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BIOsensors-BASEL 2024年第8期14卷 361-361页

作者： Wu, Jinjing Lin, Xiaobo Yang, Chengkai Yang, Sirui Liu, Chenning Cao, Yuanyuan Capital Med Univ Sch Publ Hlth Dept Toxicol & Sanitary Chem Beijing 100069 Peoples R China Shenzhen Univ Coll Phys & Optoelect Engn Shenzhen 518060 Peoples R China Capital Med Univ Sch Basic Med Sci Beijing 100069 Peoples R China

Wearable sensors are important components, converting mechanical vibration energy into electrical signals or other forms of output, which are widely used in healthcare, disaster warning, and transportation. However, the reliance on batteries limits the portability of wearable sensors and hinders their application in the field of Internet of Things. To solve this problem, we designed a miniaturized high-performance hybrid nanogenerator (MHP-HNG), which combined the functions of triboelectric sensing and electromagnetic power generation as well as the advantages of miniaturization. By optimizing the design of TENG and EMG, the wearable sensor achieved a voltage output of 14.14 V and a power output of 49 mW. Based on the wireless optical communication and wireless communication technologies, the wearable sensor achieved the integration of sensing, communication, and self-powered function, which is expected to realize health monitoring, emergency warning, and rehabilitation assistance, and further extend the potential application value in the medical field.

关键词： triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator wearable sensor mechanical vibration energy harvesting self-powered health monitoring

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Recent advances in smart wearable sensors for continuous human health monitoring

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TALANTA 2024年 272卷 125817页

作者： Kulkarni, Madhusudan B. Rajagopal, Sivakumar Prieto-Simon, Beatriz Pogue, Brian W. Univ Wisconsin Madison Dept Med Phys Madison WI 53705 USA Vellore Inst Technol Sch Elect Engn Vellore Campus Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu India Univ Rovira i Virgili Dept Elect Engn Tarragona 43007 Spain ICREA Pg Lluis Co 23 Barcelona 08010 Spain

In recent years, the biochemical and biological research areas have shown great interest in a smart wearable sensor because of its increasing prevalence and high potential to monitor human health in a non-invasive manner by continuous screening of biomarkers dispersed throughout the biological analytes, as well as real-time diagnostic tools and time-sensitive information compared to conventional hospital-centered system. These smart wearable sensors offer an innovative option for evaluating and investigating human health by incorporating a portion of recent advances in technology and engineering that can enhance real-time point-of-care-testing capabilities. Smart wearable sensors have emerged progressively with a mixture of multiplexed biosensing, microfluidic sampling, and data acquisition systems incorporated with flexible substrate and bodily attachments for enhanced wearability, portability, and reliability. There is a good chance that smart wearable sensors will be relevant to the early detection and diagnosis of disease management and control. Therefore, pioneering smart wearable sensors into reality seems extremely promising despite possible challenges in this cutting-edge technology for a better future in the healthcare domain. This review presents critical viewpoints on recent developments in wearable sensors in the upcoming smart digital health monitoring in real-time scenarios. In addition, there have been proactive discussions in recent years on materials selection, design optimization, efficient fabrication tools, and data processing units, as well as their continuous monitoring and tracking strategy with system-level integration such as internet-of-things, cyber-physical systems, and machine learning algorithms.

关键词： Smart sensor Wearable electronics Wearable sensor Healthcare Point -of -care -testing (POCT)

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Slot-Track Micro-Ring Assisted Mach-Zender Interferometric Optical Electric Field sensor

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JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY 2024年第19期42卷 6981-6992页

作者： Ke, Kun Yang, Qing Chen, Ning Zhang, Ziyang Zhu, Xueqiong Wang, Zhen Chongqing Univ Sch Elect Engn State Key Lab Power Transmiss & Transformat Equipm Chongqing 400044 Peoples R China State Grid Jiangsu Elect Power Co Ltd Res Inst Nanjing 211103 Peoples R China

Within the framework of "clean, low-carbon, and smart integration," a pivotal element of the global energy Internet digital transformation lies in sensing technology. This paper addresses the enhancement of optical electric field sensors by investigating a technique grounded in the electric-optical energy coupling principle. A physical model is devised for electric field sensors, employing micro-ring-assisted Mach-Zender interferometric (MZI) structures with a slot-track architecture. Subsequently, a simulation method is employed to delineate the influence of the device's major structural parameters on the sensor's performance. Chip-based optical electric field sensors, coated with electro-optic polymer films, are then fabricated. Finally, a test platform is established to conduct an analysis encompassing time-frequency domain characterization and sensitivity of the sensor. The experimental findings demonstrate that the electric field sensor exhibits commendable linear input/output characteristics within an AC electric field ranging from 5.7 kV/m to 148.2 kV/m at industrial frequencies. The sensor achieves a sensitivity of 0.945 mV/(kV/m). Across high, medium, and low-frequency sinusoidal electric fields spanning from 50 Hz to 13.56 MHz, the sensor response exhibits no noteworthy aberrations or delays. The sensor performs adeptly in tracking and responding to strong transient electric fields within the mu s range. Additionally, a comparative analysis with control sensor test results affirms that the slot-track resonant micro-ring structure devised in this paper significantly enhances the sensor's sensitivity and linear dynamic range. The sensor also exhibits good temperature stability in the 0 degrees C to 75 degrees C range. The research outcomes presented herein offer technical support for the multifaceted application of this technology in electric field measurement.

关键词： Electric fields Optical waveguides Electro-optical waveguides Optical interferometry Optical sensors Sensitivity Optical films Electro-optic polymer E-field sensing slot-track type micro-ring assisted MZI

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Transparent TiO2/MoO3 Heterojunction-Based Photovoltaic Self-Powered Triethylamine Gas sensor with IoT-Enabled Smartphone Interface

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ACS sensors 2024年第12期9卷 6592-6604页

作者： Ghuge, Rahul Suresh Madhavanunni Rekha, Sreelakshmi Vikraman, Hajeesh Kumar Velappa Jayaraman, Surya Kiran, Mangalampalli S. R. N. Bhat, S. Venkataprasad Sivalingam, Yuvaraj SRM Inst Sci & Technol Dept Phys & Nanotechnol Lab Sensors Energy & Elect Devices Lab SEED Kattankulathur 603203 Tamil Nadu India SRM Inst Sci & Technol Dept Phys & Nanotechnol Green Energy Mat Lab Kattankulathur 603203 India SRM Inst Sci & Technol Dept Phys & Nanotechnol Nanoindentat Lab Funct Coatings Mat Kattankulathur 603203 Tamil Nadu India Tohoku Univ New Ind Creat Hatchery Ctr NICHe Sendai Miyagi 9808579 Japan SRM Inst Sci & Technol Novel Adv & Appl Mat NAAM Lab Dept Phys & Nanotechnol Kattankulathur 603203 Tamil Nadu India King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol KAUST Comp Elect Math Sci & Engn Div CEMSE Thuwal 239556900 Saudi Arabia

Conventional gas sensors encounter a significant obstacle in terms of power consumption, making them unsuitable for integration with the next generation of smartphones, wireless platforms, and the Internet of Things (IoT). Energy-efficient gas sensors, particularly self-powered gas sensors, can effectively tackle this problem. The researchers are making significant strides in advancing photovoltaic self-powered gas sensors by employing diverse materials and their compositions. Unfortunately, several of these sensors seem complex in fabrication and mainly target oxidizing species detection. To address these issues, we have successfully employed a transparent, cost-efficient solution processed bilayer TiO2/MoO3 heterojunction-based photovoltaic self-powered gas sensor with superior VOC sensing capabilities, marking a significant milestone in this field. The scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) measurement reveals the remarkable change in contact potential difference (-23 mV/kPa) of the TiO2/MoO3 bilayered film after UV light exposure in a triethylamine (TEA) atmosphere, indicating the highest reactivity between TEA molecules and TiO2/MoO3. Under photovoltaic mode, the sensor further demonstrates exceptional sensitivity (similar to 2.35 x 10-3 ppm-1) to TEA compared to other studied VOCs, with an admirable limit of detection (22 ppm) and signal-to-noise ratio (1540). Additionally, the sensor shows the ability to recognize TEA and estimate its composition in a binary mixture of VOCs from a similar class. The strongest affinity of TiO2/MoO3 toward the TEA molecule, the lowest covalent bond energy, and the highest electron-donating nature of TEA may be mainly attributed to the highest adsorption between TiO2/MoO3 and TEA. We further demonstrate the practical applicability of the TEA sensor with a prototype device connected to a smartphone via the IoT, enabling continuous surveillance of TEA.

关键词： photovoltaic self-powered gas sensor TiO2/MoO3 heterojunction scanning Kelvin probe contact potential difference work function triethylamine sensor prototype

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Intelligent sensing technology inspired by cell electrophoresis: Dielectric polarization sensor for monitoring the electrical equipment status of IoT nodes

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NANO ENERGY 2024年 125卷

作者： Xie, Zhijie Zhang, Bo Wang, Yu Yu, Mingyu Ou, Haoran Yu, Di Northeast Forestry Univ Coll Mech & Elect Engn Harbin 150042 Peoples R China

The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) era has led to the emergence of various types of information sensing devices. The operation and maintenance of IoT devices require a large-scale use of sensors at the expense of high energy consumption. In this work, we develop a self-powered voltage monitoring sensor (VSM-S) based on the principle of dielectric polarization, which is inspired by the cell electrophoresis phenomenon. This sensor imitates the structure of biological cells and takes advantage of the easier polarization characteristics of liquid medium with high dielectric constant in an external electric field. It collects electric field energy to achieve self-powering function and can monitor the position and status of the electric field source in real-time through output signals. Experiments show that the designed VSM-S has the characteristics of fast response (10-9-10-15 s), high sensitivity (0.3 nA/V), and wide application range. Furthermore, its integration with monitoring systems enables applications in smart industries, smart homes, and smart grids. This work has considerable development prospects in the fields of wearable sensors and the IoTs.

关键词： Internet of Things Self -powered sensors Dielectric polarization Cell structure

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Development and integration of a Digital Twin Model for a Real Hydroelectric Power Plant

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sensors 2024年第13期24卷 4174页

作者： Ersan, Mustafa Irmak, Erdal Gazi Univ Grad Sch Nat & Appl Sci Dept Elect & Elect Engn TR-06500 Ankara Turkiye Gazi Univ Fac Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn TR-06560 Ankara Turkiye

In this study, a digital twin model of a hydroelectric power plant has been created. Models of the entire power plant have been created and malfunction situations of a sensor located after the inlet valve of the plant have been analyzed using a programmable logic controller (PLC). As a feature of the digital twin (DT), the error prediction and prevention function has been studied specifically for the pressure sensor. The accuracy and reliability of the data obtained from the sensor are compared with the data obtained from the DT model. The comparison results are evaluated and erroneous data are identified. In this way, it is determined whether the malfunction occurring in the system is a real malfunction or a malfunction caused by measurement or connection errors. In the case of sensor failure or measurement-related malfunction, this situation is determined through the digital twin-based control mechanism. In the case of actual failure, the system is stopped, but in the case of measurement or connection errors, since the data are calculated by the DT model, the value in the specified region is known and thus there is no need to stop the system. This prevents production loss in the hydroelectric power plant by ensuring the continuity of the system in case of errors.

关键词： digital twin hydroelectric power plant anomaly detection

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All-Fiber Flexible Electrochemical sensor for Wearable Glucose Monitoring

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sensors 2024年第14期24卷 4580页

作者： Tang, Zeyi Jian, Jinming Guo, Mingxin Liu, Shangjian Ji, Shourui Li, Yilong Liu, Houfang Shao, Tianqi Gao, Jian Yang, Yi Ren, Tianling Tsinghua Univ Sch Integrated Circuit Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Beijing Natl Res Ctr Informat Sci & Technol BNRist Beijing 100084 Peoples R China BOE Hlth Technol Co Ltd Beijing 100016 Peoples R China

Wearable sensors, specifically microneedle sensors based on electrochemical methods, have expanded extensively with recent technological advances. Today's wearable electrochemical sensors present specific challenges: they show significant modulus disparities with skin tissue, implying possible discomfort in vivo, especially over extended wear periods or on sensitive skin areas. The sensors, primarily based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyimide (PI) substrates, might also cause pressure or unease during insertion due to the skin's irregular deformation. To address these constraints, we developed an innovative, wearable, all-fiber-structured electrochemical sensor. Our composite sensor incorporates polyurethane (PU) fibers prepared via electrospinning as electrode substrates to achieve excellent adaptability. Electrospun PU nanofiber films with gold layers shaped via thermal evaporation are used as base electrodes with exemplary conductivity and electrochemical catalytic attributes. To achieve glucose monitoring, gold nanofibers functionalized by gold nanoflakes (AuNFs) and glucose oxidase (GOx) serve as the working electrode, while Pt nanofibers and Ag/AgCl nanofibers serve as the counter and reference electrode. The acrylamide-sodium alginate double-network hydrogel synthesized on electrospun PU fibers serves as the adhesive and substance-transferring layer between the electrodes. The all-fiber electrochemical sensor is assembled layer-by-layer to form a robust structure. Given the stretchability of PU nanofibers coupled with a high specific surface area, the manufactured porous microneedle glucose sensor exhibits enhanced stretchability, superior sensitivity at 31.94 mu A (lg(mM))-1 cm-2, a broad detection range (1-30 mM), and a significantly low detection limit (1 mM, S/N = 3), as well as satisfactory biocompatibility. Therefore, the novel electrochemical microneedle design is well-suited for wearable or even implantable continuous monitoring applicatio

关键词： all-fiber electrospinning electrochemical sensor glucose continuous monitoring

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Intelligent sensors in assistive systems for deaf people: a comprehensive review

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PEERJ COMPUTER SCIENCE 2024年 10卷 e2411-e2411页

作者： Soares, Caio Cesar Sabino Silva, Luis Augusto Fernandes, Anita Gonzalez, Gabriel Villarrubia Leithardt, Valderi R. Q. Parreira, Wemerson Delcio Univ Vale Itajai Polytech Sch Itajai SC Brazil Univ Salamanca Dept Comp Sci Salamanca Spain Inst Univ Lisboa ISCTE IUL ISTAR Lisbon Portugal Pontificia Univ Catolica Campinas Fac Elect Engn Polytech Sch Campinas SP Brazil

This research aims to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) on intelligent sensors and the Internet of Things (IoT) in assistive devices for the deaf and hard of hearing. This study analyzes the current state and promise of intelligent sensors in improving the daily lives of those with hearing impairments, addressing the critical need for improved communication and environmental interaction. We investigate the functionality, integration, and use of sensor technologies in assistive devices, assessing their impact on autonomy and quality of life. The key findings show that many sensor-based applications, including vibration detection, ambient sound recognition, and signal processing, lead to more effective and intuitive user experiences. The study emphasizes the importance of energy efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and user-centric design in developing accessible and sustainable assistive solutions. Moreover, it discusses the challenges and future directions in scaling these technologies for widespread adoption, considering the varying needs and preferences of the end-users. Finally, the study advocates for continual innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration in advancing assistive technologies. It highlights the importance of IoT and intelligent sensors in fostering a more inclusive and empowered environment for the deaf and hardof-hearing people. This review covers studies published between 2011 and 2024, highlighting advances in sensor technologies for assistive systems in this timeframe.

关键词： Smart sensors Internet of Things (IoT) Assistive devices Deaf and hard of hearing Communication enhancement

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Three-Directional Spacer-Knitted Piezoresistant Strain and Pressure sensor for Electronic integration and On-Body Applications

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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023年第47期15卷 55009-55021页

作者： Jiang, Mengqi Hu, Hongci Jin, Chun Lv, Ru Guo, Jiawei Jiang, Shouxiang Bai, Ziqian Southern Univ Sci & Technol Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong Peoples R China Hong Kong Polytech Univ Hung Hom Hong Kong 100782 Peoples R China

The advancement of smart textiles has resulted in significant development in wearable textile sensors and offers novel interfaces to sense physical movements in daily life. Knitting, as a traditional textile fabrication method, is being used in promising ways to realize fully seamless fabrication and unobtrusive sensing in wearable textile applications. However, current flat-knitted sensors can sense strain only in the horizontal plane. This research presents a novel fully machine-knitted spacer piezoresistive sensor structure with a three-directional sensing ability that can detect both the pressure in the vertical direction and the strain in the warp/weft direction. Besides, it can sense the pressure under 1 kPa, which is critical in comfortable on-body interaction, one-piece integration, and wearable applications. Three sizes spacer-knitted sensors are evaluated in terms of their mechanical performance, stability cycles, and reaction to external factors such as sweat, laundering, etc. Then, the effect of material choice on sensor performance is evaluated and the rationale behind the use of different materials is summarized. Specifically, this research presents a detailed evaluation of the applications with both a single sensor and multiple sensor arrays for fine and gross motion sensing in several scenarios. The testing results demonstrate a fully machine-knitted piezoresistive sensor that can detect multidirectional motions (vertical, warp, and weft directions). In addition, this knitted sensor is scalable and can be facilely and seamlessly integrated into any garment piece. This universal knitted sensor structure could be made with a wide variety of materials for high sensitivity for multidirectional strain/pressure sensing, making it a high-compatibility sensor structure for wearable applications.

关键词： knitted sensor piezoresistive sensor strainsensor pressure sensor e-textiles motiondetection

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The alcohol lock built on carbon-based field-effect transistor sensor with Pd/ZnO floating gate structure used for drunk driving surveillance

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sensors AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL 2024年 419卷

作者： Tao, Lu Tang, Pinghua Hu, Jinyong Zhang, Yong Xiangtan Univ Sch Phys & Optoelect Xiangtan 411105 Peoples R China Xiangtan Univ Hunan Inst Adv Sensing & Informat Technol Xiangtan 411105 Peoples R China

The ignition interlock device, an onboard alcohol detection system for supervising cases of driving under the influence (DUI), is crucial for ensuring traffic safety. As a key component of this system, ethanol sensor faces challenges like integration difficulties and poor anti-humidity property, limiting its potential applications. Herein, from the perspective of miniaturization and integration, a carbon-based field effect transistor (FET) gas sensor with a floating-gate (FG) structure is proposed for fast ethanol detection in exhaled breath. The proposed sensing FG structure enables the traditional FET to acquire the perceptibility toward target gas, and the FET with excellent amplification ability further enhances the gas-sensing response. The detection range of the sensor is 0-600 ppm, with a response deviation of merely 11 % toward 50 ppm ethanol within a humidity range of 10 %90 % relative humidity (RH). Additionally, benefited from the good consistency of the semiconductor technology, relative standard deviation (RSD) of the responses from different batches is 2.1 %, confirming its potential for mass production. The tiny size (1.5 mmx1.5 mm) of the sensor and the compatible fabrication process with MEMS process are conducive to the on-chip integration. This work provides a boost to the process of advancing the research and development of automotive alcohol locks, and facilitate their popularization.

关键词： Alcohol lock Carbon-based FET sensor Floating-gate Driving under the influence

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