF), has been proposed. In this sensor, SnO2 film has been deposited on the suspended core of HADCF by RF sputtering to produce loss mode resonance (LMR). The energy of the center core has been shown to be able to be coupled into the suspended core, taking advantage of the small distance involved and phase matching between two cores. The 10 mm long HADCF can be used to form a directional coupler. LMR and the directional coupler are integrated in parallel on the same section of HADCF, which realizes the high integration of sensing measurement. The sensor achieves simultaneous measurement of both RI and temperature through measuring both the LMR dip and coupling dip. The RI and temperature sensitivities achieved were 3812.5 nm/RIU and 521.4 pm/degrees C, respectively. The sensor discussed shows important advantages of high sensitivity, simple fabrication, high integration, and the ability to make measurements of two key parameters. (c) 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement

关键词： Fiber optic sensors Long period fiber gratings Optical directional couplers Tapered fibers Temperature sensors Thin film deposition

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Advancing rehabilitation: Knittable fiber-shaped sensors for monitoring rotator cuff injury recovery

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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2024年 487卷

作者： Zhang, Han Li, Guang Wei, Huidan Wu, Xuechen Yan, Sai Xia, Yuhan Yang, Shengyuan Schmuki, Patrik Cao, Ran Zhu, Meifang Donghua Univ Coll Mat Sci & Engn State Key Lab Modificat Chem Fibers & Polymer Mat Shanghai 201620 Peoples R China Shanghai Starriver Bilingual Sch Shanghai 201108 Peoples R China Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nuremberg Dept Mat Sci Martensstr 7 D-91058 Erlangen Germany

The integration of sensors into clothes offers significant convenience for monitoring the rehabilitation of patients. However, conventional flat sensors face challenges in achieving seamless integration due to their incompatibility with clothing. Here, we created a knittable fiber-shaped capacitive pressure sensor designed for long-term monitoring of shoulder movements of patients with rotator cuff injuries. This innovative sensor incorporates copper wires and silver conductive fibers as electrodes, with a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite fiber membrane containing zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) particles as the dielectric layer. The resultant sensor can be seamlessly while non-invasively incorporated into the garment of patents due to its exceptionally flexibility. After optimizing the number of Cu wires (4) and electrospinning time of PVDF (8 min), the knittable sensor showed a sensitivity of 0.04 kPa -1 in the range of 2 - 8 kPa, 10 times higher than that without ZIF-8 (0.003 kPa -1 ). Beyond its applications in monitoring shoulder movement across various directions and degrees, this sensor has proven its ability in monitoring breath or recording weight when encompassed into a mask or a carpet, respectively. Via integrated in daily wearings, this sensor holds immense potential in the fields of rehabilitation monitoring and personal health management due to its remarkable sensitivity and flexibility.

关键词： Knittable Fiber-shape Capacitive sensor Rehabilitation monitoring

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Design of a temperature sensor based on a valley photonic crystal Mach-Zehnder interferometer

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APPLIED OPTICS 2024年第18期63卷 4940-4945页

作者： Bai, Jie Fei, Hongming Lin, Han Wang, Ying Zhang, Mingda Liu, Xin Cao, Binzhao Tian, Yuan Xiao, Liantuan Taiyuan Univ Technol Coll Phys Taiyuan 030024 Peoples R China RMIT Univ Ctr Atomat & Nanomfg Sch Sci Melbourne Vic 3000 Australia Taiyuan Univ Technol Key Lab Adv Transducers & Intelligent Control Syst Minist Educ Taiyuan 030024 Peoples R China

With the development of photonics device integration technology, Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) are widely applied as sensors because they are extremely sensitive to environmental parameters. Conventional MZI sensors are generally large and unsuitable for high-density integration. MZIs based on photonic crystals (PCs) can significantly improve compactness and are suitable for integration. However, PC MZIs experience substantial optical loss due to scattering. Based on the spin-valley locking effect that can achieve defect-immune unidirectional transmission of topological edge states in valley photonic crystals (VPCs), we propose an MZI sensor based on a VPC structure and apply it in temperature sensing for what we believe is the first time. The interference peaks redshift with an increase in the temperature, which allows accurate sensing of the temperature shift with a high sensitivity of 0.06 nm/K in the temperature range of 100 K-750 K. The ultracompact device has a small footprint of 9.26 x 7.99 mu m2 and a high forward transmittance of 0.88. The design is suitable for the current complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication technique. Thus, it will find broad applications in integrated photonics, optical communication, and integrated temperature sensing. (c) 2024 Optica Publishing Group

关键词： Destructive interference Effective refractive index Infrared sensors Integrated photonics Photonic crystals Temperature sensors

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A Survey on integration Design of Localization, Communication, and Control for Underwater Acoustic sensor Networks

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IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 2025年第6期12卷 6300-6324页

作者： Yan, Jing Guan, Xinping Yang, Xian Chen, Cailian Luo, Xiaoyuan Yanshan Univ Inst Elect Engn Qinhuangdao 066004 Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Informat & Elect Engn Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China

Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs), which are formed by a number of interconnected mobile vehicles and static sensors, have emerged as a promising solution to explore and utilize the ocean resources. Typically, the localization, communication, and control are the fundamental services for the applications of UASNs. Although they are closely related, the localization, communication, and control issues are usually separately tackled. The separate design directly affects the localization accuracy, transmission reliability, and control efficiency, especially for resource-constrained UASNs. In this regard, it is essential and necessary to co-design the localization, communication, and control systems for UASNs. Presently, the theoretical framework of the above integration design is still in the construction phase, and some key problems remain unresolved. Therefore, this article aims to give a survey on the integration design of localization, communication, and control for UASNs. We first present the communication architecture, through which the main challenges aiming at the integration design are analyzed. After that, a holistic survey on the underwater localization, communication, and control basics is provided. Followed by this, the recent advances on the integration design are given. Finally, we make an outlook to the future research directions on the integration design for UASNs.

关键词： Location awareness Surveys Underwater vehicles Computer architecture Sea surface Monitoring Control systems Reviews Ocean temperature Internet of Things Communication control integration localization underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs)

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Cameraless sensor fusion: developing a cost-effective driver assistance system using radar and ultrasonic sensor

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sensor REVIEW 2025年第2期45卷 186-197页

作者： Sasikumar, S. Balaji, B. Aravind Joshuva, A. Deivanayagampillai, Nagarajan Hindustan Inst Technol & Sci Dept Elect & Commun Chennai India Dayananda Sagar Univ Sch Engn Dept Comp Sci & Engn AI&ML Bangalore India Rajalakshmi Inst Technol Dept Math Chennai India

PurposeThis paper aims to develop a cost-effective, camera-less advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) for electric vehicles. It will use sensor fusion of ultrasonic and radar sensors to implement adaptive cruise control (ACC), blind spot detection (BSD) and reverse parking (RP).Design/methodology/approachThe system was tested on an electric vehicle test bench, using strategically placed ultrasonic and radar sensors. sensor fusion enabled accurate object detection and distance measurement. The system's performance was evaluated through simulated obstacle scenarios, with responses monitored via a graphical user interface. sensor and GPS data were transmitted to the cloud for potential vehicle-to-vehicle *** sensor fusion approach effectively supported ACC, BSD and RP functions, demonstrating accuracy in obstacle detection, speed adjustment and emergency braking. The real-time system visualization confirmed reliability across various scenarios and cloud integration showed promise for future communication *** limitations/implicationsUltrasonic and radar sensors have limited range and accuracy compared to cameras. Ultrasonic sensors are less effective at longer distances and in adverse weather conditions, whereas radar can face challenges in detecting small or stationary objects. sensor performance can be affected by environmental factors such as rain, fog or snow, which may reduce the effectiveness of both ultrasonic and radar sensors. sensor performance can be affected by environmental factors such as rain, fog or snow, which may reduce the effectiveness of both ultrasonic and radar *** implicationsImproved obstacle detection and collision avoidance contribute to overall vehicle safety. Drivers benefit from advanced features like ACC, BSD and RP without the high cost of traditional camera-based systems. The use of ultrasonic and radar sensors makes advanced driver assistance features more affordable, allowing bro

关键词： sensor fusion Adaptive driver assistance system (ADAS) V2V Communication

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CAFuser: Condition-Aware Multimodal Fusion for Robust Semantic Perception of Driving Scenes

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IEEE ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LETTERS 2025年第4期10卷 3134-3141页

作者： Brodermann, Tim Sakaridis, Christos Fu, Yuqian Van Gool, Luc Swiss Fed Inst Technol Comp Vis Lab CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland Sofia Univ St Kliment Ohridski INSAIT Sofia 1504 Bulgaria

Leveraging multiple sensors is crucial for robust semantic perception in autonomous driving, as each sensor type has complementary strengths and weaknesses. However, existing sensor fusion methods often treat sensors uniformly across all conditions, leading to suboptimal performance. By contrast, we propose a novel, condition-aware multimodal fusion approach for robust semantic perception of driving scenes. Our method, CAFuser, uses an RGB camera input to classify environmental conditions and generate a Condition Token that guides the fusion of multiple sensor modalities. We further newly introduce modality-specific feature adapters to align diverse sensor inputs into a shared latent space, enabling efficient integration with a single and shared pre-trained backbone. By dynamically adapting sensor fusion based on the actual condition, our model significantly improves robustness and accuracy, especially in adverse-condition scenarios. CAFuser ranks first on the public MUSES benchmarks, achieving 59.7 PQ for multimodal panoptic and 78.2 mIoU for semantic segmentation, and also sets the new state of the art on DeLiVER.

关键词： sensors sensor fusion Semantics Adaptation models Cameras Feature extraction Laser radar Radar Meteorology Semantic segmentation semantic scene understanding computer vision for transportation deep learning for visual perception multimodal semantic perception

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