Rapid advancements in sensor technology have come about due to the emergence of new technologies such as IoT and intelligent homes. In this scenario, smart sensors are becoming more and more necessary. Piezoelectrical...
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Rapid advancements in sensor technology have come about due to the emergence of new technologies such as IoT and intelligent homes. In this scenario, smart sensors are becoming more and more necessary. Piezoelectrical or electromechanical principle-based flexible pressure sensors are widely researched due to their wide spread applications in robotics, electronic skin, and healthcare fields. Among the pressure sensors, capacitance pressure sensor (CPS) shows advantageous properties like high dynamic response, low power consumption, wireless data reader, easy sensorintegration into data readout circuits, short-term over pressure tolerance, low temperature coefficient, etc. Here, we have attempted to provide readers with an overview of capacitance sensors, their main architectural designs, contact and non-contact printing processes, different techniques to increase the sensitivity of CPS, and-above all-their applications. From the extensive investigation, we found that inkjet, screen, and gravure printing are the preferred printing techniques for fabricating flexible CPS. Wearable electronics has been a booming field in recent years, and the latest developments in the field of flexible capacitance pressure sensor can complement this. A detailed discussion is held regarding the latest advancements in capacitance pressure sensor that can be applied to various real-time scenarios like e-skin, robotics, and vital sign monitoring.
Most soft tactile sensors require a large number of wires to read the sensed data and complex algorithms to treat them. This makes the integration of soft tactile sensors challenging in full robotic systems. In order ...
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Most soft tactile sensors require a large number of wires to read the sensed data and complex algorithms to treat them. This makes the integration of soft tactile sensors challenging in full robotic systems. In order to simplify the integration of those soft devices, a new type of soft tactile array sensor is proposed. The sensitive keys of the sensor are made of three different self-healing Diels-Alder (DA) conductive polymers. The key positions in the sensor array are optimized in order to maximize the sensor accuracy in detecting pressed key positions and limit the number of wires required to read the sensor data. Since DA polymers are used, the keys are robustly connected to each other, ensuring high interfacial strength and conductivity while allowing reconfiguration. The reversible covalent bonds of the DA polymer allow the keys to be cut and healed back together to reform another tactile sensor tailored for another application with full recovery of the initial mechanical and electrical properties. In this work, two study cases are investigated: a keypad and a position sensor. The novel soft tactile array could reach an accuracy as low as 1.31% for the keypad and 3.8% for the position sensor compared with the developed sensor model. The keypad has a 90% success rate, whereas the position sensor has a 64% success rate.
With the increasing demand for high-precision positioning, integrated navigation technology has become a key approach to achieving accurate and reliable location tracking in modern intelligent mobile platforms. While ...
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With the increasing demand for high-precision positioning, integrated navigation technology has become a key approach to achieving accurate and reliable location tracking in modern intelligent mobile platforms. While previous studies have explored the application of various sensor combinations, there is still a lack of systematic analysis regarding the integration of the four major sensors: GNSS, INS, vision, and LiDAR. This study analyzes 5193 academic articles published between 2000 and 2024 in the Web of Science database, employing bibliometric analysis, network analysis, and content analysis to evaluate the development and application of these four sensors in integrated navigation systems. By reviewing the evolution of integrated navigation technology, the study examines four typical integration modes: GNSS/INS, INS/visual, GNSS/INS/visual, and GNSS/INS/visual/LiDAR, discussing their complementarity, fusion algorithm optimization, and emerging application scenarios. Despite significant progress in improving navigation accuracy and environmental adaptability, challenges persist in sensor cooperation and real-time processing capabilities in complex environments. The study concludes by summarizing existing research findings and identifying gaps, with future research focusing on optimizing multisensor fusion algorithms, enhancing system adaptability, improving error models, and enhancing sensor performance in adverse environmental conditions.
In this article, hot-pressed PZT ceramics were used as a sensitive element material and made into a pyroelectric chip. Three current mode sensors were fabricated using a pyroelectric chip of different thicknesses (80 ...
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In this article, hot-pressed PZT ceramics were used as a sensitive element material and made into a pyroelectric chip. Three current mode sensors were fabricated using a pyroelectric chip of different thicknesses (80 mu m, 40 mu m, and 30 mu m). The voltage responsivity of sensors reached the order of magnitude of 105. The size effect resulting from varying the thickness was studied. The results indicate that as the thickness decreases, the performance significantly increases. When the modulation frequency is 10 Hz, the specific detectivity of the sensor with a 30 mu m PZT ceramic pyroelectric chip reaches 5.3 x 108 cmHz1/2/W.
This study developed a wearable fiber Bragggrating (FBG) sensor system and explored the measurement of respiratory rate during daily activities of life such as standing, walking, and running. The measurement systemuse...
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This study developed a wearable fiber Bragggrating (FBG) sensor system and explored the measurement of respiratory rate during daily activities of life such as standing, walking, and running. The measurement systemused was a wearable FBG interrogator that we developedourselves. An FBG sensor, which is an optical fiber-typestrain sensor, was installed on the inner surface of the belt,and this belt was wrapped around the body. The respiratory cycle calculated from the respiratory strain signal measuredby the FBG sensor was almost identical to the reference respiratory cycle measured by the temperature sensor. Initially, the pressure applied by the belt was found to causedi s comfort over prolonged use. This issue was resolved by further refining the belt shape. Respiratory strain was almost accurately measured with the improved belt even when the following daily activities occurred: standing, walking at4 km/h, and running at 10 km/h. In addition, it provided a high S/N ratio respiratory strain signal even when participants were asked to walk in a hallway and upstair and downstair. The sensor system developed in this study can help measurerespiratory rate in daily life without interference.
A compact tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) gas sensor system for ppm-level carbon monoxide (CO) detection is demonstrated, featuring a miniature multipass cell (MPC) gas sensor module with an effect...
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A compact tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) gas sensor system for ppm-level carbon monoxide (CO) detection is demonstrated, featuring a miniature multipass cell (MPC) gas sensor module with an effective optical path length of similar to 4.8 m to take advantage of the directly proportional relationship between sensitivity and gas absorption path length, thereby improving the detection sensitivity. A low-power distributed feedback (DFB) laser with a power output of 2.8 mW was used as the excitation light source to further reduce power consumption, size, and weight of the TDLAS gas sensor system. The sensor performance was optimized and evaluated in terms of modulation depth, pressure, gas flow rate, signal linearity, accuracy, and stability. A minimum detection limit of 1.7 ppm was achieved with a 1-s integration time, further improved to 0.12 ppm with a 208-s integration time. Real-time measurements of CO concentration released during the combustion of cigarettes, heat-shrink tubing, and cable sheaths were performed to demonstrate the practicality and feasibility of the reported CO sensor system in early electrical fires.
Off-board sensors have the potential to provide submarine control rooms with otherwise inaccessible information to supplement data gathered by on-board sensors. Using Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as a representa...
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Off-board sensors have the potential to provide submarine control rooms with otherwise inaccessible information to supplement data gathered by on-board sensors. Using Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as a representative test case, we examined how team performance, workload and situation awareness were impacted by receiving raw, compared to processed, sensor data from one or two off-board UAVs. Sixteen teams of three participants were trained to compile a tactical picture and to complete missions. Teams receiving processed off-board sensor data compiled more accurate tactical pictures, completed missions faster, and reported lower workload, compared to teams receiving raw off-board sensor data. Situation awareness, objective workload, and perceived usability were comparable between conditions. Scenarios with two UAVs took longer to complete, with other outcomes unaffected. These outcomes provide evidence that humans can integrate additional and distinct sources of information to form a cohesive combined picture, even when those data are partially redundant.
The research scope of the papers published in this Special Issue mainly focuses on high-precision and high-reliability positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) or multi-...
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The research scope of the papers published in this Special Issue mainly focuses on high-precision and high-reliability positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) or multi-source sensors, resilient PNT with GNSSs or multi-source sensors in challenging environments, integrated PNT with GNSSs and multi-sensor systems, applications of PNT with GNSSs or multi-source sensors, etc.
Inorganic piezoelectric and conductive fillers are essential for enhancing the piezoelectric performance of flexible pressure sensors and energy harvesting devices. In this work, barium titanate (BTO) as the piezoelec...
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Inorganic piezoelectric and conductive fillers are essential for enhancing the piezoelectric performance of flexible pressure sensors and energy harvesting devices. In this work, barium titanate (BTO) as the piezoelectric filler and silver nanoparticles as the conductive filler were integrated and incorporated with poly(vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)]. This integration effectively mitigated agglomeration within the composite and significantly improved the pressure sensing performance of the flexible sensors. With an optimized content of integrated fillers, the resulting sensor demonstrated an impressive sensitivity of 15.54 V/N along with a rapid response time of 260 mu s. Introducing conductive silver nanoparticles contributed to enhancing the piezoelectric response of the sensor by amplifying the dipole amount via interfacial polarization. This interpretation has been confirmed by the results of dielectric properties, local surface potentials, finite element analysis and firstprinciples calculations. Moreover, the sensor has been proved effectively in detecting wind speed and holds promise for applications in self-powered wind speed monitoring devices.
Monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) ensures environmental safety and health. This study improved the detection capabilities of a QCM sensor by incorporating a PMMA-rGO nanocomposite designed to sense alcohol-...
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Monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) ensures environmental safety and health. This study improved the detection capabilities of a QCM sensor by incorporating a PMMA-rGO nanocomposite designed to sense alcohol-series VOCs. The nanocomposite was synthesized through modified in-situ polymerization using ethanol-water as a cosolvent, with varying rGO content. Enhanced rGO integration into the PMMA matrix significantly improved sensor performance, achieving the highest response for isopropanol at 15, 30, and 45 ppm. Sensitivity increased linearly with rGO content. All sensors showed consistent repeatability across various alcohol concentrations at room temperature. These results highlight the potential of PMMA-rGO QCM sensors for environmental and industrial VOC monitoring.
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