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Highly Sensitive, Flexible, Wearable Piezoelectric sensor by the integration of P(VDF-TrFE)/BaTiO3 Composite Film and a-IZO TFTs

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IEEE sensors JOURNAL 2025年第8期25卷 12788-12796页

作者： Lai, Kaiyuan Liu, Yurong Yao, Ruohe Geng, Kuiwei South China Univ Technol Sch Microelect Guangzhou 510641 Guangdong Peoples R China

High sensitivity, highly integrated, low-power consumption, and highly flexible pressure sensors are essential for applications in fields such as electronic skin, smart robotics, and human-AI interaction. In this study, a highly sensitive integrated pressure sensor was prepared on a flexible PI substrate which includes a thin-film transistor (TFT)-based amplifier with a poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)]/BaTiO3(BTO) piezoelectric composite sensing unit. The sensing unit is connected to the extended gate of one In-doped ZnO (IZO) TFT, while the other IZO TFT serves as a load resistor for the amplifier. The integrated sensor can directly convert an external pressure applied to P(VDF-TrFE)/BTO composite into a voltage (or current) signal and amplify it without an additional charge amplifier. The results indicate the integrated sensor exhibits a low power consumption of 100 similar to 200 mu W, a high sensitivity of 0.64 V/kPa, and a rapid response time of 20 ms. The integrated sensor can be used to detect human movements and vital signs in real time, such as finger bending and stretching, pulse, and vocal cord vibrations, suggesting that the integrated sensor has a great deal of promise for application in wearable health monitoring systems.

关键词： sensors Thin film transistors sensor phenomena and characterization Sensitivity Pressure sensors Logic gates Intelligent sensors Electrodes Motion pictures Fabrication Flexible integrated pressure sensor poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)]/BaTiO3(BTO) composite thin-film transistor (TFT)-based amplifier

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Deep Learning-Driven Wavefront Sensing for Grating-Array-Based Wavefront sensor

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IEEE sensors JOURNAL 2025年第3期25卷 4769-4776页

作者： Kumar, Nagendra Choudhury, Pranjal Buddha, S. S. Goutam Indian Inst Technol Delhi New Delhi 110016 India Indian Inst Technol Guwahati Dept Phys Gauhati 781039 India Tata Inst Fundamental Res Hyderabad 500046 India

This article introduces a novel methodology for wavefront sensing through the integration of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) into grating array-based wavefront sensors (GAWS), providing a unique perspective on optical systems. In contrast to Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors (SHWSs) that rely on lenslets, GAWS utilizes diffraction gratings displayed on a spatial light modulator (SLM) for focal spot array generation. Our focus is on replacing the traditional methods such as the Southwell algorithm with a CNN-based approach for wavefront estimation. The CNN model, trained on focal spot array images and corresponding Zernike modes, exhibits superior accuracy and efficiency compared to traditional methods. A comprehensive comparative analysis highlights the excellence of our CNN-based approach in wavefront reconstruction. The integration of CNNs into GAWS not only enhances wavefront sensing accuracy but also introduces a paradigm shift, exploring neural networks as viable alternatives to conventional methods.

关键词： sensors sensor arrays Accuracy Optical sensors Lenses Image reconstruction Gratings Optical distortion Laser beams Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) deep learning wavefront sensing grating array-based wavefront sensing wavefront sensing Zernike polynomials Zernike polynomials

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Electrochemical sensors for analyte in saliva: recent update

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sensor REVIEW 2024年第1期44卷 35-67页

作者： Li, Xingxing You, Shixi Fan, Zengchang Li, Guangjun Fu, Li Hangzhou Dianzi Univ Coll Mat & Environm Engn Key Lab Novel Mat Sensor Zhejiang Prov Hangzhou Peoples R China Siterwell Elect Co Ltd Res & Dev Ctr Ningbo Peoples R China

Purpose This review provides an overview of recent advances in electrochemical sensors for analyte detection in saliva, highlighting their potential applications in diagnostics and health care. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the current state of the field, identify challenges and limitations and discuss future prospects for the development of saliva-based electrochemical sensors. Design/methodology/approach The paper reviews relevant literature and research articles to examine the latest developments in electrochemical sensing technologies for saliva analysis. It explores the use of various electrode materials, including carbon nanomaterial, metal nanoparticles and conducting polymers, as well as the integration of microfluidics, lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices and wearable/implantable technologies. The design and fabrication methodologies used in these sensors are discussed, along with sample preparation techniques and biorecognition elements for enhancing sensor performance. Findings Electrochemical sensors for salivary analyte detection have demonstrated excellent potential for noninvasive, rapid and cost-effective diagnostics. Recent advancements have resulted in improved sensor selectivity, stability, sensitivity and compatibility with complex saliva samples. integration with microfluidics and LOC technologies has shown promise in enhancing sensor efficiency and accuracy. In addition, wearable and implantable sensors enable continuous, real-time monitoring of salivary analytes, opening new avenues for personalized health care and disease management. Originality/value This review presents an up-to-date overview of electrochemical sensors for analyte detection in saliva, offering insights into their design, fabrication and performance. It highlights the originality and value of integrating electrochemical sensing with microfluidics, wearable/implantable technologies and point-of-care testing platforms. The review also identifies challenges and limitations,

关键词： Saliva Electrochemical sensor Analyte POC Electrochemical reaction

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FBG-Based Triaxial Contact Force sensor With Segment-by-Segment Sensitivity Separation Method Using a Single Fiber

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IEEE sensors JOURNAL 2025年第1期25卷 505-514页

作者： Lou, Yuyang Dong, Shiyuan Yang, Tianyu Wan, Xingyu Zhang, Liang Luo, Dong Wu, Jianwei Liu, Huanhuan Dong, Yuming Chongqing Normal Univ Sch Phys & Elect Engn Chongqing 401331 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Shenzhen Inst Adv Technol Res Ctr Optoelect Engn & Technol Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Changsha Univ Sch Elect Informat & Elect Engn Changsha 410022 Peoples R China

In the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF), ablation stands as the foremost therapeutic strategy. Crucial to the success of ablation is the creation of transmural injuries in the cardiac tissue. The integration of a force sensor at the distal end of the catheter holds the potential to accurately quantify the extent of ablation-induced damage, thereby significantly enhancing the success rate of the procedure. This article introduces a novel isotropic three-axis force sensor, leveraging fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology. A unique segment-by-segment sensitivity differentiation technique is implemented to decouple three-axis forces. This innovation empowers the sensor with adaptable stiffness adjustments in all spatial directions and robust elastomeric integration. Moreover, the utilization of a single optical fiber substantially enhances the overall flexibility of the catheter. The sensor's structural integrity is rigorously validated numerically and experimentally. Calibration of the sensor is performed using both linear and nonlinear models. Results demonstrate that the designed sensors meet technical specifications, achieving a resolution of less than 1 g. In terms of accuracy, the nonlinear model exhibits superior performance. Root-mean-square errors for sensors operating within lateral [-1 N, 1 N] and axial [0 N, 2 N] ranges are all within 1.2% of the full scale.

关键词： sensors Force Optical fiber sensors Force sensors Catheters sensor phenomena and characterization Sensitivity Optical fibers Structural beams Strain Cardiac ablation contact force sensing fiber Bragg grating (FBG) flexible isotropy softness

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integration of High-Performance FETs and Sensitive Gas sensors Using Janus WSiGeP4 for Trace Toxic Gas Detection

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JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2025年第15期16卷 3856-3867页

作者： Dong, Mi-Mi Fu, Xiao-Xiao Wang, Chuan-Kui Zhao, Ming-Wen Shandong Univ Sch Phys Jinan 250100 Peoples R China Shandong Normal Univ Sch Phys & Elect Shandong Key Lab Med Phys & Image Proc Jinan 250358 Peoples R China Shandong Normal Univ Shandong Prov Engn & Tech Ctr Light Manipulat Sch Phys & Elect Jinan 250358 Peoples R China

Integrating a field-effect transistor (FET) and FET-type gas sensor within a single two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting material is essential for achieving on-chip detection of trace concentrations of toxic gas. This technology allows the output signal of the gas sensor to be amplified directly by the FET on an integrated circuit, enabling complex analyses to be performed in a compact and efficient manner. However, achieving this integration is currently challenging. In this study, using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that a Janus WSiGeP4 monolayer with out-of-plane polarization can be utilized to create both a high-performance top-gate FET and an ultrasensitive bottom-gate FET-type gas sensor, thereby facilitating the integration of these two devices. The key performance metrics of the designed FET align with the standards set by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) for high-performance applications, while the gas sensor exhibits high response to both NO and NH3 gases in the low oxygen air and humid environment with ultrahigh responses of 301.2 and 99.4 toward NO and NH3 gas, respectively. Our work provides a promising strategy for integrating these two devices within a single 2D material.

关键词： Gas detectors

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Mechanical metamaterial sensors: from design to applications

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JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS 2025年第13期58卷 133002-133002页

作者： Oliveira, Hugo de Souza Khaanghah, Niloofar Saeedzadeh Elli, Giulia Petti, Luisa Cantarella, Giuseppe Milana, Edoardo Munzenrieder, Niko Free Univ Bozen Bolzano Fac Engn I-39100 Bolzano Italy Univ Freiburg Dept Microsyst Engn IMTEK D-79110 Freiburg Germany Univ Freiburg Cluster Excellence livMatS FIT Freiburg Ctr Intera D-79110 Freiburg Germany Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia Dept Phys Informat Math I-41125 Modena Italy Univ Sussex Sensor Technol Res Ctr Brighton BN1 9QT England

The integration of mechanical metamaterials with sensor technology has opened new frontiers in the design and application of advanced sensing systems due to their ability to impart unique mechanical properties that enhance sensor functionality. Mechanical metamaterials, with properties derived from their engineered structures rather than their material composition, offer unique advantages such as negative Poisson's ratio, high strength-to-weight ratios, and programmable behaviors. This review explores the dual approaches of incorporating sensors with mechanical metamaterials: metamaterial-supported sensors, where metamaterials provide structural support and enhanced durability to traditional sensors, and metamaterial-integrated sensors, where the metamaterial itself serves as the sensing element. Incorporating metamaterials in sensor design can offer increased sensitivity and precision, enhanced structural integrity and durability, programmability and reconfigurability, as well as lightweight and compact design solutions. Key advancements in the field are presented, highlighting how metamaterials properties can enhance sensor performance in terms of sensitivity, precision, and operational versatility. The review covers the primary materials and fabrication techniques used, including additive manufacturing, molding, and physical vapor deposition, and discusses the challenges associated with the mechanical integration of metamaterials and sensors. Practical applications in pressure, strain, temperature, and biomedical sensing are examined, demonstrating the transformative potential of mechanical metamaterials in creating high-performance, multifunctional sensor systems. The discussion concludes with an outlook on future research directions and potential advancements in the field.

关键词： sensors metamaterials flexible electronics 3D printing microfabrication soft robots

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A Bayesian Spike-and-Slab sensor Selection Approach for High-Dimensional Prognostics

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2025年 22卷 13814-13827页

作者： Huh, Ye Kwon Fu, Ying Liu, Kaibo Univ Wisconsin Madison Dept Ind & Syst Engn Madison WI 53706 USA

With recent advances in sensor technology, more and more sensors are being used to simultaneously monitor the degradation of a system. As the number of sensors increases, it becomes increasingly difficult to distinguish informative sensors from uninformative sensors when performing prognostics, especially under the presence of different sensor correlations, signal-to-noise ratios, measurement units, and data characteristics. Existing methods for sensor selection typically rely on penalized-likelihood methods, which are known to provide biased estimates and poor sensor selection results in such high-dimensional settings. To overcome this challenge, we propose a novel data-fusion method that simultaneously selects informative sensors using Bayesian spike-and-slab priors and fuses the informative sensors into a 1-D health index (HI) to better characterize the degradation process for further prognostic analysis. Compared to the existing literature, the proposed Bayesian spike-and-slab sensor selection approach provides several unique advantages: 1) superior sensor selection performance in high-dimensional scenarios;2) consistent sensor selection results with correlated sensors;3) guaranteeing weak and strong selection consistency under mild assumptions;and 4) higher RUL prediction accuracy in a wide range of simulation and case studies. Note to Practitioners-This paper is motivated by the practical challenge of selecting informative sensors from high-dimensional multisensor systems (i.e., when there are many sensors relative to the number of training units) when conducting prognostics. Informative sensors not only provide valuable insights on the system's degradation process, but also can be used to construct degradation indicators for practitioners to monitor and interpret the system status. In order to select informative sensors, this paper proposes a novel approach involving Bayesian spike-and-slab priors. After we select the informative sensors, they are then fused

关键词： Degradation Monitoring Bayes methods Training Predictive models Indexes Neural networks Fuses Data integration Biological system modeling Data fusion degradation modeling health index (HI) multisensor remaining useful life prediction

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Recent advancements in wearable sensors: integration with machine learning for human-machine interaction

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RSC ADVANCES 2025年第10期15卷 7844-7854页

作者： Mu, Guangrui Zhang, Yang Yan, Zhonghong Yu, Qinming Wang, Qifan Heilongjiang Univ Chinese Med Inst Higher Educ Tradit Chinese Med Harbin Peoples R China Heilongjiang Univ Chinese Med Grad Sch Harbin Peoples R China Heilongjiang Univ Chinese Med Sch Humanities & Management Harbin Peoples R China

Wearable sensors have emerged as a transformative technology, enabling real-time monitoring and advanced functionality in various fields, including healthcare, human-machine interaction, and environmental sensing. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in wearable sensor technologies, focusing on innovations in sensor design, material flexibility, and integration with machine learning. We explore the feasibility of wearable electronics in achieving high-performance, flexible devices and discuss their potential to enhance human-machine interactions through intelligent data processing and decision-making. The combination of wearable electronics and machine learning offers immense potential for applications requiring real-time responsiveness and advanced analytics. By analyzing recent developments of sensors, this review aims to inspire further innovations in this rapidly evolving field, paving the way for the next generation of wearable technologies.

关键词： Wearable sensors

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Sensitivity-Improved Curvature sensor Based on Microwave-Photonic Fiber Ring Resonator

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IEEE sensors JOURNAL 2024年第20期24卷 32213-32221页

作者： Li, Shiyu Zhu, Chen Wuxi Univ Sch Integrated Circuit Sci & Engn Wuxi 214105 Peoples R China Wuxi Univ Jiangsu Prov Engn Res Ctr Integrated Circuit Relia Wuxi 214105 Peoples R China Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou Peoples R China

This work reports the development of an optical fiber curvature based on the integration of a miniature sensor head with a microwave-photonic fiber ring resonator (MWP-FRR) system with enhanced sensitivity. The sensor head is a well-known heterogeneous device, constructed by the combination of a section of hollow core fiber (HCF) and two sections of single-mode fibers (SMFs), forming the SMF-HCF-SMF (SHS) configuration. In contrast to the conventional approach of directly quantifying optical transmission alterations in response to bending within the SHS device, our study innovatively harnesses the transformation of these transmission losses into pronounced fluctuations in the frequency response profile of the MWP-FRR system. It is revealed that the magnitude variations observed in the frequency response, under bending conditions and interrogated by the MWP technique, are amplified compared to those derived from direct optical transmission measurements utilizing an optical spectrum analyzer. Additionally, a strategy for further sensitivity improvement is proposed and experimentally verified. The possibility of using the sensor system for dynamic sensing is also explored. This work reveals that the integration of an intensity-modulation-based optical fiber sensor head with the MWP-FRR system offers a versatile and effective platform for developing high-performance optical fiber sensors.

关键词： Optical fiber sensors sensors Optical fibers Optical fiber couplers Propagation losses Optical ring resonators Optical interferometry Curvature sensor fiber optic sensor fiber ring resonator (FRR) interferometer microwave photonics (MWPs)

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Enhanced Force Estimation and Autonomous Force Tuning Through Fusion of Tactile sensor and Quasi-Direct Drive Gripper

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IEEE sensors JOURNAL 2025年第3期25卷 5319-5326页

作者： De Clercq, Thomas Ostyn, Frederik Crevecoeur, Guillaume Univ Ghent Dept Electromech Syst & Met Engn B-9000 Ghent Belgium

Robotic manipulation relies on accurate force sensing and control mechanisms to ensure efficient and safe operation. This article presents a novel approach to enhance robotic manipulation capabilities by integrating a barometric tactile sensor with a quasi-direct drive gripper (QDDG). The synergy between these technologies addresses inherent limitations: QDDGs struggle with high current requirements and potential overheating, while tactile sensors often have restricted force ranges and sampling rates. By fusing data from these systems using an adaptive sensor fusion model, this study improves force estimation accuracy, extends force range capability, and boosts sampling rates up to 100 Hz. The integrated approach not only enhances grasping efficiency but also enables autonomous adjustment of grip force levels to prevent slippage. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in force estimation accuracy over individual sensor outputs, validating the effectiveness of the proposed integration for advanced robotic manipulation tasks. Furthermore, based on this sensor fusion framework, a slip detection and control mechanism was developed capable of grasping and lifting a diverse array of objects with high success-rates (>90%).

关键词： Force Tactile sensors sensors Robot sensing systems sensor fusion Grippers Robots Accuracy Grasping Gears Multiple-sensor systems sensor data fusion smart sensor-actuators

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