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In-situ piezoelectric sensors for structural health monitoring with machine learning integration

MECHATRONICS 2025年 106卷

作者： Langat, Rogers K. Deng, Weikun De Luycker, Emmanuel Cantarel, Arthur Rakotondrabe, Micky Univ Toulouse Univ Technol Tarbes Occitanie Pyrenees UTTOP Lab Genie Prod LGP F-65000 Tarbes France Univ Toulouse Univ Technol Tarbes Occitanie Pyrenees UTTOP Inst Clement Ader ICA F-65000 Tarbes France

This paper presents a novel approach to structural health monitoring (SHM) in aeronautical composite materials, leveraging embedded sensor data and advanced machine learning techniques for enhanced performance and simplified fault detection and identification. The study introduces an in-situ sensing system that integrates polymer-based piezoelectric sensors within the composite structure, enabling direct measurement and high-quality data acquisition. By employing a Gram angle field-based time-frequency transformation, the proposed method captures fault information from the in-situ measurements effectively. The study validates the effectiveness of the proposed approach by successfully completing diagnostic validation and identification of single and compound faults, such as scratches, holes, cuts, and other defects, using simple machine learning models. The findings of this study highlight the potential of combining in-situ sensing and advanced machine learning techniques for improved structural health monitoring in aeronautical composite materials.

关键词： Aeronautical composites Machine learning integration Fault detection and identification Data processing techniques Piezoelectric sensors In-situ sensing systems Structural health monitoring

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TFT-Based Near-sensor In-Memory Computing: Circuits and Architecture Perspectives of Large-Area eDRAM and ROM CiM Chips

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS 2024年第2期71卷 620-633页

作者： Liu, Jialong Tang, Wenjun Li, Hongtian Chen, Deyun Long, Weihang Liu, Yongpan Jiang, Chen Yang, Huazhong Li, Xueqing Tsinghua Univ Dept Elect Engn BNRist Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Tsinghua Shenzhen Int Grad Sch Key Lab Adv Sensor & Integrated Syst Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China

In the era of intelligent IoT, huge amount of sensor data is collected and then transmitted to processor elements in edge devices or cloud servers. The latency and energy consumption in this process have been a bottleneck and are becoming more severe. To mitigate this problem, the idea of combining sensors, memory and processors for collectively handling the data, has been proposed and explored actively in recent efforts. In this work, thin-film transistor (TFT), which has been widely adopted in display devices and flexible sensors, is exploited. It is shown that, while TFT is promising for large-area sensing, it also shows a great potential for computing and storing data for large-area and low-cost edge sensors. More specifically, we have fabricated and measured two large-area TFT-based near-sensor computing-in-memory (CiM) chips adopting embedded DRAM (eDRAM) and ROM structure respectively. We further give a detailed analysis of the integration of CiM arrays and sensor arrays to realize a sensing and data pre-process system. Measurement and simulation results show that such TFT-based solutions can accomplish real-time sensing and multiply-accumulate (MAC) processing in the analog field, which simplifies the system design with lowered energy and latency in our neural network evaluations.

关键词： TFT non-volatile memory computing-in-memory

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AgNPs with CNTs to construct multifunctional flexible sensor with dual conductive network structure

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES 2024年第Pt 4期279卷 135569页

作者： Lao, Yufei Wei, Qiaoyan Xiao, Suijun Li, Dacheng Ye, Liangdong Lv, Yuling Lu, Shaorong Guilin Univ Technol Key Lab New Proc Technol Nonferrous Met & Mat Guangxi Key Lab Nat & Biomed Polymer Mat Minist Educ Guilin 541004 Peoples R China

Flexible sensors play an important role in the field of smart devices. However, most flexible sensors suffer from poor sensing signal stability and monofunction. In this study, a multifunctional film (named PM) with dual conductive network structure was fabricated by nanocellulose crystal dispersed with silver nanoparticles and carbon nanotube. The PM film exhibited excellent conductivity (24.6 S/m) along with antimicrobial effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Furthermore, the PM sensor showed excellent electrothermal performance, reaching 133.1 degrees C within 50 s at 12 V, and an excellent temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR = -0.65 % degrees C-1) over a temperature range of 36-124 degrees C. More importantly, the PM sensor demonstrated a high strain sensitivity (GF = 1.66) and durability (320 cycles), capable of detecting minute human body movements at a strain as low as 1 %. Additionally, the PM sensor maintained a stable sensing performance even after 30 d of exposure to air. Therefore, the multifunctional integration of the PM sensor shows great potential for application in the field of flexible electronics.

关键词： In situ reduction Dual conductive network structure Composite film sensor

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An Integrated Capacitance-Pressure-Temperature Sensing Probe for Injection Molding Monitoring

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT 2025年 74卷

作者： Zheng, Wenjia Hu, Huanjia Zhang, Zheng Ding, Weilong Lee, S. W. Ricky Gao, Furong Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Acad Interdisciplinary Studies Hong Kong Peoples R China Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Dept Chem & Biol Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Guangzhou Smart Mfg Thrust Syst Hub Guangzhou 511400 Peoples R China HKUST LED FPD Technol R&D Ctr Foshan 528200 Peoples R China Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Res Inst Guangzhou 511458 Peoples R China

Process monitoring is a valuable tool in the modern injection molding industry for assessing process health, maintaining safety, and improving product quality. However, to truly tap into the potential of process monitoring, new advancements in sensing technology must be made. Currently, the industry only has a way to monitor the cavity conditions (temperature and pressure) where the product is formed, lacking an online method to monitor in-mold material behaviors. This gap can be bridged by the innovative use of a capacitance sensor, which allows for the real-time characterization of the in-mold material's dielectric properties and monitoring its status during the molding process. In this work, we develop a low-cost, highly integrated, compact sensing probe capable of simultaneously measuring pressure, temperature, and capacitance signals at the same location, providing comprehensive data for analysis. The sensor is designed, fabricated, and validated through real injection molding experiments. The analysis shows that the capacitance signal can monitor the in-mold material status throughout the cycle, with its endpoint signal strongly correlated with product shrinkage. Furthermore, excellent part weight and thickness prediction results using the machine learning models demonstrate the effectiveness of the sensor signals for injection molding quality monitoring.

关键词： sensors Temperature sensors Temperature measurement Probes Monitoring Electrodes Injection molding Capacitive sensors Polymers Insulators Capacitive sensing injection molding monitoring in-mold sensor quality prediction sensor integration

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integration of Surface-Mount Devices in Microsystems Using Tracks Consisting of Nanoparticles

IEEE SENSORS LETTERS

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IEEE sensors LETTERS 2024年第10期8卷 1页

作者： Mitteramskogler, Tina Fuchsluger, Andreas Ecker, Rafael Lang, Sebastian Wilfinger, Thomas Wille, Robert Jakoby, Bernhard Johannes Kepler Univ Linz Inst Microelect & Microsensors A-4040 Linz Austria Ernst Wittner GmbH A-1140 Vienna Austria Tech Univ Munich Chair Design Automat D-80333 Munich Germany

The success of semiconductor industry, providing a high- volume, high-accuracy fabrication method of sensor chips, has caused sensors to be omnipresent in everyday consumer products. Typically, these sensors are enclosed into sensor packages and further integrated onto printed circuit boards since, for the connection to the outer world, several length scales have to be bridged. In this work, we show how surface-mount devices (SMDs) can be directly integrated onto poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chips through the use of open microchannels. To this end, the SMDs are directly placed onto structured PMMA plates with open microchannels connecting them to dedicated liquid reservoirs. When introducing conductive inks to those reservoirs, capillary forces draw the liquid toward the SMDs and ensure the electrical connection between the liquid reservoir and the SMDs themselves. With the addition of crossings and meandering conductive lines, this process can be used for the fabrication of electrical networks out of individual SMD components directly on a PMMA substrate.

关键词： Liquids Reservoirs Ink Substrates Resistance Nanoparticles Fabrication sensor systems integration laser writing nanoparticle ink poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surface-mount devices (SMDs)

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Preparation, integration, and piezoresistive performance of MXene materials for multifunctional pressure sensor design

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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2025年 514卷

作者： Jin, Yuetian Wang, Yuhua Wuhan Univ Sci & Technol Hubei Prov Key Lab Syst Sci Met Proc Wuhan 430081 Peoples R China

MXene materials have demonstrated significant potential in flexible pressure sensing applications owing to their unique two-dimensional layered structure, abundant surface functional groups, exceptional hydrophilicity, and outstanding electrical, mechanical, and electromechanical properties. MXene-based pressure sensors exhibit remarkable piezoresistive characteristics, including high sensitivity, broad detection range, rapid response, excellent anti-interference capability, and environmental compatibility, making them widely applicable in biomedicine, health monitoring, sports science, and human-machine interaction. However, prior systematic studies on MXene's pressure-sensitive performance have predominantly focused on its synthesis methods or intrinsic properties, with limited exploration of the relationship between MXene composites, structural design, and sensing performance. This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in MXene-based pressure sensors, providing an overview of MXene fundamentals and pressure sensor principles, with an emphasis on elucidating the interplay between structure, fabrication, and performance. Additionally, it highlights the application prospects of MXene pressure sensors in multiple cutting-edge fields from multiple perspectives, and addresses critical challenges in their scalable production and practical implementation, providing reference for future research to promote the widespread adoption of MXene materials in flexible sensing technology.

关键词： MXene Pressure sensor Structure and manufacturing Piezoresistive properties Pressure sensor applications

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3-D Magnetic Angular sensor Enabled by Spin-Orbit Torque

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS 2025年第4期61卷

作者： Li, Xin Zhan, Wei Guo, Zhe Fan, Xiaoyu Zhou, Chenxi Wang, Yihan Zhang, Shuai You, Long Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Integrated Circuits Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Hubei Univ Sch Microelect Wuhan 430062 Peoples R China Hubei Univ Key Lab Intelligent Sensing Syst & Secur Minist Educ Wuhan 430062 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Engn Res Ctr Data Storage Syst & Technol Key Lab Informat Storage Syst Minist Educ China Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Shenzhen Huazhong Univ Sci Technol Res Inst Shenzhen 518000 Peoples R China

The application scenarios of magnetic angular position sensors are extensive, spanning diverse fields, such as navigation, medical devices, robotics, automotive industries, and aerospace. However, the fabrication of 3-D angular sensors presents significant challenges, as it necessitates the integration of sensors with varying orientations and precise orientation correction. In this work, we propose a novel 3-D angular position sensor based on the current-induced spin-orbit torque (SOT) effect, which features a simple and compact heavy metal (HM)/ferromagnetic (FM) heterostructure configuration. Spatial angular detection is accomplished by determining two projection angles, which represent the projection of a magnetic field onto three orthogonal planes within a spatial coordinate system. Compared to both commercially available and recently proposed angular position sensors, our design distinguishes itself by enabling 3-D magnetic field sensing with a single device, while maintaining a straightforward and scalable manufacturing process. Experimental results demonstrate that the angular error of the proposed sensor remains below 1 degrees under magnetic fields of less than 15 Oe.

关键词： Magnetic fields Robot sensing systems Three-dimensional displays Magnetic field measurement Magnetization sensors Saturation magnetization Magnetic devices Magnetic domains IP networks Magnetic angular position sensor scalability spin-orbit torque (SOT) vectoral magnetic field sensing

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Exploration of Biologically-Inspired Nanostructures:Review on the Sensing Potential and Technological integration of the Morpho Butterfly Wing

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Photonic sensors 2025年第2期15卷 132-148页

作者： Mian Aizaz AHMED Dingwen HU Yaqi SHI Yinpeng CHEN Shahab AKHAVAN Zongyin YANG College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Institute for Materials Discovery University College LondonLondon WC1E 7JEUK

The surge in demand for cost-effective,lightweight,and rapidly responsive sensors has propelled research in various fields,and traditional sensors face limitations in performing up to the mark due to their intrinsic properties and a lack of innovative fabrication ***,over the last decade,a notable shift has been toward harnessing naturally existing nanostructures to develop efficient and versatile sensing *** such nanostructure in morpho butterfly wings has attracted attention because of its vibrant uniqueness and diverse sensing *** review will explore recent interdisciplinary research endeavors on the nanostructure,including chemical,vapor,and acoustic ***,its potential as an infrared sensor,considerations related to heat transfer properties,and a brief overview of various replication techniques and challenges encountered in reproducing the intricate nanostructure are discussed.

关键词： Nanostructure morpho butterfly wing mid-wave infrared detection bioinspired

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Rational integration of SnMOF/SnO2 Hybrid on TiO2 Nanotube Arrays: An Effective Strategy for Accelerating Formaldehyde Sensing Performance at Room Temperature

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ACS sensors 2023年第11期8卷 4189-4197页

作者： He, Zhen-Kun Zhao, Jiahui Li, Keke Zhao, Junjian He, Haoxuan Gao, Zhida Song, Yan-Yan Northeastern Univ Coll Sci Shenyang 110819 Peoples R China

Formaldehyde is ubiquitously found in the environment, meaning that real-time monitoring of formaldehyde, particularly indoors, can have a significant impact on human health. However, the performance of commercially available interdigital electrode-based sensors is a compromise between active material loading and steric hindrance. In this work, a spaced TiO2 nanotube array (NTA) was exploited as a scaffold and electron collector in a formaldehyde sensor for the first time. A Sn-based metal-organic framework was successfully decorated on the inside and outside of TiO2 nanotube walls by a facile solvothermal decoration strategy. This was followed by regulated calcination, which successfully integrated the preconcentration effect of a porous Sn-based metal-organic framework (SnMOF) structure and highly active SnO2 nanocrystals into the spaced TiO2 NTA to form a Schottky heterojunction-type gas sensor. This SnMOF/SnO2@TiO2 NTA sensor achieved a high room-temperature formaldehyde response (1.7 at 6 ppm) with a fast response (4.0 s) and recovery (2.5 s) times. This work provides a new platform for preparing alternatives to interdigital electrode-based sensors and offers an effective strategy for achieving target preconcentrations for gas sensing processes. The as-prepared SnMOF/SnO2@TiO2 NTA sensor demonstrated excellent sensitivity, stability, reproducibility, flexibility, and convenience, showing excellent potential as a miniaturized device for medical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and other intelligent sensing systems.

关键词： SnMOF/SnO2 hybrid spaced TiO2 NTA preconcentration room temperature formaldehyde sensor

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A Planar Compact Absorber for Microwave Sensing Based on Transmission-Line Metamaterials

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IEEE sensors JOURNAL 2024年第24期24卷 41864-41874页

作者： Kazemi, Nazli Abdolrazzaghi, Mohammad Musilek, Petr Baladi, Elham Polytech Montreal Elect Engn & Polygrames Res Ctr Montreal PQ H3T1J4 Canada Univ Toronto Elect & Comp Engn Toronto ON M5S3G4 Canada Univ Alberta Elect & Comp Engn Edmonton AB T6G2R3 Canada Univ Hradec Kralove Dept Appl Cybernet Hradec Kralove 50003 Czech Republic

This work introduces a novel microwave sensor leveraging a perfect metamaterial absorber (PMA) based on transmission-line metamaterials, marking a significant step toward enhancing sensing capabilities. Unique design choices, including the integration of lumped inductors and series capacitors within the unit cell to synthesize a negative and near-zero permittivity, elevate the sensor's resolution and lower the absorption frequency. These modifications enhance sensitivity and precision for detecting small material quantities, with the sensor achieving an absorption efficiency exceeding 98%. The design also ensures robust performance against changes in incident angles and polarization due to its compact profile, rendering it versatile for diverse sensing applications. Experimental validation confirms the sensor's performance, highlighting its efficacy in material detection with a notable frequency shift sensitivity of 500 MHz for permittivity changes from 3 to 18, establishing it as a transformative structure for metamaterial-based microwave sensing technologies. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrates a resolution of 5.01 MHz per percentage increase in soil moisture content, offering a new benchmark in the precision of environmental sensing. This breakthrough in design and functionality establishes the sensor as a pivotal tool in the advancement of metamaterial-based microwave sensing technologies, promising widespread applicability, and impact.

关键词： sensors Metamaterials Absorption Permittivity Magnetic materials Impedance Resonant frequency Inductors Resonance Mathematical models LC-resonator metamaterial absorbers microwave sensing precision sensing applications sensitivity

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