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Wireless Antenna sensors for Biosimilar Monitoring Toward Cyber-Physical Systems: A Review of Current Trends and Future Prospects

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IEEE ACCESS 2023年 11卷 132037-132054页

作者： Ul Haq, Muhammad Aziz Rehman, Shafiq Ur Alhulayyil, Hisham Abdulrahman Alzahrani, Taher Abdullah Alsagri, Hatoon S. Faheem, Muhammad SkyLink Antenna & Wireless Commun Res Ctr Peshawar Pakistan Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic Univ IMSIU Coll Comp & Informat Sci Riyadh 11432 Saudi Arabia Univ Vaasa Sch Technol & Innovat Vaasa 65200 Finland

The integration of wireless antenna sensors for cyber-physical systems has become increasingly prevalent in various biosimilar applications due to the escalating need for monitoring techniques that are efficient, accurate, and reliable. The primary objective of this comprehensive investigation is to offer a scholarly examination of the present advancements, challenges, and potentialities in the realm of wireless antenna sensor technology for monitoring biosimilars. Specifically, the focus will be on the current state of the art in wireless antenna sensor design, manufacturing, and implementation along with the discussion of cyber security trends. The advantages of wireless antenna sensors, including increased sensitivity, real-time data gathering, and remote monitoring, will next be discussed in relation to their use in a variety of biosimilar applications. Furthermore, we will explore the challenges of deploying wireless antenna sensors for biosimilar monitoring, such as power consumption, signal integrity, and biocompatibility concerns. To wrap things off, there will be a discussion about where this subject is headed and why collaborative work is essential to advancing wireless antenna sensor technology and its applications in biosimilar monitoring. Providing an in-depth overview of the present landscape and potential developments, this article aims to be an asset for academics and professionals in the fields of antenna sensors, biosimilar development, wireless communication technologies, and cyber physical systems.

关键词： sensors Monitoring Wireless communication Wireless sensor networks Biosensors Antennas Biology Cyber-physical systems wireless antenna sensors biosimilar monitoring real-time data acquisition

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integration of Carbon Nanotubes into Manganese Dioxide Nanorods for Enhanced Enzymeless Electrochemical Glucose Sensing with High Sensitivity and Selectivity

BIOSENSORS-BASEL

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BIOsensors-BASEL 2025年第4期15卷 215-215页

作者： Ahmed, Khawtar Hasan Zuria, Alonso Moreno Mohamedi, Mohamed Inst Natl Rech Sci INRS Energie Mat Telecommun EMT 1650 Blvd Lionel Boulet Varennes PQ J3X 1P7 Canada

Freestanding electrode designs, cost-effective catalysts, and enhanced electrical conductivity are crucial for improving the performance of fourth-generation non-enzymatic glucose electrochemical sensors. These factors enable more efficient, scalable, and durable sensors with better sensitivity, stability, and affordability for real-time glucose monitoring. In this study, we explore a freestanding electrode design combining carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with MnO2 nanorods to enhance charge transfer, increase surface area, and optimize catalytic activity. This CNTs/MnO2 electrode demonstrates exceptional catalytic activity for glucose oxidation, achieving a high sensitivity of 309.73 mu A cm-2 mM-1 within a linear range of 0.5 to 10 mM-well above typical physiological glucose levels (3-8 mM), with a detection limit of 0.19 mM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The electrode also shows excellent durability and remarkable selectivity for glucose over common interferents like ascorbic acid and uric acid, as well as antifouling properties in the presence of KCl. These attributes are essential for accurate glucose detection in complex biological samples. The integration of MnO2 nanorods with CNTs in freestanding nanostructures opens up exciting opportunities for developing high-performance, robust electrochemical sensors for diverse applications.

关键词： manganese oxide nanorods carbon nanotubes hydrothermal non-enzymatic sensor glucose detection interferences detection

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The Deployment Modeling of Low-Cost sensors for Urban Particulate Matter Monitoring: A Case Study for PM2.5 Monitoring in Tehran City

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024年第6期18卷 1-19页

作者： Ghomi, Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Mirzaei Bidhendi, Gholam Reza Nabi Amiri, Mohammad Javad Kudahi, Saeed Nazari Univ Tehran Aras Int Campus Aras Iran Univ Tehran Fac Environm Tehran Iran Niroo Res Inst Environm Res Dept Tehran Iran

Urban air quality management is critically dependent on robust air quality monitoring systems. Conventional systems, utilizing fixed, complex, and costly equipment, encounter challenges in stable data collection, transmission, and accessibility. Recent scholarly reports have highlighted the potential of low-cost sensors as an alternative to these conventional systems. This study endeavors to ascertain the optimal placement of low-cost PM2.5 monitoring sensors in Tehran. The methodology involved a two-step process. Initially, PM2.5 pollution maps of Tehran were generated utilizing data from local air quality monitoring stations and remote sensing data. Owing to its superior accuracy and comprehensive coverage, remote sensing data was employed for determining the optimal sensor placement. Subsequently, the Gaussian process model was utilized to optimize sensor locations. The initial placements were based on a scenario where a 1 x 1 km grid was defined for the initial placement of sensors. This scenario involved dividing the city into equal grids and choosing the center of each grid as the point for placing the sensor. The preliminary sensor placement considered a uniform distribution across Tehran at regular one-kilometer intervals. Following this, the Gaussian process model identified 592 optimal locations for the installation of low-cost PM2.5 monitoring sensors. The study concludes that the strategic deployment of low-cost sensors, guided by the Gaussian process model, can significantly enhance the effectiveness of urban air quality monitoring systems. It is strongly recommended that urban authorities consider the integration of low-cost sensors at the identified locations for more efficient and economical air quality monitoring.

关键词： Gaussian process model Remote sensing data Optimal location-allocation Low-cost sensors for urban PM2.5 monitoring

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Anisotropy in magnetic materials for sensors and actuators in soft robotic systems

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NANOSCALE 2024年第14期16卷 6778-6819页

作者： Kwon, Hyeokju Yang, Yeonhee Kim, Geonsu Gim, Dongyeong Ha, Minjeong Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol GIST Sch Mat Sci & Engn Gwangju 61005 South Korea

The field of soft intelligent robots has rapidly developed, revealing extensive potential of these robots for real-world applications. By mimicking the dexterities of organisms, robots can handle delicate objects, access remote areas, and provide valuable feedback on their interactions with different environments. For autonomous manipulation of soft robots, which exhibit nonlinear behaviors and infinite degrees of freedom in transformation, innovative control systems integrating flexible and highly compliant sensors should be developed. Accordingly, sensor-actuator feedback systems are a key strategy for precisely controlling robotic motions. The introduction of material magnetism into soft robotics offers significant advantages in the remote manipulation of robotic operations, including touch or touchless detection of dynamically changing shapes and positions resulting from the actuations of robots. Notably, the anisotropies in the magnetic nanomaterials facilitate the perception and response with highly selective, directional, and efficient ways used for both sensors and actuators. Accordingly, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the origins of magnetic anisotropy from both intrinsic and extrinsic factors and summarizes diverse magnetic materials with enhanced anisotropy. Recent developments in the design of flexible sensors and soft actuators based on the principle of magnetic anisotropy are outlined, specifically focusing on their applicabilities in soft robotic systems. Finally, this review addresses current challenges in the integration of sensors and actuators into soft robots and offers promising solutions that will enable the advancement of intelligent soft robots capable of efficiently executing complex tasks relevant to our daily lives. Magnetic anisotropy in sensors and actuators enables remote and high-degree-of-freedom manipulation of soft robots, as well as cutting-edge control through sensor-actuator feedback systems.

关键词： Degrees of freedom (mechanics)

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Stretchable and Sweat-Wicking Patch for Skin-Attached Colorimetric Analysis of Sweat Biomarkers

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ACS sensors 2024年第3期9卷 1515-1524页

作者： Sun, Yuping Wang, Jianhui Lu, Qianying Zhang, Jiaxue Li, Yanyan Pang, Yushuang Yang, Cheng Wang, Qian Kong, Desheng Nanjing Univ Coll Engn & Appl Sci State Key Lab Analyt Chem Life Sci Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Jiangsu Key Lab Artificial Funct Mat Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China

Stretchable sweat sensors are promising technology that can acquire biomolecular insights for health and fitness monitoring by intimate integration with the body. However, current sensors often require microfabricated microfluidic channels to control sweat flow during lab-on-body analysis, which makes effective and affordable sweat sampling a significant practical challenge. Here, we present stretchable and sweat-wicking patches that utilize bioinspired smart wettable membranes for the on-demand manipulation of sweat flow. In a scalable process, the membrane is created by stacking hydrophobic elastomer nanofibers onto soft microfoams with predefined two-dimensional superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic patterns. The engineered heterogeneous wettability distribution allows these porous membranes to achieve enhanced extraction and selective collection of sweat in embedded assays. Despite the simplified architecture, the color reactions between sweat and chemical indicators are inhibited from directly contacting the skin to achieve a largely improved operation safety. The sensing patches can simultaneously quantify pH, urea, and calcium in sweat through digital colorimetric analysis with smartphone images. The construction with all compliant materials renders these patches soft and stretchy to achieve conformal attachment to the skin. Successfully analyzing sweat compositions after physical exercises illustrates the practical suitability of these skin-attachable sensors for health tracking and point-of-care diagnosis.

关键词： stretchable sensor sweat sensor colorimetricanalysis wettable smartphone

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Facile integration of single-crystalline phthalocyanine nanowires and nanotrees as photo-enhanced conductometric sensors

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NANOSCALE 2025年第13期17卷 7945-7956页

作者： Filippin, A. Nicolas Campos-Lendinez, Angel Delgado-Alvarez, Juan Moreno-Martinez, Gloria Castillo-Seoane, Javier Rico, Victor J. Godinho, Vanda F. Barranco, Angel Sanchez-Valencia, Juan R. Borras, Ana Mat Sci Inst Seville CSIC US Nanotechnol Surfaces & Plasma Lab Americo Vespucio 49 Seville 41092 Spain

This article presents a reproducible and affordable methodology for fabricating organic nanowires (ONWs) and nanotrees (ONTs) as light-enhanced conductometric O2 sensors. This protocol is based on a solventless procedure for the formation of high-density arrays of nanowires and nanotrees on interdigitated electrodes. The synthesis combines physical vapour deposition for the self-assembled growth of free-phthalocyanine nanowires and soft plasma etching to prompt the nucleation sites on the as-grown ONWs to allow for the formation of nanotrees. Electrical conductivity in such low-dimensional electrodes was analysed in the context of density, length, and interconnection between nanowires and nanotrees. Furthermore, the electrodes were immersed in water to improve the nanowires' connectivity. The response of the nanotrees as conductometric O2 sensors was tested at different temperatures (from room temperature to 100 degrees C), demonstrating that the higher surface area exposed by the nanotrees, in comparison with that of their polycrystalline thin film counterparts, effectively enhances the doping effect of oxygen and increases the response of the ONT-based sensor. Both organic nanowires and nanotrees were used as model systems to study the augmented response of the sensors provided by illumination with white or monochromatic light to organic semiconducting systems. Interestingly, the otherwise negligible sensor response at room temperature can be activated (On/Off) under LED illumination, and no dependency on the illumination wavelength in the visible range was observed. Thus, under low-power LED illumination with white light, we show a response to O2 of 16% and 37% in resistivity for organic nanotrees at room temperature and 100 degrees C, respectively. These results open the path to developing room temperature long-lasting gas sensors based on one- and three-dimensional single-crystalline small-molecule nanowires.

关键词： Plasma etching

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Printed magnetoresistive sensors for recyclable magnetoelectronics

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A 2024年第37期12卷 24906-24915页

作者： Wang, Xiaotao Guo, Lin Bezsmertna, Olha Wu, Yuhan Makarov, Denys Xu, Rui Helmholtz Zent Dresden Rossendorf e V Inst Ion Beam Phys & Mat Res Bautzner Landstr 400 D-01328 Dresden Germany Shenyang Univ Technol Sch Environm & Chem Engn Shenyang Peoples R China

We have developed an innovative recyclable printed magnetoresistive sensor using GMR microflakes and AMR microparticles as functional fillers, with PECH as the elastomer binder. Under saturation magnetic fields of 100 mT and 30 mT, these sensors respectively exhibit magnetoresistance values of 4.7% and 0.45%. The excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability of the PECH elastomer binder endow these sensors with outstanding flexibility and temperature stability. This flexibility, low cost, and scalability make these sensors highly suitable for integration into flexible electronic devices, such as smart security systems and home automation. Moreover, these sensors are fully recyclable and reusable, allowing the materials to be separated, reused, and remanufactured without loss of performance. The low energy consumption of the production process and the recyclability of the materials significantly reduce the environmental impact of these magnetic field sensors. We validate the concept of fully recyclable printed magnetoelectronics, which not only enables low-cost high-throughput fabrication of magnetic sensors, but also importantly reduces the environmental burden related to electronic wastes.

关键词： Magnetoresistance

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Monolithic sensor integration in CMOS Technologies

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IEEE sensors JOURNAL 2023年第2期23卷 1479-1496页

作者： Fernandez, Daniel Michalik, Piotr Valle, Juan Banerji, Saoni Sanchez-Chiva, Josep Maria Madrenas, Jordi Wiyo Technol Alcobendas 28109 Spain Univ Politecn Cataluna Dept Elect Engn Barcelona 08034 Spain Univ Tartu Inst Technol Intelligent Mat & Syst Lab IMS Lab EE-50411 Tartu Estonia

Besides being mainstream for mixed-signal electronics, CMOS technology can be used to integrate micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) on a single die, taking advantage of the structures and materials available in feature sizes around 180 nm. In this article, we demonstrate that the CMOS back-end-of-line (BEOL) layers can be postprocessed and be opportunistically used to create several kinds of MEMS sensors exhibiting good or even excellent performance, such as accelerometers, pressure sensors, and magnetometers. Despite the limitations of the available mechanical and material properties in CMOS technology, due to monolithic integration, these are compensated by the significant reduction of parasitics and system size. Furthermore, this work opens the path to create monolithic integrated multisensor (and even actuator) chips, including data fusion and intelligent processing.

关键词： CMOS sensors CMOS-micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) micromachining monolithic integration system-on-chip (SoC)

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Enhancing Energy Efficiency of sensors and Communication Devices in Opportunistic Networks Through Human Mobility Interaction Prediction

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sensors 2025年第5期25卷 1414-1414页

作者： Memon, Ambreen Islam, Sardar M. N. Ali, Muhammad Nadeem Kim, Byung-Seo Torrens Univ Informat Technol Dept Melbourne Vic 3000 Australia Victoria Univ Inst Sustainable Ind & Liveable Cities ISILC Melbourne Vic 3000 Australia Hongik Univ Dept Software & Commun Engn Sejong 30016 South Korea

The proliferation of smart devices such as sensors and communication devices has necessitated the development of networks that can adopt device-to-device communication for delay-tolerant data transfer and energy efficiency. Therefore, there is a need to develop opportunistic networks to enhance energy efficiency through improved data routing. A sensor device equipped with computing, communication, and mobility capabilities can opportunistically transfer data to another device, either as a direct recipient or as an intermediary forwarding data to a third device. Routing algorithms designed for such opportunistic networks aim to increase the probability of successful message transmission by leveraging area information derived from historical data to forecast potential encounters. However, accurately determining the precise locations of mobile devices remains highly challenging and necessitates a robust prediction mechanism to provide reliable insights into mobility encounters. In this study, we propose incorporating a random forest regressor (RFR) to predict the future location of mobile users, thereby enhancing message routing efficiency. The RFR utilizes mobility traces from diverse users and is equipped with sensors for computing and communication purposes. These predictions improve message routing performance and reduce energy and bandwidth resource utilization during routine data transmissions. To evaluate the proposed approach, we compared the predictive performance of the RFR against existing benchmark schemes, including the Gaussian process, using real-world mobility data traces. The mobility traces from the University of Southern California (USC) were employed to underpin the simulations. Our findings demonstrate that the RFR significantly outperformed both the Gaussian process and existing methods in predicting mobility encounters. Furthermore, the integration of mobility predictions into device-to-device (D2D) communication and traditional internet networks

关键词： sensor communications mobility encounter similarity analysis mobility device-to-device communications random forest regressor opportunistic connectivity

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Chemiresistive sensor Array with Nanostructured Interfaces for Detection of Human Breaths with Simulated Lung Cancer Breath VOCs

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ACS sensors 2023年第3期8卷 1328-1338页

作者： Shang, Guojun Dinh, Dong Mercer, Tara Yan, Shan Wang, Shan Malaei, Behnaz Luo, Jin Lu, Susan Zhong, Chuan-Jian SUNY Binghamton Dept Chem Binghamton NY 13902 USA SUNY Binghamton Syst Sci & Ind Engn Binghamton NY 13902 USA SUNY Binghamton Dept Chem & Syst Sci & Ind Engn Binghamton NY 13902 USA

Timely screening of lung cancer represents a challenging task for early diagnosis and treatment, which calls for reliable, low-cost, and noninvasive detection tools. One type of promising tools for early-stage cancer detection is breath analyzers or sensors that detect breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as biomarkers in exhaled breaths. However, a major challenge is the lack of effective integration of the different sensor system components toward the desired portability, sensitivity, selectivity, and durability for many of the current breath sensors. In this report, we demonstrate herein a portable and wireless breath sensor testing system integrated with sensor electronics, breath sampling, data processing, and sensor arrays derived from nanoparticle-structured chemiresistive sensing interfaces for detection of VOCs relevant to lung cancer biomarkers in human breaths. In addition to showing the sensor viability for the targeted application by theoretical simulations of chemiresistive sensor array responses to the simulated VOCs in human breaths, the sensor system was tested experimentally with different combinations of VOCs and human breath samples spiked with lung cancer-specific VOCs. The sensor array exhibits high sensitivity to lung cancer VOC biomarkers and mixtures, with a limit of detection as low as 6 ppb. The results from testing the sensor array system in detecting breath samples with simulated lung cancer VOC constituents have demonstrated an excellent recognition rate in discriminating healthy human breath samples and those with lung cancer VOCs. The recognition statistics were analyzed, showing the potential viability and optimization toward achieving the desired sensitivity, selectivity, and accuracy in the breath screening of lung cancer.

关键词： breath sensor system volatile organic compounds nanostructured film chemiresistor array sensor responses lung cancer detection

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