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Programmable and Scalable Embroidery Textile Resistive Pressure sensors for Integrated Multifunctional Smart Wearable Systems

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ADVANCED FIBER MATERIALS 2025年第2期7卷 574-586页

作者： Yang, Yiduo Chen, Yu Liu, Yang Yin, Rong North Carolina State Univ Wilson Coll Text Text Engn Chem & Sci Raleigh NC 27695 USA

Conformable and breathable textile structures are ideal for flexible wearable pressure sensors, yet challenges remain in scalable fabrication, easy integration, and programmability. This study presents a cost-effective and customizable method to create fully textile-based pressure sensors using machine embroidery, enabling seamless integration into smart wearable systems. Two sensing configurations were developed: a single-layer satin block embroidered with conductive yarn, which exhibited high piezoresistivity, fast response (35 ms), quick recovery (16 ms), and robust durability over 5000 press-and-release cycles, proven effective for monitoring activities such as plantar pressure and muscle contraction, and making it suitable for personalized health and fitness applications. The second configuration, a double-layer embroidery sensor with a conductive path and two parallel spacers anchored beneath a satin block, allows for array integration with minimal wiring, demonstrated by a 3 x 3 sensing array that, with the help of a convolutional neural network (CNN) machine learning model, accurately recognized handwritten numbers (0-9) with a 98.5% accuracy, showing its potential for user authentication and secure passcode entry. These findings underscore the potential of machine embroidery for developing scalable, integrated, and high-performance intelligent textile systems, paving the way for wearable technologies that are customizable, comfortable, and aesthetically appealing for a wide range of applications.

关键词： Smart textiles Human augmentation Health monitoring Interactive control User verification Machine learning

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A Quantum-Dot-Coated Image sensor With a Wide-Spectral Sensitivity From X-rays to SWIR Photons

IEEE SENSORS LETTERS

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IEEE sensors LETTERS 2024年第8期8卷 1页

作者： Zhang, Chun-Min Quaglia, Riccardo Shulga, Artem Goossens, Vincent Cruz, Paula Blanca Ruedi, Pierre-Francois Ctr Suisse Elect & Microtech CSEM SA Integrated & Wireless Syst Dept CH-2002 Neuchatel NE Switzerland QDI Syst NL-9727 DL Groningen Netherlands

Silicon-based complementary metal-oxide semiconductor(CMOS) image sensors dominate a range of application areas but are intrinsically limited to the visible spectrum. For invisible light detection,monolithic integration of a thin-film photon absorber on a CMOS read out chip has been a promising solution. CMOS processes arefavorable for a high pixel resolution, low power consumption, andcomplex readout electronics. Lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dots (QDs) offer low-cost synthesis, widely tunablelight absorption, and high material compatibility. To benefit both sets of features, we have designed a thin-film image sensor by directly processing an absorber stack with a 120-mu m PbS-QD layer on our in-house CMOS readout *** results prove its potential use in three wavelength ranges (i.e., X-ray, visible, and short-wave infrared)for various applications. To our knowledge, this is the first image sensor using PbS QDs on silicon readout to directly convert X-rays into electrical signals and yet remaining sensitive at a wavelength up to 1.3 mu m

关键词： X-ray imaging sensors Lead Imaging Photonics Electrodes Silicon Optical sensors CMOS processes colloidal quantum dots (QDs) composite defects dental imaging direct conversion lead sulfide (PbS) medical diagnosis monolithic integration nondestructive testing NDT PbS QDs short-wave infrared (SWIR) silicon readout wide-spectral imaging X-ray

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A Modular Miniature 6-D Force sensor Designed for Minimally Invasive Surgery

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT 2024年 73卷

作者： Pan, Qiqi Luo, Jingjing Chen, Li Xue, Haodan Wang, Hongbo Fudan Univ Acad Engn & Technol Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Shanghai Intelligent Robot Engn Technol Res Ctr Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Minist Educ Intelligent Robot Engn Res Ctr Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Shanghai Clin Res Ctr Aging & Med Shanghai 200040 Peoples R China

Force sensing is important in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (MIS), but it is still difficult to achieve both miniaturization and multidimensional perception at the same time. A modular design scheme of a miniature 6-D force sensor that can be integrated into an MIS robot is proposed. The force and moment applied on the sensor are converted into the signal response of the pressure-sensitive element, and the position of the pressure-sensitive element is located using flexible printed circuit board (FPCB), with which the wiring of signal circuits is simplified. The blind signal separation fast independent component analysis (FastICA) algorithm is used to decouple the output signal. The calibration experiment of the proposed sensor was carried out, and the calibration matrix was established. From the comparative experiment with commercial sensors, the accuracy, linearity, hysteresis, coupling error, and other performance of the proposed sensor are verified. The maximum coupling error is 2.8%, and the maximum stable measuring error is 3.9%. Analysis and experiments proved the rationality and scientificity of the sensor. This work opens up new ideas for the miniaturization, modularization, and integration of sensors for surgical robots.

关键词： 6-D force sensor decoupling algorithm miniature sensor 6-D force sensor decoupling algorithm miniature sensor

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Phenylalanine: Amino Acid Metal Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Voltammetric sensors

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JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024年第9期171卷 096511-096511页

作者： Yildiz, D. E. Tasaltin, N. Karakus, S. Gursu, G. Baytemir, G. Kose, D. A. Hitit Univ Dept Phys Corum Turkiye Maltepe Univ Environm & Energy Technol Res Ctr Istanbul Turkiye Maltepe Univ Dept Basic Sci Istanbul Turkiye Maltepe Univ Dept Renewable Energy Tech & Management Istanbul Turkiye Istanbul Univ Cerrahpasa Fac Engn Dept Chem Analyt Chem Sect 34320 Istanbul Turkiye Hlth Biotechnol Joint Res & Applicat Ctr Excellenc TR-34220 Esenler Istanbul Turkiye Maltepe Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Istanbul Turkiye Hitit Univ Dept Chem Corum Turkiye

This study presents a comparative analysis of non-enzymatic electrochemical voltammetric sensors, utilizing phenylalanine amino acid metal complexes (M: Ni, Zn, and Co) Polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites (NCs). The PANI: Zn(Phala)2 NCs-based sensor detected dopamine (DA) with a sensitivity of 101.18 mu A mu M-1 cm(-2). The limit of detection (LOD) for the PANI: Zn(Phala)(2) NCs-based sensor was calculated as 0.391 mu M. This exceptional sensitivity makes the PANI: Zn(Phala)(2) NCs-based sensor highly promising for potential integration into biomedical test kits. To gain deeper insights into the structural properties of the PANI NCs, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), artificial-intelligence-based SEM, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed for characterization. FTIR characterization provided insights into the functional groups of the NCs. The results of this comparative investigation a significant advancement in the field of PANI-based electrochemical sensors designed for DA sensing. The PANI: Zn(Phala)(2) NCs-based sensor show great promise for a range of advanced sensing applications. The Z value of the PANI: Zn(Phala)(2) NCs-based sensor is the lowest among the tested materials, indicating that the conductivity of the PANI: Zn(Phala)(2) layer is higher than that of other active layers. Consequently, the PANI: Zn(Phala)(2) NCs-based sensor achieved higher sensitivity in DA detection. (c) 2024 The Electrochemical Society ("ECS"). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.

关键词： nanocomposite sensors dopamine polyaniline Ni(Phala)(2) Zn(Phala)(2) Co(Phala)(2)

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High-Performance Flexible Piezoresistive sensor with Egg-Carton-Like Surface Microstructure for Health Monitoring

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ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2025年第7期7卷 3067-3075页

作者： Yu, Chenghang Lv, Fu Liu, Bing Hong, Zijian Wu, Yongjun Li, Juan Huang, Yuhui Zhejiang Univ Inst Fundamental & Transdisciplinary Res Cyrus Tang Ctr Sensor Mat & Applicat Innovat Ctr Yangtze DeltaSch Mat Sci & Engn Hangzhou 310058 Zhejiang Peoples R China Nanhu Brain Comp Interface Inst Hangzhou 311100 Zhejiang Peoples R China Hangzhou Dianzi Univ Coll Elect Informat & Engn Hangzhou 310018 Zhejiang Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Zhejiang Key Lab Adv Solid State Energy Storage Te Taizhou Inst Taizhou 318000 Peoples R China HangZhou City Univ Sch Engn Hangzhou 310015 Zhejiang Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Technol Coll Mat Sci & Engn Hangzhou 310014 Zhejiang Peoples R China

Flexible pressure sensors play a crucial role in the advancement of next-generation health-monitoring devices and intelligent human-machine interfaces. Enhancing sensor performance through the integration of engineered microstructures into the active layer has shown great potential. However, traditional methods for fabricating microstructures often face challenges, such as high costs, low throughput, and complex fabrication processes. This study presents a scalable and cost-effective technique that employs a modulated corona field to create egg-carton-like microstructures in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) film, which can be applied in piezoresistive sensors. The piezoresistive pressure sensor utilizing a micropatterned PDMS film demonstrates an exceptional sensitivity of 73.37 kPa-1 within a pressure range of 0-65 kPa. This advanced sensor is capable of monitoring human physiological and motion signals as well as being used in human-machine interfaces. Our findings offer a promising pathway for the development of highly sensitive sensors via modulated corona field techniques, with broad applications in healthcare monitoring and human-machine interaction systems.

关键词： piezoresistive sensor flexible pressure sensing engineered microstructures modulated corona field wearable health monitoring

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Calligraphic interdigitated capacitive sensors for green electronics

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2024年第1期14卷 1-10页

作者： Thakur, Abhay Singh Srivatava, Vinit Park, Hyeong Kwang Benno Kebaili, Imen Boukhris, Imed Joo, Yun Hwan Sung, Tae Hyun Kumar, Anuruddh Vaish, Rahul Indian Inst Technol Mandi Mandi 175005 Himachal Prades India Hanyang Univ Dept Elect Engn Seoul 04763 South Korea King Khalid Univ Fac Sci Dept Phys POB 9004 Abha Saudi Arabia Hanyang Univ Ctr Creat Convergence Educ Seoul 04763 South Korea

This study presents a novel approach to fabricating interdigitated capacitive (IDC) touch sensors using graphite-based pencils on a wood substrate. The sensors were designed to detect touches and pressure variations, offering a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution for sensor fabrication. The fabrication process involved abrasion of graphite pencils on a wooden substrate to create conductive traces, followed by the integration of interdigitated electrode structures. Capacitance variations resulting from touch interactions were investigated to calibrate sensor responses for tailored tasks. The sensitivity of the sensor was found to be 1.2 pF/kPa, highlighting its responsiveness to pressure variations. Additionally, the sensors were interfaced with an Arduino Uno microcontroller board to demonstrate practical applications, such as replicating arrow key functionality. Additionally, the sensors exhibit sensitivity to environmental factors, with the relative change in capacitance increasing from 0.1 to 0.65 as relative humidity ranges from 30 to 90%. Furthermore, variations in temperature from 30 to 60 degrees C result in a relative change in capacitance increasing to approximately 0.5. The results indicate the feasibility and versatility of using wood-based substrates and graphite-based pencils for fabricating IDC touch sensors, offering promising prospects for sustainable and accessible sensor technology.

关键词： Pencil Wood Interdigitated capacitive sensor Arrow key functionality

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A review on monolithic 3D integration:From bulk semiconductors to low-dimensional materials

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Nano Research 2025年第3期18卷 581-604页

作者： Ziying Hu Hongtao Li Mingdi Zhang Zeming Jin Jixiang Li Wenku Fu Yunyun Dai Yuan Huang Xia Liu Yeliang Wang School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and DevicesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Monolithic three-dimensional(M3D)integration represents a transformative approach in semiconductor technology,enabling the vertical integration of diverse functionalities within a single *** review explores the evolution of M3D integration from traditional bulk semiconductors to low-dimensional materials like two-dimensioanl(2D)transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)and carbon nanotubes(CNTs).Key applications include logic circuits,static random access memory(SRAM),resistive random access memory(RRAM),sensors,optoelectronics,and artificial intelligence(AI)processing.M3D integration enhances device performance by reducing footprint,improving power efficiency,and alleviating the von Neumann *** integration of 2D materials in M3D structures demonstrates significant advancements in terms of scalability,energy efficiency,and functional *** in manufacturing and scaling are discussed,along with prospects for future research ***,the M3D integration with low-dimensional materials presents a promising pathway for the development of next-generation electronic devices and systems.

关键词： monolithic three-dimensional(M3D)integration two-dimensional(2D)material logic circuit static random access memory(SRAM) resistive random access memory(RRAM) sensor optoelectronics artificial intelligence

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Incorporating Machine Learning Strategies to Smart Gloves Enabled by Dual-Network Hydrogels for Multitask Control and User Identification

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ACS sensors 2024年第4期9卷 1886-1895页

作者： Liu, Jianwen Qiu, Zhicheng Kan, Hao Guan, Tao Zhou, Changyang Qian, Kai Wang, Cong Li, Yang Univ Jinan Sch Informat Sci & Engn Shandong Prov Key Lab Network Based Intelligent Co Jinan 250022 Peoples R China Sansan Intelligence Technol Rizhao Co LTD Rizhao 276800 Peoples R China Shandong Univ Sch Integrated Circuits Jinan 250101 Peoples R China Harbin Inst Technol Sch Elect & Informat Engn Harbin 150001 Peoples R China

Smart gloves are often used in human-computer interaction scenarios due to their portability and ease of integration. However, their application in the field of information security has been less studied. Herein, we propose a smart glove using an iontronic capacitive sensor with significant pressure-sensing performance. Besides, an operator interface has been developed to match the smart glove, which is capable of multitasking integration of mouse movement, music playback, game control, and message typing in Internet chat rooms by capturing and encoding finger-tapping movements. In addition, by integrating machine learning, we can mine the characteristics of individual behavioral habits contained in the sensor signals and, based on this, achieve a deep binding of the user to the smart glove. The proposed smart glove can greatly facilitate people's lives, as well as explore a new strategy in research on the application of smart gloves in data security.

关键词： smart glove hydrogel pressuresensing multitask integration machine learning

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Techniques for measuring comparable lab and field modulation transfer functions

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OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2024年第10期63卷

作者： Rubis, Jordan Leslie, Patrick Meier, Jeffrey Jacobs, Eddie Driggers, Ronald Univ Arizona Wyant Coll Opt Sci Infrared Syst Grp Tucson AZ 85721 USA US Army Redstone Test Ctr Redstone Arsenal AL USA Univ Memphis Elect Engn Memphis TN USA

Modulation transfer functions (MTFs) describe how a sensor system transfers spatial frequencies of a scene through an imaging system. For infrared systems, lab measurements are performed in a laboratory setting with a collimated source and a tilted edge target. This method is the standard way to measure a sensor's performance metric. When these sensors are used for practical applications in the field, factors such as focus, atmospheric turbulence, and path radiance limit the performance of the system. These environmentally induced blurs need to be considered when designing sensor systems to ensure the required performance is met. The effects of these factors on the sensor's performance can be quantified by measuring an MTF while in the field. By matching laboratory and static field MTFs, the effects of other blurs can be isolated, such as platform dynamics, vibration, and atmospheric turbulence, which will affect the performance of the system. To obtain a field MTF that matches one measured in the laboratory, the variable field conditions need to be well controlled. The effects of MTF target nonuniformity, tilt angle, illumination spectra, integration time, dynamic range, and number of pixels on target were explored as possible environmental factors affecting the quality of field MTF measurements.

关键词： infrared sensors performance modeling sensor performance modulation transfer function

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Highly-sensitive photoacoustic gas sensor with dual resonant modalities for simultaneous NO and NO2 detection

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sensors AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL 2025年 434卷

作者： Feng, Zhiyu Sima, Chaotan Li, Tailin Wang, Wenzhe Pan, Yufeng Wang, Lihua Ming, Zhiwen Lu, Ping Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Natl Engn Lab Next Generat Internet Access Syst Sch Opt & Elect Informat Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Opt Valley Lab Wuhan 430074 Hubei Peoples R China Henan Zhongfen Instrument Co Ltd Shangqiu 476006 Peoples R China Wuhan Yusheng Optoelect Co Ltd Wuhan 430072 Peoples R China

Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) gas sensors based on acoustic resonators have high detection sensitivity and are widely used for trace gas detection. However, there are challenges such as difficult time/frequency separation, low signal-to-noise ratio of higher-order modes, and high sample consumption in multi-gas detection. Here, we present a dual-modality PAS (DM-PAS) gas sensor for simultaneous detection of NOx. The sensor incorporates two integrating spheres and a cylindrical tube to excite both Helmholtz and longitudinal resonances within a single cell. LED and QCL light sources are modulated to generate PA signals originated from the dual resonant modalities, which are detected by the array of MEMS microphones. Allan deviation analysis shows a minimum detection limit (MDL) of 61.5 ppb for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and 2.0 ppb for nitric oxide (NO) at over 450 s integration time. Furthermore, experimental results demonstrate the favorable repeatability and response performance of this sensor. The proposed sensor configuration provides a novel approach to realize the simultaneous detection of multiple gases.

关键词： Photoacoustic gas sensor Acoustic resonator Bimodal excitation Dual-gas sensing Nitrogen oxides

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