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International Conference on Flexible and Printable sensors and Systems (FLEPS)

作者： Altmann, Alexander A. Souissi, Fatma Ben Dali, Omar Suppelt, Sven Latsch, Bastian Doersam, Jan Helge Zhukov, Sergey Flachs, Dennis Kupnik, Mario Tech Univ Darmstadt Measurement & Sensor Technol Grp Darmstadt Germany Tech Univ Darmstadt Dept Mat & Earth Sci Darmstadt Germany TH Aschaffenburg Fac Engn Aschaffenburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350383270;9798350383263

The development of smart wearables, involving the sensor integration into textiles, has emerged in several applications, such as heart rate monitoring in healthcare contexts, smart insoles for gait analysis, or gesture recognition for virtual reality interfaces. A common challenge in this field is the incorporation of off-the-shelf sensors, which are often nonelastic, therefore, constrain the design, reduce sensitivity, and lead to increased costs. In this work, we present an additively manufactured ferroelectret sensor integrated into a textile with detachable electronics on an elastic strap. The sensor comprises a 3D printed layer of soft polylactic acid, creating a seamlessly fused, mechanically resilient compound. Its long-term charge stability results in the surface potential settling at 300V after 15 days and a piezoelectric coefficient of up to 201 pC/N for mechanical loads of 1 N, similar to state-of-the-art ferroelectrets. We demonstrate the sensor integration in the application of hand gesture recognition by deploying it into a sport bandage and reliably distinguish between three gestures, while the soft sensor proves suitable as an unobtrusive measurement device. As a result, this lowcost, biocompatible, and highly flexible sensor qualifies for the integration in various further applications, such as in medical and sports devices.

关键词： Flexible sensor textile integration ferroelectret 3D printing smart textiles gesture detection

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Flexible Sweat sensors: From Films to Textiles

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ACS sensors 2023年第2期8卷 465-481页

作者： Luo, Dan Sun, Haibo Li, Qianqian Niu, Xin He, Yin Liu, Hao Tiangong Univ Sch Text Sci & Engn Tianjin 300387 Peoples R China Tiangong Univ Inst Smart Wearable Elect Text Tianjin 300387 Peoples R China

Flexible sweat sensors have found widespread potential applications for long-term wear and tracking and real-time monitoring of human health. However, the main substrate currently used in common flexible sweat sensors is thin film, which has disadvantages such as poor air permeability and the need for additional wearables. In this Review, the recent progress of sweat sensors has been systematically summarized by the types of monitoring methods of sweat sensors. In addition, this Review introduces and compares the performance of sweat sensors based on thin film and textile substrates such as fiber/yarn. Finally, opportunities and suggestions for the development of flexible sweat sensors are presented by summarizing the integration methods of sensors and human body monitoring sites.

关键词： flexible sensor film-based textile-based wearable sensor noninvasive health monitoring sweat electrochemical sensor optical sensor

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A Survey on Heterogeneity Taxonomy, Security and Privacy Preservation in the integration of IoT, Wireless sensor Networks and Federated Learning

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sensors 2024年第3期24卷 968页

作者： Mengistu, Tesfahunegn Minwuyelet Kim, Taewoon Lin, Jenn-Wei Pusan Natl Univ Dept Informat Convergence Engn Busan 46241 South Korea Fu Jen Catholic Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn New Taipei City 242062 Taiwan

Federated learning (FL) is a machine learning (ML) technique that enables collaborative model training without sharing raw data, making it ideal for Internet of Things (IoT) applications where data are distributed across devices and privacy is a concern. Wireless sensor Networks (WSNs) play a crucial role in IoT systems by collecting data from the physical environment. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the integration of FL, IoT, and WSNs. It covers FL basics, strategies, and types and discusses the integration of FL, IoT, and WSNs in various domains. The paper addresses challenges related to heterogeneity in FL and summarizes state-of-the-art research in this area. It also explores security and privacy considerations and performance evaluation methodologies. The paper outlines the latest achievements and potential research directions in FL, IoT, and WSNs and emphasizes the significance of the surveyed topics within the context of current technological advancements.

关键词： Internet of Things wireless sensor networks federated learning heterogeneity machine learning security and privacy energy efficiency

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The roadmap of two-dimensional materials toward next-generation image sensor

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National Science Review 2024年第12期11卷 73-75页

作者： Na Zhang Decai Ouyang Yuan Li Tianyou Zhai State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology

With the rapid development of visual information technology, image sensors are increasingly required to meet complex demands, including higher sensitivity,wider detection band, high-density integration, flexibility, and intelligent functionality [1]. However, conventional image sensors still suffer from inherent limitations, such as poor photoelectric sensitivity, narrow detection bands, and lack of multifunctionality,which significantly limit their capabilities in cutting-edge applications.

关键词： roadmap sensor image materials next-generation toward two-dimensional

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A micro resonant pressure sensor with adjustable quality factor

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JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024年第1期38卷 347-356页

作者： Ren, Jianhua Hou, Dezhi Shi, Xufei Fu, Xiaorui Hebei Univ Engn Coll Mech & Equipment Engn Handan 056001 Peoples R China Hebei Univ Engn Key Lab Intelligent Ind Equipment Technol Hebei Pr Handan 056001 Peoples R China Xuanhua Vocat Coll Sci & Technol Dept Informat Engn Zhangjiakou 075100 Peoples R China

Being an important component of micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS), the micro resonant sensor offers advantages such as the compact size, high accuracy, ease of integration with the test circuit, fast response time, and resistance to frequency signal distortion. Moreover, the tool has broad market prospects. In order to improve the performance of sensors and reduce production costs, in this paper, a micro-resonant pressure sensor, with an adjustable quality factor, is proposed to achieve the measurement of pressure by the electrostatic excitation-capacitive detection. Furthermore, the vibration theory of the sensor in the presence of multi-field coupling, including electrostatic force, molecular force, and air damping force is deduced, and the principle of the adjustable quality factor is analyzed. Then, a sample of the sensor with an adjustable quality factor is developed by using the micromachining method, and a high-precision detection circuit, based on a 90 degrees feedback loop, is constructed to manufacture the sensor quality factor adjustment experiment. The results show that the quality factor is 16.89 when the gain M is zero. When the gain is equal to 1.07 center dot 106, the quality factor of the sensor increases by a factor of 4.73 to reach 79.94. It can significantly improve the detection sensitivity and accuracy of such sensors. Finally, this approach can meet different testing requirements and significantly reduce the cost of equipment fabrication and reduce the experimental expenses.

关键词： Mico-resonant sensors Adjustable quality factor MEMS Pressure sensor

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Hybrid pedestrian positioning system using wearable inertial sensors and ultrasonic ranging

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第3期33卷 327-338页

作者： Lin Qi Yu Liu Chuanshun Gao Tao Feng Yue Yu School of Communication and Information Engineering Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China

Pedestrian positioning system(PPS)using wearable inertial sensors has wide applications towards various emerging fields such as smart healthcare,emergency rescue,soldier positioning,*** performance of traditional PPS is limited by the cumulative error of inertial sensors,complex motion modes of pedestrians,and the low robustness of the multi-sensor collaboration *** paper presents a hybrid pedestrian positioning system using the combination of wearable inertial sensors and ultrasonic ranging(H-PPS).A robust two nodes integration structure is developed to adaptively combine the motion data acquired from the single waist-mounted and foot-mounted node,and enhanced by a novel ellipsoid constraint *** addition,a deep-learning-based walking speed estimator is proposed by considering all the motion features provided by different nodes,which effectively reduces the cumulative error originating from inertial ***,a comprehensive data and model dual-driven model is presented to effectively combine the motion data provided by different sensor nodes and walking speed estimator,and multi-level constraints are extracted to further improve the performance of the overall *** results indicate that the proposed H-PPS significantly improves the performance of the single PPS and outperforms existing algorithms in accuracy index under complex indoor scenarios.

关键词： Pedestrian positioning system Wearable inertial sensors Ultrasonic ranging Deep-learning Data and model dual-driven

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A Sock-Embedded Wireless Sensing System Employing Paper-Substrate-Based MEMS Tactile sensors Array and Low-Power ASIC for Accurate and Comfortable AFib Monitoring

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IEEE sensors JOURNAL 2023年第24期23卷 31050-31060页

作者： Luo, Weijie Sharma, Vikas Young, Darrin J. Univ Utah Elect & Comp Engn Dept Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA Apple Inc Cupertino CA 95014 USA Univ Utah Div Cardiothorac Surg Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA

This article presents the design, system integration, and evaluation results of a sock-embedded, low-cost, comfortable, and easy-to-use wearable sensing system for atrial fibrillation (AFib) monitoring. A five-channel tactile sensors array is fabricated employing a paper substrate and spray-deposited metallization. A low-power application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is designed and fabricated to interface the sensors array. The sensors array, ASIC, and a Bluetooth low energy (BLE) chip are further integrated into a miniature wireless sensing system, which can be placed on the top of a foot inside of a sock in a comfortable manner. Evaluation of the sensing system under different sitting conditions is conducted with an electrocardiographic (ECG) sensor and a photoplethysmographic (PPG) sensor serving as sensing references, which demonstrates that the prototype system is capable of accurately measuring instant heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) to detect AFib under typical sitting conditions with typical foot movements. Measurement results further indicate that supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) can also be detected.

关键词： sensors sensor arrays Monitoring Biomedical monitoring Electrocardiography Wireless communication Tactile sensors Atrial fibrillation (AFib) capacitive sensor heart rate variability (HRV) low-power sensing circuit paper substrate sensor-and-circuit interface tactile sensor wearable sensor wireless sensing system

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Wearable sensors for monitoring vital signals in sports and health: progress and perspective

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sensor REVIEW 2024年第3期44卷 301-330页

作者： Zhao, Jinwei Feng, Shuolei Cao, Xiaodong Zheng, Haopei Gdansk Univ Phys Educ & Sport Dept Sport Gdansk Poland Zhengzhou Univ Light Ind Dept Phys Zhengzhou Peoples R China Lincoln Univ Coll Petaling Jaya Malaysia Peoples Hosp TUAN FENG Dept Rehabil Huanggang Peoples R China Zhengzhou Tech Coll Zhengzhou Henan Peoples R China Univ Hong Kong Dept Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China

PurposeThis paper aims to concentrate on recent innovations in flexible wearable sensor technology tailored for monitoring vital signals within the contexts of wearable sensors and systems developed specifically for monitoring health and fitness ***/methodology/approachIn recent decades, wearable sensors for monitoring vital signals in sports and health have advanced greatly. Vital signals include electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram, electromyography, inertial data, body motions, cardiac rate and bodily fluids like blood and sweating, making them a good choice for sensing *** report reviewed reputable journal articles on wearable sensors for vital signal monitoring, focusing on multimode and integrated multi-dimensional capabilities like structure, accuracy and nature of the devices, which may offer a more versatile and comprehensive ***/valueThe paper provides essential information on the present obstacles and challenges in this domain and provide a glimpse into the future directions of wearable sensors for the detection of these crucial signals. Importantly, it is evident that the integration of modern fabricating techniques, stretchable electronic devices, the Internet of Things and the application of artificial intelligence algorithms has significantly improved the capacity to efficiently monitor and leverage these signals for human health monitoring, including disease prediction.

关键词： Wearable sensor Vital Signal Monitoring Sports Health

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High-Sensitivity and Wide-Range Flexible Ionic Piezocapacitive Pressure sensors with Porous Hemisphere Array Electrodes

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sensors 2024年第2期24卷 366页

作者： Wu, Bang Wu, Weiguang Ma, Rui Chen, Haobing Zhao, Yilin Li, Yunfan Lei, Xiao Liu, Feng Wuhan Univ Sch Power & Mech Engn Wuhan 430072 Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Hubei Key Lab Elect Mfg & Packaging Integrat Wuhan 430072 Peoples R China

The development of high-performance flexible pressure sensors with porous hierarchical microstructures is limited by the complex and time-consuming preparation processes of porous hierarchical microstructures. In this study, a simple modified heat curing process was first proposed to achieve one-step preparation of porous hemispherical microstructures on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. In this process, a laser-prepared template was used to form surface microstructures on PDMS film. Meanwhile, the thermal decomposition of glucose monohydrate additive during heat curing of PDMS led to the formation of porous structures within PDMS film. Further, based on the obtained PDMS/CNTs electrodes with porous hemisphere array and ionic polymer dielectric layers, high-performance ionic piezocapacitive sensors were realized. Under the synergistic effect of the low-stiffness porous hemisphere microstructure and the electric double layer of the ionic polymer film, the sensor based on an ionic polymer film with a 1:0.75 ratio of P(VDF-HFP):[EMIM][TFSI] not only achieves a sensitivity of up to 106.27 kPa-1 below 3 kPa, but also has a wide measurement range of over 400 kPa, which has obvious advantages in existing flexible piezocapacitive sensors. The rapid response time of 110 s and the good stability of 2300 cycles of the sensor further elucidate its practicality. The application of the sensor in pulse monitoring, speech recognition, and detection of multiple dynamic loads verifies its excellent sensing performance. In short, the proposed heat curing process can simultaneously form porous structures and surface microstructures on PDMS films, greatly simplifying the preparation process of porous hierarchical microstructures and providing a simple and feasible way to obtain high-performance flexible pressure sensors.

关键词： pressure sensor ionic polymer film porous hemispherical microstructure high sensitivity wide measurement range

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The Role of PEDOT Deposition in the Fabrication of Flexible RF sensors

IEEE JOURNAL OF RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

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IEEE JOURNAL OF RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION 2025年 9卷 95-105页

作者： Casula, Giovanni Andrea Mascia, Antonello Mattana, Enrico Muntoni, Giacomo Sforazzini, Giuseppe Cosseddu, Piero Maxia, Paolo Montisci, Giorgio Univ Cagliari Dipartimento Ingn Elettr & Elettron I-09123 Cagliari Italy Univ Cagliari Dept Chem & Geol Sci I-09123 Cagliari Italy INAF Osservatorio Astron Cagliari I-09047 Selargius Italy

This paper explores the integration of Poly(3,4)-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT), a conductive polymer, into high-frequency (HF) RFID tags for real-time sensing applications. By modeling PEDOT as a material with variable conductivity, the study investigates three deposition strategies: partial replacement of metallic traces, selective application to specific regions, and full tag coating. The impact of PEDOT molecular organization and deposition technique on sensor performance is analyzed to optimize functionality. The proposed sensor is cost-effective, scalable, and fully compatible with existing 13.56 MHz RFID infrastructure. Experimental evaluations and numerical simulations confirm its ability to precisely modulate the tag frequency response based on environmental stimuli. Key applications include logistics, healthcare, IoT systems, and environmental monitoring, enabling advanced tracking, temperature integrity control, and sustainability. Building on preliminary simulations, this work advances to rigorous experimental validation, demonstrating the potential of organic semiconductor-based RFID sensors as a transformative solution for high-sensitivity, real-time monitoring in industrial and commercial settings.

关键词： sensors Temperature sensors Monitoring Conductivity Chemical sensors Temperature measurement Intelligent sensors Real-time systems Organic semiconductors Radio frequency RFID tag HF frequency band organic semiconductor-based sensor

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