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Exploration of Biologically-Inspired Nanostructures:Review on the Sensing Potential and Technological integration of the Morpho Butterfly Wing

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Photonic sensors 2025年第2期15卷 132-148页

作者： Mian Aizaz AHMED Dingwen HU Yaqi SHI Yinpeng CHEN Shahab AKHAVAN Zongyin YANG College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Institute for Materials Discovery University College LondonLondon WC1E 7JEUK

The surge in demand for cost-effective,lightweight,and rapidly responsive sensors has propelled research in various fields,and traditional sensors face limitations in performing up to the mark due to their intrinsic properties and a lack of innovative fabrication ***,over the last decade,a notable shift has been toward harnessing naturally existing nanostructures to develop efficient and versatile sensing *** such nanostructure in morpho butterfly wings has attracted attention because of its vibrant uniqueness and diverse sensing *** review will explore recent interdisciplinary research endeavors on the nanostructure,including chemical,vapor,and acoustic ***,its potential as an infrared sensor,considerations related to heat transfer properties,and a brief overview of various replication techniques and challenges encountered in reproducing the intricate nanostructure are discussed.

关键词： Nanostructure morpho butterfly wing mid-wave infrared detection bioinspired

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Recent Advancements in Rubber Composites for Physical Activity Monitoring sensors: A Critical Review

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POLYMERS 2025年第8期17卷 1085-1085页

作者： Kumar, Vineet Alam, Md Najib Manik, Gaurav Park, Sang-Shin Yeungnam Univ Sch Mech Engn 280 Daehak Ro Gyongsan 38541 Gyeongbuk South Korea Indian Inst Technol Roorkee Dept Polymer & Proc Engn Saharanpur Campus Saharanpur 247001 Uttar Pradesh India

This review provides the latest insight (2020 to 2025) for composite-based physical activity monitoring sensors. These composite materials are based on carbon-reinforced silicone rubber. These composites feature the use of composite materials, thereby allowing the creation of new generation non-invasive sensors for monitoring of sports activity. These physical sports activities include running, cycling, or swimming. The review describes a brief overview of carbon nanomaterials and silicone rubber-based composites. Then, the prospects of such sensors in terms of mechanical and electrical properties are described. Here, a special focus on electrical properties like resistance change, response time, and gauge factor are reported. Finally, the review reports a brief overview of the industrial uses of these sensors. Some aspects are sports activities like boxing or physical activities like walking, squatting, or running. Lastly, the main aspect of fracture toughness for obtaining high sensor durability is reviewed. Finally, the key challenges in material stability, scalability, and integration of multifunctional aspects of these composite sensors are addressed. Moreover, the future research prospects are described for these composite-based sensors, along with their advantages and limitations.

关键词： graphene carbon nanotubes sensors sports monitoring durability

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3-D Magnetic Angular sensor Enabled by Spin-Orbit Torque

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS 2025年第4期61卷

作者： Li, Xin Zhan, Wei Guo, Zhe Fan, Xiaoyu Zhou, Chenxi Wang, Yihan Zhang, Shuai You, Long Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Integrated Circuits Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Hubei Univ Sch Microelect Wuhan 430062 Peoples R China Hubei Univ Key Lab Intelligent Sensing Syst & Secur Minist Educ Wuhan 430062 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Engn Res Ctr Data Storage Syst & Technol Key Lab Informat Storage Syst Minist Educ China Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Shenzhen Huazhong Univ Sci Technol Res Inst Shenzhen 518000 Peoples R China

The application scenarios of magnetic angular position sensors are extensive, spanning diverse fields, such as navigation, medical devices, robotics, automotive industries, and aerospace. However, the fabrication of 3-D angular sensors presents significant challenges, as it necessitates the integration of sensors with varying orientations and precise orientation correction. In this work, we propose a novel 3-D angular position sensor based on the current-induced spin-orbit torque (SOT) effect, which features a simple and compact heavy metal (HM)/ferromagnetic (FM) heterostructure configuration. Spatial angular detection is accomplished by determining two projection angles, which represent the projection of a magnetic field onto three orthogonal planes within a spatial coordinate system. Compared to both commercially available and recently proposed angular position sensors, our design distinguishes itself by enabling 3-D magnetic field sensing with a single device, while maintaining a straightforward and scalable manufacturing process. Experimental results demonstrate that the angular error of the proposed sensor remains below 1 degrees under magnetic fields of less than 15 Oe.

关键词： Magnetic fields Robot sensing systems Three-dimensional displays Magnetic field measurement Magnetization sensors Saturation magnetization Magnetic devices Magnetic domains IP networks Magnetic angular position sensor scalability spin-orbit torque (SOT) vectoral magnetic field sensing

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Ultra-high sensitivity integrated photonic biosensors based on a feedback-coupled microring resonator

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2025年第5期33卷 10355-10363页

作者： Chen, Zhituo Wang, Han Zhang, A. ping Dai, Daoxin Shi, Yaocheng Zhejiang Univ Coll Opt Sci & Engn Int Res Ctr Adv Photon Ctr Opt & Electromagnet Res Hangzhou 310058 Peoples R China Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China

A high-performance sensor is crucial for the integration of optical biosensors, enabling the precise and rapid identification of target analytes. We present the correlation between feedback-coupled microring resonator (FBCMR) and variations in Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and microring resonator (MRR) phases. By introducing an asymmetric MZI into FBCMR, we have successfully achieved ultra-high sensitivity integrated photonic sensor whose refractive index sensitivity and limit of detection are 5752.5 nm/RIU and 1.6514 x 10-5, respectively. The photonic sensor is packaged with a PDMS microfluidic layer, forming an integrated optofluidic chip, which is applied to detect human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Such an integrated photonic sensor has no suspended or subwavelength grating (SWG) structure so that no need to challenge manufacturing processes which paves the way for application in high-resolution biochemical sensing and environmental monitoring.

关键词： Biosensors Effective refractive index Image sensors Refractive index sensor performance Waveguide sensors

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A Planar Compact Absorber for Microwave Sensing Based on Transmission-Line Metamaterials

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IEEE sensors JOURNAL 2024年第24期24卷 41864-41874页

作者： Kazemi, Nazli Abdolrazzaghi, Mohammad Musilek, Petr Baladi, Elham Polytech Montreal Elect Engn & Polygrames Res Ctr Montreal PQ H3T1J4 Canada Univ Toronto Elect & Comp Engn Toronto ON M5S3G4 Canada Univ Alberta Elect & Comp Engn Edmonton AB T6G2R3 Canada Univ Hradec Kralove Dept Appl Cybernet Hradec Kralove 50003 Czech Republic

This work introduces a novel microwave sensor leveraging a perfect metamaterial absorber (PMA) based on transmission-line metamaterials, marking a significant step toward enhancing sensing capabilities. Unique design choices, including the integration of lumped inductors and series capacitors within the unit cell to synthesize a negative and near-zero permittivity, elevate the sensor's resolution and lower the absorption frequency. These modifications enhance sensitivity and precision for detecting small material quantities, with the sensor achieving an absorption efficiency exceeding 98%. The design also ensures robust performance against changes in incident angles and polarization due to its compact profile, rendering it versatile for diverse sensing applications. Experimental validation confirms the sensor's performance, highlighting its efficacy in material detection with a notable frequency shift sensitivity of 500 MHz for permittivity changes from 3 to 18, establishing it as a transformative structure for metamaterial-based microwave sensing technologies. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrates a resolution of 5.01 MHz per percentage increase in soil moisture content, offering a new benchmark in the precision of environmental sensing. This breakthrough in design and functionality establishes the sensor as a pivotal tool in the advancement of metamaterial-based microwave sensing technologies, promising widespread applicability, and impact.

关键词： sensors Metamaterials Absorption Permittivity Magnetic materials Impedance Resonant frequency Inductors Resonance Mathematical models LC-resonator metamaterial absorbers microwave sensing precision sensing applications sensitivity

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Rational integration of SnMOF/SnO2 Hybrid on TiO2 Nanotube Arrays: An Effective Strategy for Accelerating Formaldehyde Sensing Performance at Room Temperature

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ACS sensors 2023年第11期8卷 4189-4197页

作者： He, Zhen-Kun Zhao, Jiahui Li, Keke Zhao, Junjian He, Haoxuan Gao, Zhida Song, Yan-Yan Northeastern Univ Coll Sci Shenyang 110819 Peoples R China

Formaldehyde is ubiquitously found in the environment, meaning that real-time monitoring of formaldehyde, particularly indoors, can have a significant impact on human health. However, the performance of commercially available interdigital electrode-based sensors is a compromise between active material loading and steric hindrance. In this work, a spaced TiO2 nanotube array (NTA) was exploited as a scaffold and electron collector in a formaldehyde sensor for the first time. A Sn-based metal-organic framework was successfully decorated on the inside and outside of TiO2 nanotube walls by a facile solvothermal decoration strategy. This was followed by regulated calcination, which successfully integrated the preconcentration effect of a porous Sn-based metal-organic framework (SnMOF) structure and highly active SnO2 nanocrystals into the spaced TiO2 NTA to form a Schottky heterojunction-type gas sensor. This SnMOF/SnO2@TiO2 NTA sensor achieved a high room-temperature formaldehyde response (1.7 at 6 ppm) with a fast response (4.0 s) and recovery (2.5 s) times. This work provides a new platform for preparing alternatives to interdigital electrode-based sensors and offers an effective strategy for achieving target preconcentrations for gas sensing processes. The as-prepared SnMOF/SnO2@TiO2 NTA sensor demonstrated excellent sensitivity, stability, reproducibility, flexibility, and convenience, showing excellent potential as a miniaturized device for medical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and other intelligent sensing systems.

关键词： SnMOF/SnO2 hybrid spaced TiO2 NTA preconcentration room temperature formaldehyde sensor

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Screen-Printing of Carbons/Conductive Polymer Composite Inks for Smart Glove with High-Performance Textile sensors

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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025年第21期17卷 31511-31521页

作者： Li, Zhiyi Zheng, Ke Wang, Qian Li, Quancai Zhao, Weiwei Liang, Jing Wu, Wei Wuhan Univ Sch Phys & Technol Lab Printable Funct Mat & Printed Elect Wuhan 430072 Peoples R China

Flexible strain sensor-based smart textiles have promising applications in wearable devices. However, most existing smart textiles suffer from complex fabrication processes and inadequate control over the patterning and uniform deposition of conductive materials, which significantly hinder their commercialization. Herein, we propose a ternary composite ink system (graphene nanoplatelets/carbon black/PEDOT:PSS , G-C-P ink) by utilizing the synergistic effect of three different conductive components. This system exhibits superior rheological properties, enabling uniform deposition of patterned sensors on textile substrates through high-resolution screen printing. The synergistic interplay of ternary conductive materials overcomes the limitations of single/dual materials and endows the strain sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity (gauge factor = 1628 at 155-200% strain), broad working range (0-200% strain), and robust durability (>5000 cycles). Furthermore, stretchable interconnects based on silver fractal dendrites were integrated to extend the sensor array. Both sensors and interconnects were directly screen-printed onto the textile, achieving seamless compatibility with industrial textile manufacturing processes. integration with printed circuit boards enabled a smart textile glove, demonstrating promising applications in gesture recognition and object-grasping recognition. This work establishes a scalable manufacturing paradigm for high-performance smart textiles and provides new possibilities for the commercialization of smart wearable textile systems.

关键词： smart textile screen printing conductiveink strain sensor gesture recognition

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Prototype Alarm Integrating Pulse-Driven Nitrogen Dioxide sensor Based on Holey Graphene Oxide/In2O3

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ACS sensors 2024年第10期9卷 5425-5435页

作者： Han, Jiayin Gu, Guoxuan Gao, Yuan Yu, Ning Zhou, Weirong Wang, Yong Kong, Dehao Gao, Yubing Lu, Geyu Jilin Univ Coll Elect Sci & Engn State Key Lab Integrated Optoelect Key Lab Gas Sensors Changchun 130012 Jilin Peoples R China Jilin Univ Int Ctr Future Sci Changchun 130012 Jilin Peoples R China

NO2 seriously threatens human health and the ecological environment. However, the fabrication of highly sensitive NO2 sensors with rapid response/recovery rates, low detection limits, and ease of integration remains a challenge. Herein, benefiting from the fast carrier transfer and rich active sites, holey graphene oxide (HGO) was adopted to functionalize the In2O3 nanosheet to construct NO2 gas sensors. Characterization and theoretical calculations established the merits of HGO decoration in the NO2 sensing. The optimal sample, 0.5 wt % HGO/In2O3-sheet, exhibited superior sensing properties, resulting in a 1.37-fold improvement in response to 1 ppm of NO2 compared to the GO/In2O3 counterpart. Gas-sensing kinetics analysis revealed its lower activation energy and higher kinetic rate constants. Importantly, pulsed-temperature modulation was employed to decouple the gas adsorption from surface activation processes, achieving an ultrahigh response of 2776 to 1 ppm of NO2 for the 0.5 wt % HGO/In2O3-sheet sensor. Compared to the isothermal mode, this strategy enhanced the response value by 1.6 times, reduced the response/recovery time by 33%/70%, and enabled the detection of NO2 concentrations as low as 1 ppb. Finally, an NO2 monitoring alarm system based on the 0.5 wt % HGO/In2O3-sheet sensor with pulsed-temperature modulation was demonstrated for hazard warnings.

关键词： NO2 sensor trace detection pulsed-temperaturemodulation holey graphene oxide In2O3 nanosheets

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Microwave Resonators Embedded With Carbon Nanotubes for Real-Time Gas Sensing

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IEEE sensors JOURNAL 2024年第4期24卷 4325-4333页

作者： Kao, Hsuan-Ling Tsai, Yun-Chen Chang, Li-Chun Chiu, Hsien-Chin Chang Gung Univ Dept Elect Engn Taoyuan 33302 Taiwan Chang Gung Univ Ctr Reliabil Sci & Technol Taoyuan 33302 Taiwan Chang Gung Mem Hosp Dept Dermatol Taoyuan 33305 Taiwan Ming Chi Univ Technol Dept Mat Engn New Taipei 243303 Taiwan Ming Chi Univ Technol Ctr Plasma & Thin Film Technol New Taipei 243303 Taiwan

This study proposed the application of microwave resonators embedded with carbon nanotube (CNT) sensing films fabricated using inkjet printing technology as gas sensors. The density and uniformity of CNTs dominated resistance, which was related to inkjet printing droplet spacing (DS), layer numbers, and electrode patterns. Although the high-density resistive-type CNT (DS = 20 mu m and 20 layers) sensor with the regular electrode (RE) pattern had a lower response than the low-density CNT (DS = 30 mu m) sensor, its response presented a narrow repeatability distribution. The response of the high-density CNT sensor with interdigital electrode (IDE) pattern can be improved and was even higher than that of the low-density CNT sensor with the RE pattern. Based on the results of resistive-type sensors, the frequency responses of the CNT films with DS = 20 and 30 mu m, 20 layers, and the IDE pattern embedded into transmission-type resonators were studied. During NH3 absorption, the insertion and return losses of the resonator embedded with the sensing film with DS = 20 mu m and 20 layers increased, whereas those of the resonator embedded with the sensing film with DS = 30 mu m and 20 layers decreased. The resonator frequency of both films increased because the CNT resistance increased during NH3 absorption. These results indicated that the frequency response of the microwave sensors was related to the resistance of CNT films. A transmission-type microwave resonator can provide multidimensional frequency responses and high repeatability and has the potential for integration with the IoT and RFID for wireless gas-sensing applications.

关键词： Carbon nanotube (CNT) gas sensor inkjet printing microwave resonant

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An Underwater Methane sensor Based on Laser Spectroscopy in a Hollow Core Optical Fiber

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ACS sensors 2024年第11期9卷 5896-5905页

作者： Kapit, Jason A. Youngs, Sarah Pardis, William A. Padilla, Alexandra M. Michel, Anna P. M. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst Woods Hole MA 02543 USA Univ Colorado Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci 1333 Grandview Ave Boulder CO 80302 USA

Existing sensors for measuring dissolved methane in situ suffer from excessively slow response times or large size and complexity. The technology reported here realizes improvements by utilizing a hollow core optical fiber (HFC) as the detection cell in an underwater infrared laser spectrometer. The sensor operates by using a polymer membrane inlet to continuously extract dissolved gas from water. Once inside the sensor, the gas passes through an HCF, within which tunable diode laser spectroscopy is used to quantify methane. The use of an HCF for the optical cell enables advantages of sensitivity, selectivity, compactness, response time, and ease of integration. A submersible prototype has been developed, characterized in the laboratory, and tested in the ocean to a depth of 2000 m. Initial laboratory environmental testing showed a pCH4 detection range up to 10,000 mu atm, an uncertainty of 5.6 mu atm or +/- 1.4% (whichever is greater) and a response time of 4.6 min over a range of controlled operating conditions. Operation at sea demonstrated its utility in generating dissolved methane maps, targeted point sampling, and water column profiling.

关键词： methane sensor hollow core fiber underwater ocean

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