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Flexible Pressure, Humidity, and Temperature sensors for Human Health Monitoring

ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS 2024年第31期13卷 e2401532页

作者： Li, Jiaqi Fang, Zhengping Wei, Dongsong Liu, Yan Jilin Univ Key Lab Bion Engn Minist Educ Changchun 130022 Peoples R China Liaoning Acad Mat Inst Structured & Architected Mat Shenyang 110167 Peoples R China Cent China Normal Univ Coll Chem Wuhan 430079 Hubei Peoples R China

The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, micro-nano manufacturing, and flexible electronics technology have unleashed unprecedented innovation and opportunities for applying flexible sensors in healthcare, wearable devices, and human-computer interaction. The human body's tactile perception involves physical parameters such as pressure, temperature, and humidity, all of which play an essential role in maintaining human health. Inspired by the sensory function of human skin, many bionic sensors have been developed to simulate human skin's perception to various stimuli and are widely applied in health monitoring. Given the urgent requirements for sensing performance and integration of flexible sensors in the field of wearable devices and health monitoring, here is a timely overview of recent advances in pressure, humidity, temperature, and multi-functional sensors for human health monitoring. It covers the fundamental components of flexible sensors and categorizes them based on different response mechanisms, including resistive, capacitive, voltage, and other types. Specifically, the application of these flexible tactile sensors in the area of human health monitoring is highlighted. Based on this, an extended overview of recent advances in dual/triple-mode flexible sensors integrating pressure, humidity, and temperature tactile sensing is presented. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of flexible sensors are discussed.

关键词： bionic sensor health monitoring multi-functional sensor physiological state tactile perception

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Localization Enhancement of Forward-Transmission Distributed Vibration sensors Using Phase Differentiation Endpoint Amplification

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IEEE sensors JOURNAL 2024年第11期24卷 17669-17676页

作者： Kong, W. Liu, F. Zhu, G. Yan, Y. Zhou, X. Univ Sci & Technol Beijing USTB Beijing Engn & Technol Ctr Convergence Networks & Sch Comp & Commun Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China

Forward-transmission fiber-optic distributed vibration sensors have potential use in long-distance sensing and integration with optical communication networks. However, the ability to localize disturbance events with low frequency is fairly inferior to high-frequency events, which hinders the broader application of such distributed vibration sensors. To address this problem, we propose a phase differentiation endpoint-amplification (PDEA) method to optimize the sensor's frequency response for event localization. By differentiating the original extracted phase signal, the proposed method amplifies the amplitude of the endpoints of the disturbance event. Via cross correlation (CC), the endpoint amplitude amplification reduces the localization errors. Experimental results demonstrate that the forward-transmission sensing system using the proposed method maintains a localization accuracy within +/- 51 m across frequencies from 300 Hz to 10 kHz over a 122-km range. In addition, the system's localization capability for low-frequency disturbances occurring at the near end is notably enhanced. The PDEA algorithm significantly improves the wide-frequency response of forward-transmission fiber-optic distributed vibration sensors. The enhanced localization ability will be beneficial when the sensors are applied in scenarios, such as integrated optical sensing and communication (IOSAC).

关键词： sensors Location awareness Optical fiber sensors Optical fiber amplifiers Vibrations Delay effects Perturbation methods Distributed fiber sensor forward transmission long-range sensing phase differentiation time-delay estimation (TDE)

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sensors in Bone: Technologies, Applications, and Future Directions

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sensors 2024年第19期24卷 6172页

作者： Anwar, Afreen Kaur, Taruneet Chaugule, Sachin Yang, Yeon-Suk Mago, Aryan Shim, Jae-Hyuck John, Aijaz Ahmad Worcester Polytech Inst Dept Biol & Biotechnol 100 Inst Rd Worcester MA 01609 USA Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah Univ Dept Biotechnol & Zool Rajouri 185234 India Carleton Univ Fac Engn & Design 125 Colonel Dr Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada Univ Massachusetts Dept Med Div Rheumatol Chan Med Sch Worcester MA 01655 USA Univ Massachusetts Chan Med Sch Horae Gene Therapy Ctr Worcester MA 01655 USA Univ Massachusetts Chan Med Sch Li Weibo Inst Rare Dis Res Worcester MA 01655 USA

Osteoporosis, a prevalent ailment worldwide, compromises bone strength and resilience, particularly afflicting the elderly population. This condition significantly heightens susceptibility to fractures even from trivial incidents, such as minor falls or impacts. A major challenge in diagnosing osteoporosis is the absence of discernible symptoms, allowing osteoporosis to remain undetected until the occurrence of a fracture event. Early symptom detection and swift diagnosis are critical for preventing severe issues related to bone diseases. Assessing bone turnover markers aids in identifying, diagnosing, and monitoring these conditions, guiding treatment decisions. However, conventional techniques for measuring bone mineral density are costly, time-consuming, and require specialized expertise. The integration of sensor technologies into medical practices has transformed how we monitor, diagnose, and treat various health conditions, including bone health and orthopedics. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of sensor technologies used in bone, covering their integration with bone tissue, various applications, recent advancements, challenges, and future directions.

关键词： bone osteoporosis osteoblasts osteoclasts biosensors biomechanical sensors bone biomarkers

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Programmable and Modularized Gas sensor Integrated by 3D Printing

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CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2024年第6期124卷 3608-3643页

作者： Zhou, Shixiang Zhao, Yijing Xun, Yanran Wei, Zhicheng Yang, Yong Yan, Wentao Ding, Jun Natl Univ Singapore Dept Mat Sci & Engn Singapore 117575 Singapore Natl Univ Singapore Dept Mech Engn Singapore 117575 Singapore Natl Univ Singapore Temasek Labs Singapore 117411 Singapore

The rapid advancement of intelligent manufacturing technology has enabled electronic equipment to achieve synergistic design and programmable optimization through computer-aided engineering. Three-dimensional (3D) printing, with the unique characteristics of near-net-shape forming and mold-free fabrication, serves as an effective medium for the materialization of digital designs into usable devices. This methodology is particularly applicable to gas sensors, where performance can be collaboratively optimized by the tailored design of each internal module including composition, microstructure, and architecture. Meanwhile, diverse 3D printing technologies can realize modularized fabrication according to the application requirements. The integration of artificial intelligence software systems further facilitates the output of precise and dependable signals. Simultaneously, the self-learning capabilities of the system also promote programmable optimization for the hardware, fostering continuous improvement of gas sensors for dynamic environments. This review investigates the latest studies on 3D-printed gas sensor devices and relevant components, elucidating the technical features and advantages of different 3D printing processes. A general testing framework for the performance evaluation of customized gas sensors is proposed. Additionally, it highlights the superiority and challenges of programmable and modularized gas sensors, providing a comprehensive reference for material adjustments, structure design, and process modifications for advanced gas sensor devices.

关键词： 3D printing Chemical structure Manufacturing Materials sensors

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Flexible, Visual, and Multifunctional Humidity-Strain sensors Based on Ultra-Stable Perovskite Luminescent Filaments

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ADVANCED FIBER MATERIALS 2025年第3期7卷 762-773页

作者： Li, Xiaofang Liu, Qi Liu, Yunpeng Yang, Liyan Li, Mufang Wang, Bo Li, Yanyan Wang, Yuedan Wang, Tao Wang, Dong Wuhan Text Univ Key Lab Text Fiber & Prod Minist Educ Wuhan 430200 Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Technol Sch Mat Sci & Engn Wuhan 430070 Peoples R China

Flexible multifunctional sensors have attracted much attention in applications such as physiological monitoring, smart clothing, and electronic skin. However, the visual and multifunctional humidity-strain sensors following integration face the challenges of suboptimal sensing performance, inferior durability, mutual interference, and difficulties on large-scale production. Herein, a flexible, visual, and multifunctional humidity-strain sensor based on ultra-stable perovskite luminescent filament (carbon nanotubes/sodium polyacrylate (PAAS)/perovskite/thermoplastic polyurethane (CPPT)) with coaxial structure is first introduced by the environmental-friendly wet-spinning and dip-coating method. The CPPT filaments display homogeneous and bright luminescence under 200% deformations, tunable emission spectrum, wide color gamut, and high stability due to the polymer-encapsulation effect and uniform distribution of perovskite nanocrystals. The carbon nanotubes/PAAS as the outer layer undertakes radial thickness expansion upon moisture exposure. The elastic perovskite/thermoplastic polyurethane as the core bears large deformation during stretching. The CPPT filaments achieve a resistance change of 130% in the relative humidity of 95%, fast response/recovery (3.2/4.0 s), small hysteresis (3.5%), high durability, and weak interference from temperature. Besides, it obtains a Gauge factor of 27.0 at a strain of 95-200%, fast response/recovery (0.2/0.3 s), and negligible interference from temperature. The flexible CPPT filaments not only show great potential in humidity sensing, strain sensing, and information encryption but also open up new opportunities for facile integration into more complex scenarios, such as human physiological activity monitoring with an early hazard warning.

关键词： Perovskite Luminescence Humidity sensor Strain sensor Multifunction

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Top 10 MEMS and sensors

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Electronic Products 2024年第2期66卷 15-16页

作者： Roos, Gina

Over the past year, sensor manufacturers have focused on developing new features that can deliver lower power consumption while shrinking package size and easing implementation into new designs. This is in combination with performance improvements and high integration, depending on the sensor type, to enable advanced features in smart devices, automotive, industrial and medical applications.

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Design and calibration of a novel multiaxis sensor for measuring the wheel-terrain interaction forces of robotic vehicles

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sensor REVIEW 2025年第2期45卷 207-220页

作者： Jia, Lixin Shi, Mujia Shi, Jiantao Wang, Dong Song, Aiguo Su, Chunyi Feng, Lihang Nanjing Tech Univ Coll Elect Engn & Control Sci Nanjing Peoples R China Nanjing Tech Univ Coll Elect & Control Sci Nanjing Peoples R China Southeast Univ Sch Instrument Sci & Engn Nanjing Peoples R China

PurposeThis paper aims to propose a novel wheel-based multiaxis force sensor designed to detect the interaction forces and moments between the planetary rover's wheel and the terrain, thereby assisting the rover in environmental ***/methodology/approachThe authors' design approach encompasses the mechanical structure design, decoupling methods and component integration techniques, effectively incorporating multiaxis sensors into the forward-sensing wheel. This enables high-precision and high-reliability detection of wheel-terrain interaction forces and *** designed wheel-based multiaxis force sensor exhibits a nonlinearity error of 0.45%, a hysteresis error of 0.56% and a repeatability error of 0.49%, meeting the requirements for practical applications. Furthermore, the effectiveness and stability of the designed wheel-based multidimensional force sensor have been validated through hardware-in-the-loop experiments and full-vehicle model ***/valueUnlike previous methods that directly integrate multiaxis sensors into the forward-sensing wheel, the authors have designed the force sensing wheel with consideration of its limited design space and the need for high measurement accuracy. The effectiveness of the designed wheel-based multidimensional force sensor was ultimately validated through static calibration, hardware-in-the-loop experiments and full-vehicle model experiments.

关键词： Forward-sensing wheel Rover traversability Multiaxis force sensor Wheel-terrain interaction Decoupling method

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In Situ Monitoring of Failure Modes in Composite Bolted Joint Structures Using CB/CNT Piezoresistive sensor

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IEEE sensors JOURNAL 2024年第12期24卷 19845-19854页

作者： Liu, Qijian Song, Peiqiang Yan, Jiajia Sun, Maozhi Wang, Kai Wang, Yishou Qing, Xinlin Xiamen Univ Sch Aerosp Engn Xiamen 361005 Peoples R China

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) have been extensively utilized in large composite structures and various advanced engineering applications. Consequently, the bolted joint structure is also applied to connect large composite structures, which must be monitored in real time to ensure structural safety and integrity. In an effort to enhance integration and monitoring sensitivity, this study investigates a novel method utilizing a carbon-based nanocomposite piezoresistive sensor network. The proposed sensor network comprises carbon black (CB) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as conductive fillers embedded within a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) substrate. The conductive and mechanical properties of the CB/CNT piezoresistive sensor are extensively investigated in the study. Moreover, the inclusion of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) as a surfactant in the sensor aims to enhance the dispersion of the conductive fillers. Moreover, a sensor layout strategy for monitoring multiple failure modes of CFRP bolted joint structure has been demonstrated. The results show that different failure modes can be characterized by the resistance signal change of the sensor. The developed sensor network is specifically engineered to monitor multiple failure modes characteristic of CFRP bolted joints. The outcomes demonstrate the exceptional reliability of the proposed sensor in monitoring various failure modes and underscore its considerable potential in structural health monitoring (SHM) applications.

关键词： Composite bolted joints multiple failure modes nanocomposite piezoresistive sensor structural health monitoring (SHM)

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Wearable sensor Systems to Detect Biomarkers of Personality Traits for Healthy Aging: A Review

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IEEE sensors JOURNAL 2024年第17期24卷 27061-27075页

作者： Riaz, Majid Gravina, Raffaele Univ Calabria Dept Informat Modeling Elect & Syst Engn I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende Italy

Wearable sensor systems (WSS) have garnered substantial attention as they showcase their versatility not only in the development of automated healthcare systems and shaping smart cities but also in extending their applications into fields such as personalized fitness monitoring and seamless human-computer interaction. Wearable technologies have evolved into more sophisticated forms, significantly improving their capacity to capture multimodal physiological signals from individuals. The recorded physiological signals, including electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), galvanic skin response (GSR), photoplethysmography (PPG), and electromyogram (EMG), contain significant and compelling information about the health conditions of individuals. This information has the potential to contribute to and enhance longevity and subjective well-being, aspects that remain mostly unexplored to date. This review delves into the contemporary landscape of research, aiming to unravel the multifaceted interplay among personality traits, physiological signals, and biomarkers that collectively contribute to active and healthy aging. Specifically, we focus on sensing methods and techniques to identify particular personality traits and their connection with health outcomes. The review also outlines key studies that involve the physiological parameters used for health control and age-related diseases. The work also highlights the various kinds of physiological signals containing different useful identifiable bioindicators for healthy aging across five personality dimensions. Finally, we address technical challenges observed in wearable sensor systems, encompassing data integration, sample size limitations, and privacy concerns, while also presenting a roadmap for future research directions and opportunities.

关键词： Aging Biomedical monitoring sensors Wearable sensors Diseases Biomarkers sensor phenomena and characterization electrocardiogram (ECG) electroencephalography (EEG) electromyogram (EMG) galvanic skin response (GSR) healthy aging personality traits photoplethysmography (PPG) physiological signals wearable sensors system (WSS)

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Carbon-Nanotube-Based Optical Fiber sensor With Rapid Response for Human Breath Monitoring and Voiceprint Recognition

IEEE SENSORS LETTERS

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IEEE sensors LETTERS 2024年第9期8卷 1-4页

作者： Mohan, Sunil Negi, Manish Singh Indian Inst Technol Guwahati Dept Phys Gauhati 781039 India

This letter describes the development of a simple and novel optical fiber relative humidity (RH) sensor to be used for breath monitoring and voice recognition. The proposed sensor utilizes an intensity modulation phenomenon via evanescent wave (EW) absorption. The optical fiber sensor (OFS) employs a chemically synthesized nanostructured sensing film composed of multiwalled-carbon-nanotube-doped chitosan coated over a 5-cm length of a centrally decladded, straight, and uniform plastic cladding silica (PCS) fiber. A comprehensive experimental investigation is carried out to analyze the response characteristics of the proposed sensor. A linear response over the dynamic range of similar to 70-97% RH with a sensitivity of 0.3041 dB/% RH is observed for the developed sensor. Furthermore, the resolution of the developed RH sensor is observed to be +/- 0.13% RH. An average response and recovery times of 100 and 150 ms are recorded during the humidification and dehumidification process. In addition, the proposed sensor demonstrates a high degree of repeatability, reversibility, and stability. Moreover, the developed sensor has the ability to detect RH fluctuations within exhaled air during both breathing and speaking.

关键词： sensors Optical fiber sensors Optical fibers Humidity sensor phenomena and characterization Monitoring Sensitivity sensor integration evanescent wave (EW) multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) optical fiber sensor (OFS) plastic cladding silica (PCS) fiber relative humidity (RH)

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