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A Skin-Inspired Artificial Mechanoreceptor for Tactile Enhancement and integration

ACS NANO 2021年第10期15卷 16422-16431页

作者： Li, Fanfan Wang, Rui Song, Chunyan Zhao, Momo Ren, Huihui Wang, Saisai Liang, Kun Li, Dingwei Ma, Xiaohua Zhu, Bowen Wang, Hong Hao, Yue Xidian Univ Sch Adv Mat & Nanotechnol Key Lab Wide Band Gap Semicond Technol Xian 710071 Peoples R China Westlake Univ Sch Engn Key Lab 3D Micro Nano Fabricat & Characterizat Zh Hangzhou 310024 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Xidian Univ Sch Microelect Key Lab Wide Band Gap Semicond Technol Xian 710071 Peoples R China

Mechanoreceptors endow humans with the sense of touch by translating the external stimuli into coded spikes, inspiring the rise of artificial mechanoreceptor systems. However, to incorporate slow adaptive receptors-like pressure sensors with artificial neurons remains a challenge. Here we demonstrate an artificial mechanoreceptor by rationally integrating a polypyrrole-based resistive pressure sensor with a volatile NbOx memristor, to mimic the tactile sensation and perception in natural skin, respectively. The artificial mechanoreceptor enables the tactile sensory coding by converting the external mechanical stimuli into strength-modulated electrical spikes. Also, tactile sensation enhancement is achieved by processing the spike frequency characteristics with the pulse coupled neural network. Furthermore, the artificial mechanoreceptor can integrate signals from parallel sensor channels and encode them into unified electrical spikes, resembling the coding of intensity in tactile neural processing. These results provide simple and efficient strategies for constructing future bio-inspired electronic systems.

关键词： artificial mechanoreceptor tactile coding resistive pressure sensor volatile memristor tactile enhancement spatial integration

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IoTSAX: A Dynamic Abstractive Entity Summarization Approach With Approximation and Embedding-Based Reasoning Rules in Publish/Subscribe Systems

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IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 2022年第3期9卷 1830-1847页

作者： Pavlopoulou, Niki Curry, Edward Natl Univ Ireland Galway Insight Ctr Data Analyt Galway H91 AEX4 Ireland

Users are interested in entity information and may use paradigms like publish/subscribe systems in Internet of Things (IoT), where entity-centric data comes from multiple sources. The IoT application demands contributed to the data integration and semantic interoperability need while maintaining high usability and low processing system resources usage. Existing approaches dealt with semantic interoperability by using/extending ontologies with strict schemata/semantics and difficult to be updated. Other approaches tackled high usability by providing sensor data abstractions that infer high-level knowledge, but they are either complex for real-time processing or have semantic/syntactic coupling making them nonflexible. Therefore, our key question is: can a dynamic entity summarization system that provides high-level abstractions while ensuring semantic/syntactic decoupling, and low use of processing system resources, be defined? In this article, we address this question by proposing the abstractive publish/subscribe summarization system that provides abstractive summaries of numerical IoT data for user-friendly subscriptions by using IoTSAX, an enhanced symbolic aggregate approximation (SAX) methodology for dynamic IoT environments, and approximate rule-based reasoning by using embedding models. Our results for two use cases, medicine and smart cities, show that although abstraction can be 2 to 3 times slower in latency, it achieves up to 98% reduction in the notifications' number. IoTSAX outperforms SAX in approximation error up to 2 to 3 times more and in compression space-saving percentage when data redundancy occurs, while it has a similar or better latency and throughput performance. Finally, concept hierarchy-based embedding models can achieve F-scores of up to 0.87 for approximate rule-based reasoning.

关键词： sensors Semantics Internet of Things Cognition Interoperability Ontologies sensor systems Abstractive entity summarization approximate reasoning data approximation Internet of Things (IoT) publish subscribe

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Low-Power Transit Time-Based Gas Flow sensor with Accuracy Optimization

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sensors 2022年第24期22卷 9912-9912页

作者： Oya, Jose R. Garcia Rojas, Alejandro Sainz Miguel, Daniel Narbona Carvajal, Ramon Gonzalez Chavero, Fernando Munoz Univ Seville Elect Engn Dept E-41092 Seville Spain

In this paper, a fully designed ultrasonic transit time-based gas flow sensor is presented. The proposed sensor has been optimized in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and power consumption at different design stages: mechanical design of the sensor pipe, piezoelectric transducer configuration and validation over temperature, time of flight detection algorithm, and electronics design. From the optimization and integration of each design part, the final designed gas flow sensor is based on the employment of 200 kHz-piezoelectric transducers mounted in a V-configuration and on the implementation of a cross-correlation algorithm based on the Hilbert Transform for time-of-flight detection purposes. The proposed sensor has been experimentally validated at different flow rates and temperatures, and it fully complies with the accuracy specifications required by the European standard EN14236, placing the proposed design into the state of the art of ultrasonic gas flow sensors regarding cost, accuracy, and power consumption, the latter of which is crucial for implementing smart gas meters that are able to autonomously operate as IoT devices by extending their battery life.

关键词： cross-correlation IoT sensors networks piezoelectric transducers transit time measurement ultrasonic gas flow sensors

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Design and Simulation of a Hybrid Vehicle for Exploration of Risks in Underground Mining

Design and Simulation of a Hybrid Vehicle for Exploration of...

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IEEE International Congress on Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computing (INTERCON)

作者： Bryan E. Vela Noriega Santiago Baldeon Roberto Furukawa Mechatronic Engineering Section Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú Lima Perú

ISBN: (数字)9798350378344

ISBN: (纸本)9798350378351

This work presents the mechanical design and 3D simulation of an unmanned land-air hybrid vehicle capable of performing routine exploration tasks, remotely controlled by an operator. The vehicle is designed to assess the dangers present in underground mining, particularly focusing on the high accident rate associated with exploration projects. Routine inspections require capabilities such as detecting potential hazards, including poor ventilation indicated by low oxygen levels, high radiation levels caused by toxic gases such as radon, and the risk of landslides and collapses within the mine. The mechanical design comprises a terrestrial steering module, ground movement system, flight module, and the integration of these components. For the electronic system, sensors and actuators are selected for navigation in challenging environments and data acquisition. The control system includes a direction control strategy and a flight control loop.

关键词： Resistance Mechanical sensors Optical fiber sensors Three-dimensional displays Navigation Radon Multichip modules Ventilation sensor systems sensor arrays

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Chromaticity sensor for discriminatory identification of aliphatic and aromatic primary amines based on conformational changes of polyacetylene

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TALANTA 2024年第Part1期268卷 125361页

作者： Gu, Yuanyuan Liu, Lijia Wang, Yudan Zhang, Chunhong Satoh, Toshifumi Harbin Engn Univ Coll Mat Sci & Chem Engn Key Lab Superlight Mat & Surface Technol Minist Educ Harbin 150001 Peoples R China Harbin Engn Univ Yantai Res Inst Yantai 264006 Peoples R China Hokkaido Univ Fac Engn Sapporo 0608628 Japan

The design and construction of suitable sensors that can selectively recognize chemically similar substances such as aliphatic and aromatic amines remain challenging. In this work, we reported a poly(phenylacetylene) bearing two aldehyde pendants as the color indicator for discriminative identification of amines. Reversible Schiff-base reaction of the aldehyde group with the amine resulted in a conformational transition of the polyacetylene backbone from cis-cisoid to cis-transoid, which further achieved a colorimetric change. Thirteen aliphatic amines and aromatic amines had been studied. Compared with aromatic amines, aliphatic amines generally caused the polyene backbone to display perceivable colorimetric change. Steric and electronic effect played a significant role in the colorimetric response. In addition, external environment, including amine content, polymer concentration, and temperature, had influence on the sensitivity of this colorimetric indicator system. The aminesinduced colorimetric variation was further demonstrated by the CIELAB color space. Moreover, the colorimetric sensor exhibited excellent reversibility and recyclability.

关键词： poly(phenylacetylene) Conformational transition Chromaticity sensor

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IoT Empowered Open sensor Network for Environmental Air Pollution Monitoring System in Smart Cities 8

IoT Empowered Open Sensor Network for Environmental Air Poll...

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8th International Conference on Information Technology Research, ICITR 2023

作者： Sudantha, Bh Manchanayaka, Malsk Yang, Chan-Yun Premachandra, C. Firdhous, Mfm Sumathipala, Kasn University of Moratuwa Department of Information Technology Sri Lanka National Taipei University Department of Electrical Engineering New Taipei City23741 Taiwan Shibaura Institute of Technology Department of Electronics Engineering Koto-ku Japan University of Moratuwa Department of Computational Mathematics Sri Lanka

ISBN: (纸本)9798350359503

Designing of an IoT-based air pollution monitoring system is a proactive and impactful approach to tackle the critical issue of air pollution and its adverse effects on the environment. Such a system is instrumental in offering real-time air quality data, empowering swift responses when pollution levels exceed acceptable thresholds. The system's design encompasses various hardware components, including carefully chosen air quality sensors, a microcontroller (Arduino Mega 2560), a communication module for the network connectivity, and a sustainable power supply. On the software front, the system involves data collection from sensors, data processing with calibration and conversion to air quality parameters, secure data transmission, storage, analysis, and an alerting mechanism. User interface development facilitates real-time and historical data visualization, while stringent security measures ensure data protection. Scalability, integration, and strategic deployment in key areas further enhance the system's effectiveness. Regular maintenance and updates are vital to ensuring accurate and reliable performance. Overall, implementing an IoT-based air pollution monitoring system is an essential step toward monitoring and addressing air quality concerns in a comprehensive and timely manner, ultimately fostering environmental awareness, and driving pollution mitigation efforts. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Digital storage

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Artificial Intelligence Based Approach for Classification of Human Activities Using MEMS sensors Data

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sensors 2023年第3期23卷 1275-1275页

作者： Khan, Yusuf Ahmed Imaduddin, Syed Singh, Yash Pratap Wajid, Mohd Usman, Mohammed Abbas, Mohamed Aligarh Muslim Univ Dept Elect Engn ZHCET Aligarh 202002 India King Khalid Univ Dept Elect Engn Abha 61411 Saudi Arabia King Khalid Univ Coll Engn Elect Engn Dept Abha 61421 Saudi Arabia Delta Univ Sci & Technol Coll Engn Elect & Commun Dept Gamasa 35712 Egypt

The integration of Micro Electronic Mechanical Systems (MEMS) sensor technology in smartphones has greatly improved the capability for Human Activity Recognition (HAR). By utilizing Machine Learning (ML) techniques and data from these sensors, various human motion activities can be classified. This study performed experiments and compiled a large dataset of nine daily activities, including Laying Down, Stationary, Walking, Brisk Walking, Running, Stairs-Up, Stairs-Down, Squatting, and Cycling. Several ML models, such as Decision Tree Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, K Neighbors Classifier, Multinomial Logistic Regression, Gaussian Naive Bayes, and Support Vector Machine, were trained on sensor data collected from accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer embedded in smartphones and wearable devices. The highest test accuracy of 95% was achieved using the random forest algorithm. Additionally, a custom-built Bidirectional Long-Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) model, a type of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), was proposed and yielded an improved test accuracy of 98.1%. This approach differs from traditional algorithmic-based human activity detection used in current wearable technologies, resulting in improved accuracy.

关键词： Bi-LSTM network classification algorithm deep learning deep neural network human activity recognition machine learning MEMS sensors mobile & wearable devices recurrent neural network

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Identification and Compensation for D-Dot Measurement System in Transient Electromagnetic Pulse Measurement

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sensors 2022年第21期22卷 8538-8538页

作者： Jin, Mengzhe Li, Hao Liu, Shanghe Shijiazhuang Tiedao Univ Hebei Key Lab Electromagnet Environm Effects & In Shijiazhuang 050003 Hebei Peoples R China Army Engn Univ PLA Natl Key Lab Electromagnet Environm Effects Shijiazhuang 050043 Hebei Peoples R China

The measurement of the transient pulsed electromagnetic (EM) field is essential for analyzing electromagnetic compatibility. Due to their good performance, D-dot sensors, combined with numerical integration computation for signal recovery, are commonly used to measure electromagnetic pulses (EMPs). However, the integration approach is occasionally flawed due to a non-ideal frequency response or noise, causing distortions in the reconstructed signal. In order to better understand the dynamic performance of the sensor, a nonlinear Hammerstein model is employed in the system identification for the sensor with the calibration data collected in the laboratory environment. When identifying the linear component based on the ultra-wideband characteristics of the measured transient pulse, a two-step identification approach with two different pulse excitation modes, low frequency and high frequency, is utilized to conduct the modeling across the entire frequency range. Based on the reliable identification and modeling of the D-dot sensor, a compensation system that corresponds to the nonlinear Hammerstein model has been developed for the practical signal recovery of the incident E-field. After compensation, the dynamic characteristics of the sensor are significantly improved, and the system compensation approach outperforms the integration method in signal recovery for the incident E-field.

关键词： transient electromagnetic pulse measurement D-dot sensor system identification Hammerstein nonlinear model system compensation sensor calibration broadband system electromagnetic compatibility

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Development of sensor Emulators for Testing the Safety Mechanisms of sensor Interfaces in Automotive Electronics

Development of Sensor Emulators for Testing the Safety Mecha...

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International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology

作者： Nicolae Ioan Gross Paul Svasta Electronics Telecommunications & Information Technology National University of Sciences and Technologies Politehnica Bucharest Romania

ISBN: (数字)9798350385472

ISBN: (纸本)9798350385489

The test equipment used in automotive industry for evaluating the behavior of electric/electronic (E/E) system includes, in most of the cases, emulators of electrical car environment. The device under test (DUT) is an electronic module (that is, Electronic Control Unit – ECU) whose inputs and outputs are stimulated/loaded with the corresponding input signals from sensors or switches, and proper actuators. The most convenient way to cover all test requirements is to emulate all these inputs and outputs and control the signal parameters using a computerized system. By adding the vehicle simulation data in the control loop, the setup is called Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL). Considering the safety mechanisms implemented in safety critical systems in a vehicle, the test equipment can be adapted to directly address the safety requirements coverage and automatic test report generation, as described in ISO26262 Automotive Safety series of standards. This paper aims the development of sensor emulators, as part of a HiL system, in such a way that simplifies the hardware test setup and covers as much as possible all test cases defined for hardware integration of the DUT.

关键词： Seminars Industries Vehicle safety Control systems Hardware sensor systems sensors

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Structural integration of Smart sensors for the Industrial Internet of Things

Structural Integration of Smart Sensors for the Industrial I...

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MikroSystemTechnik Kongress 2023;Kongress

作者： Volkhard Beyer Dirk Mayer Frank Haiduk Marco Meinig Steffen Wittemeier Volker Geneiss Philipp Meissner Andreas Weder Thomas Werner Wolfram Steller Wolgang Zorn

ISBN: (纸本)9783800762033

Condition monitoring of machine components is an important prerequisite for the implementation of predictive maintenance and other IIoT applications in mechanical engineering. The closer a sensor system can be installed to the location and metric to be measured, the more accurate, less noisy and with lower latency the results will be. Methods and technologies for structural integration are core competences for this purpose. This work briefly summarizes challenges and tools for the structural integration of smart sensor systems. Furthermore, the state of the art of selected commercial products is presented. In this paper the focus is on an IIoT toolbox and its application in the development of a smart ball screw. The proposed sensor system can be easily installed as a retrofit kit in new double-nut ball screws as well as in revised ones.

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