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Smart Luminescent Materials for Emerging sensors: Fundamentals and Advances

CHEMISTRY-AN ASIAN JOURNAL 2025年第6期20卷 e202401328页

作者： Manna, Anindya S. Ghosh, Sukla Ghosh, Tanmoy Karchaudhuri, Nilay Das, Sandip Roy, Antara Maiti, Dilip K. Univ Calcutta Dept Chem 92 APC Rd Kolkata 700009 India Womens Coll Dept Chem Kolkata India Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath Coll Dept Chem Kolkata 700120 India

Smart luminescent materials have drawn a significant attention owing to their unique optical properties and versatility in sensor applications. These materials, encompassing a broad spectrum of organic, inorganic, and hybrid systems including quantum dots, organic dyes, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), offer tunable emission characteristics that can be engineered at the molecular or nanoscale level to respond to specific stimuli, such as temperature, pH, and chemical presence. This adaptability makes them crucial in developing advanced sensor technologies for environmental monitoring, biomedical diagnostics, and industrial applications with the help of the luminescence mechanisms, such as fluorescence, phosphorescence, and upconversion. Recent advancements have been driven by the integration of nanotechnology, which enhances the sensitivity and selectivity of luminescent materials in sensor platforms. The development of photoluminescent and electrochemiluminescent sensors, for instance, has enabled real-time detection and quantification of target analytes with high accuracy. Additionally, the incorporation of these materials into portable, user-friendly devices, such as smartphone-based sensors, broadens their applicability and accessibility. Despite their potential, challenges remain in optimizing the stability, efficiency, and biocompatibility of these materials under different conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles of smart luminescent materials, discusses recent innovations in their use for sensor applications, and explores future directions aimed at overcoming current limitations and expanding their capabilities in meeting the growing demand for rapid and cost-effective sensing solutions.

关键词： Smart Luminescent materials Chemiluminescence Biosensors Quantum dots and Environmental sensors Photoluminescence and bioimaging

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Wireless System Miniaturization Solutions for Ingestible sensors

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JOURNAL OF SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE 2024年第6期24卷 518-531页

作者： Kim, Chanyoung Lee, Junghyup Song, Minyoung Daegu Gyeongbuk Inst Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Daegu South Korea

Ingestible sensors are pivotal in monitoring the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and enhancing comprehension of complex gastrointestinal processes, propelled by sensor technology advancements. They must ensure robust wireless communication from deep within the body while maintaining longevity for comprehensive monitoring. Wireless system miniaturization stands as a promising solution to these challenges. This paper introduces the current state and technical challenges ingestible sensors and their solutions for wireless system miniaturization. The key techniques for further miniaturization include the antenna miniaturization, integration of adaptive impedance matching networks, and the replacement of crystal. Additionally, the paper explores future directions for wireless communication systems to support the continued advancement of ingestible sensor technology.

关键词： Ingestible gastro-intestinal wireless communication CMOS integrated circuits medical devices

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The Application of Integrated Force and Temperature sensors to Enhance Orthotic Treatment Monitoring in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Pilot Study

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sensors 2025年第3期25卷 686-686页

作者： Zou, Yiying Zhou, Lejun Wang, Jinhao Lou, Edmond Wong, Man-Sang Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Biomed Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China Swiss Fed Inst Technol Dept Hlth Sci & Technol CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland Univ Alberta Dept Elect & Comp Engn Edmonton AB T6G 1H9 Canada

Orthosis-wearing compliance is crucial for achieving positive treatment outcomes in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), for whom 23 h of daily wear is typically prescribed. However, self-reported compliance is subjective and often based on patients' memory, leading to inaccuracies. While portable electronic devices have been developed to objectively monitor compliance, relying solely on temperature or force data can be insufficient. This study introduced a novel method that integrated both force and temperature data to estimate orthosis-wearing compliance. Twelve patients (eight females and four males) diagnosed with moderate AIS were included. Each patient was prescribed a thoracic-lumbar-sacral orthosis equipped with an integrated force and temperature sensor system. After one month of orthotic treatment, self-reported wear time averaged 17.8 +/- 6.2 h/day, while the sensor indicated an average wear time of 13.3 +/- 5.0 h/day. Most patients overestimated their compliance. Nighttime was the most common period for orthosis wear (6.1 h/day), whereas compliance during school hours (2.8 h/day) and after-school hours (3.7 h/day) was lower. The integration of force and temperature sensors provides a more comprehensive understanding of orthosis compliance. Future studies with larger samples and longer monitoring periods are needed to investigate the correlation between compliance and treatment outcomes.

关键词： adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) orthotic treatment compliance wearing pattern temperature sensor force sensor

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State-of-the-Art advances and challenges in wearable gas sensors for emerging applications: Innovations and future prospects

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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2024年 502卷

作者： Anwer, Abdul Hakeem Saadaoui, Maroua Mohamed, Assem T. Ahmad, Nafees Benamor, Abdelbaki Qatar Univ Coll Engn Gas Proc Ctr POB 2713 Doha Qatar Qatar Univ Coll Engn Dept Chem Engn POB 2713 Doha Qatar Integral Univ Lucknow Dept Chem Dashauli 226026 India

Increasing concerns about public safety and quality of life have made maintaining optimal air quality, both indoors and outdoors, critically important. Detecting toxic gaseous compounds is vital for a sustainable future. With the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT), wearable technologies are becoming integral to daily life, spurring interest in developing highly sensitive, flexible, and stretchable electronic gas sensors. This review highlights the use of advanced nanomaterials such as graphene, metal oxides, carbon nanotubes, and conducting polymers, which enhance sensor performance. It explores the integration of these sensors into wearable textiles and direct body applications, which are crucial for advancing wearable gas sensing technology. The review also examines the progression of wearable substrates, sensing materials, electrodes, and sensor types, addressing key challenges like improving sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and power efficiency. The advancements in these areas lead to discussions on their applications in diverse fields, including environmental monitoring, human health diagnostics, food quality assessment, and public safety monitoring, showcasing the broad potential of wearable gas sensors. The conclusion offers insights and recommendations for the future development of intelligent wearable nanosensors, emphasizing the need to overcome current challenges and continue research to enhance integration, miniaturization, and functionality for societal benefits.

关键词： Smart Wearable sensors Hazardous Gas Detection Real-time Monitoring Advanced Sensing Materials

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Research on fault diagnosis and signal reconstruction technology of diesel engine NOx sensor based on deep learning algorithm

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART D-JOURNAL OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING 2024年第5期238卷 1057-1068页

作者： Zhang, Weizhen Li, Jiehui Jiangsu Univ Sch Automot & Traff Engn 301 Xuefu Rd Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu Peoples R China

Modern diesel engines are commonly equipped with NOx sensors for precise and efficient selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reductant injection control, but due to the limitations of operating characteristics and environmental conditions, the output signal of NOx sensors may show abnormalities such as drift, deviation, or even distortion. Therefore, the evaluation and adjustment of the NOx sensor signal is essential to achieve intelligent control of the engine SCR system. In this study, an engine NOx calculation model is designed using deep neural network (DNN) to predict the upstream NOx emission concentration of engine SCR and provide reference values for sensor fault diagnosis, evaluate the sensor fault status by calculating the relative integration error index (IE), and reconstruct the sensor signal using the model prediction signal after the fault is confirmed. In addition, this paper uses the firefly algorithm (FA) to find the appropriate diagnostic threshold (IEthre) and integration period (T) to meet the requirements of diagnosis response speed. Finally, based on the data collected from World Harmonized Transient Cycle (WHTC) bench test of a commercial high-pressure common rail diesel engine, the IEthre = 12.76% and the T = 7.57 s. The root mean square error (RSME) of the NOx concentration signal predicted by the engine NOx calculation model was 37.35 ppm, and the normalized cumulative NOx emission was 98% of the actual signal. The performance of the designed algorithm was tested using the synthesized bias fault and drift fault signals. The sensor signal RSME was reduced from 108.46 to 29.66 ppm for the bias fault, and from 106.92 to 31.30 ppm for the drift fault.

关键词： NOx sensor DNN fault diagnosis signal reconstruction

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Next-generation wearable sensors: toward multi-directional strain sensing in sensory integration platforms

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C 2024年第38期12卷 15310-15338页

作者： Hwang, Taehoon Tsogbayar, Dashdendev Choi, Hyun Ho Lee, Hwa Sung Hanyang Univ Dept Mat Sci & Chem Engn Ansan 15588 South Korea Hanyang Univ FOUR ER ACE Ctr BK21 FOUR ER BK21 Ansan 15588 South Korea Gyeongsang Natl Univ Dept Mat Engn & Convergence Technol Jinju 52828 South Korea

Wearable technologies and flexible electronics have developed rapidly owing to the emergence of cutting-edge cross-disciplines. The flexibility and tunable properties of organic materials enable wearable sensory systems to adapt to complex surface deformations and detect physiological signals sensitively. The demand for high-performance strain sensors, to accurately detect complex movements and environmental changes, in wearable technology has increased notably. However, current sensors primarily detect strain in a single direction, which restricts their effectiveness in detecting multi-directional strains, such as in natural human movements or robotic joints. In this review, we examine the advances and future challenges that may arise in the development of strain sensors that can measure both the magnitude and direction of external tensile strain. Additionally, we examine the sensor materials (platform and sensing materials) required to develop a strain sensor to detect the direction of tension, structural research on strain sensors, and various application fields such as human motion detection and human-machine interaction via system integration. Finally, we discuss the prospects and current challenges involved in the development of direction-selective strain sensors for wearable smart electronic systems or electronic skin. This review should provide a comprehensive reference for future technologies. Strain sensors capable of recognizing the direction of mechanical stimuli are a key contributor to the development of wearable sensory platforms.

关键词： Tensile strain

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Investigating the mechanical properties of composites containing exfoliated graphite/epoxy sensors: Experimental testing and simulation

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JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS 2024年第30期58卷 3157-3170页

作者： Verbosky, Arianna L. Gebretsadik, Biniam Tamrea Reed, Quinn T. Cho, H. E. Zegeye, Ephraim F. Liberty Univ Sch Engn 1971 Univ Blvd3430 Demos Hall Lynchburg VA 24515 USA Dire Dawa Univ Dire Dawa Inst Technol Coll Mech & Ind Engn Dire Dawa Ethiopia

One approach to structural health monitoring (SHM) involves embedding sensors within a composite material. However, the integration of these sensors can potentially introduce flaws that might affect the composite's mechanical properties. This research aims to explore the impact of embedding exfoliated graphite (EG)/epoxy sensors on the mechanical characteristics of composite systems through laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. sensor strips composed of varying volume fractions of EG/epoxy were fabricated. Tensile test specimens were prepared by embedding these sensors in the epoxy matrix oriented both lengthwise and widthwise. Baseline specimens of EG/epoxy without sensors were also created for comparison. Tensile tests were performed on the samples to evaluate the effects of the embedded sensors on the composite's elastic modulus and tensile strength. The results indicated a slight improvement in both elastic modulus and tensile strength with the introduction of EG. Crucially, the orientation of the sensors within the samples had a significant impact on the composite's mechanical properties. Samples with widthwise-aligned sensors showed reduced tensile strength due to delamination along the sensor edges. Finite element simulations using a viscoelastic model based on the experimental data were conducted to analyze the effect of sensor alignment on mechanical properties. The findings revealed that a grid pattern alignment of sensors significantly enhanced mechanical performance compared to lengthwise or widthwise alignment, particularly at 0.1% and 0.3% EG volume fractions, highlighting the effectiveness of a grid pattern for embedding sensors in SHM applications.

关键词： Structural health monitoring exfoliated graphite composite materials embedded sensors

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Quantum Confinement and End-Sealing Effects for Highly Sensitive and Stable Nitrogen Dioxide Detection: Homogeneous integration of Ti3C2T x -Based Flexible Gas sensors

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ACS sensors 2024年第9期9卷 4578-4590页

作者： Quan, Wenjing Shi, Jia Zeng, Min Li, Bin Liu, Zhou Lv, Wen Fan, Chao Wu, Jian Liu, Xue Yang, Jianhua Hu, Nantao Yang, Zhi Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Natl Key Lab Adv Micro & Nano Manufacture Technol Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Informat & Elect Engn Dept Micronano Elect Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China Zhengzhou Univ Light Ind Sch Elect & Informat Zhengzhou 450002 Peoples R China

The real-time and room-temperature detection of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) holds significant importance for environmental monitoring. However, the performance of NO2 sensors has been hampered by the trade-off between the high sensitivity and stability of conventional sensitive materials. Here, we present a novel fully flexible paper-based gas sensing structure by combining a homogeneous screen-printed titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene-based nonmetallic electrode with a MoS2 quantum dots/Ti3C2Tx (MoS2 QDs/Ti3C2Tx) gas-sensing film. These precisely designed gas sensors demonstrate an improved response value (16.3% at 5 ppm) and a low theoretical detection limit of 12.1 ppb toward NO2, which exhibit a remarkable 3.5-fold increase in sensitivity compared to conventional Au interdigital electrodes. The outstanding performance can be attributed to the integration of the quantum confinement effect of MoS2 QDs and the conductivity of Ti3C2Tx, establishing the main active adsorption sites and enhanced charge transport pathways. Furthermore, an end-sealing effect strategy was applied to decorate the defect sites with naturally oxygen-rich tannic acid and conductive polymer, and the formed hydrogen bonding network at the interface effectively mitigated the oxidative degradation of the Ti3C2Tx-based gas sensors. The exceptional stability has been achieved with only a 1.8% decrease in response over 4 weeks. This work highlights the innovative design of high-performance gas sensing materials and homogeneous gas sensor techniques.

关键词： Paper-based gas sensor Flexible sensors Ti3C2T x -based electrode Quantum confinement effect End-sealing effect

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Graphene/ZnO/Poly[ε]caprolactone fibre nanocomposites for light and gas sensing applications

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MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL SOLID-STATE MATERIALS 2025年 314卷

作者： Tichonovas, Martynas Ilickas, Mindaugas Martuzevicius, Dainius Rackauskas, Simas Kaunas Univ Technol Inst Mat Sci K Barsausko St 59 LT-51423 Kaunas Lithuania Kaunas Univ Technol Dept Environm Technol Radvilenu St 19 LT-50254 Kaunas Lithuania

This study presents a flexible layered ZnO-polycaprolactone and graphene-polycaprolactone nanocomposite sensor for UV and NO2 gas sensing applications, created by electrospinning to achieve a fibrous high surface area structure. sensor performance was evaluated by varying ZnO concentration and sensing layer thickness, with 50 % ZnO content in the nanocomposite yielding optimal response to UV. NO2 gas sensing tests demonstrated significant resistivity changes, with Rg/Ra values reaching up to 5.65 and minimal response reduction under elevated humidity. The sensor calculated NO2 detection limit was 0.544 ppm, indicating its suitability for environmental and industrial monitoring, as well as potential integration into flexible electronics and wearable technologies.

关键词： Nanocomposite Electrospinning Spun sensors ZnO gas sensing Flexible sensors

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A CMOS Readout Circuit for Resistive Tactile sensor Array Using Crosstalk Suppression and Nonuniformity Compensation Techniques

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE integration (VLSI) SYSTEMS 2024年第12期32卷 2368-2376页

作者： Li, Yao Geng, Junfeng Ye, Mao He, Jiaji Zheng, Xiaoxiao Wang, Qiuwei Zhao, Yiqiang Tianjin Univ Sch Microelect Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China Tianjin Univ Tianjin Key Lab Imaging & Sensing Microelect Techn Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China

This article presents a novel readout circuit for the resistive tactile sensor array. Based on the 2-D scanning mechanism, a crosstalk suppression technique is proposed by combining the correlated double sampling (CDS) and zero potential method (ZPM). The output of the same sensor under different bias conditions is captured twice and amplified by a channel-parallel fully differential gain stage, performing analogous subtraction. To achieve nonuniformity compensation, the current injected into the readout channel is adjusted by the channel-parallel digital-to-analog converter (DAC). A successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) performs quantization, and the chip can be used as a serial peripheral interface (SPI) slave to update register values for gain configuration, power consumption control, and nonuniformity compensation The 180-nm CMOS prototype chip occupies an area of 4.8 mm(2) and consumes 285 mu W. In order to validate the design, a tactile sensing system is built, using the readout circuit along with a 10 x 10 flexible sensor array. With the techniques proposed in this article, the readout error of the sensors in array is less than 0.3.

关键词： Crosstalk Resistors Switches sensor arrays sensors Dynamic range Tactile sensors Crosstalk suppression nonuniformity compensation readout circuit resistive sensor array (RSA) sensor applications sensor interface successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) tactile sensor

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