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Design and integration of Organic Printed Thin-Film Transistor-Based Soft Biosensors for Wearable Applications

ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2024年第11期6卷 7657-7678页

作者： Baek, Sanghoon Jo, Youngmin Lee, Yongwoo Kwon, Jimin Jung, Sungjune Samsung Elect Semicond R&D Ctr Hwaseong Si 18488 Gyeonggi Do South Korea Korea Res Inst Chem Technol Thin Film Mat Res Ctr Daejeon 34114 South Korea Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn Ulsan 44919 South Korea Pohang Univ Sci & Technol Dept Mat Sci & Engn Pohang 37673 South Korea

Soft sensors that emulate the modulus of human skin have shown significant potential for wearable sensing applications by ensuring robust, conformal contact that enables the acquisition of high-quality signals. Organic thin-film transistor (TFT)-based pixelated soft sensor arrays have been crucial for advanced spatiotemporal signal measurements, thanks to their active-matrix configuration, which minimizes signal crosstalk. Despite these advancements, challenges such as limited sensitivity, high power consumption, and the need for cost-effective, large-area integration technologies persist, hindering their practical application. This paper explores strategies for developing high-performance TFT-based soft sensing arrays. We begin by discussing the design principles for organic TFT-based sensors, offering strategies to enhance sensitivity while reducing power consumption, with a focus on the underlying device physics. We also introduce a method for ultrathin, large-area, high-performance TFT integration using systematic inkjet printing technology. To demonstrate the practical applications of our approach, we present high-performance spatiotemporal measurements of arterial pulse waves using active-matrix pressure and optical sensing arrays. The low-power, high-sensitivity, and large-area integration strategies discussed in this paper are expected to significantly advance organic TFT-based sensors, paving the way for their practical application in healthcare, wearable technology, and environmental monitoring.

关键词： flexible electronics wearablesensors thin-filmtransistors organic semiconductors conjugatedpolymers inkjet printing active-matrix

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Ultrasonic Beamforming-Based Visual Localisation of Minor and Multiple Gas Leaks Using a Microelectromechanical System (MEMS) Microphone Array

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sensors 2025年第10期25卷 3190-3190页

作者： Wang, Tao Ji, Jiawen Lan, Jianglong Wang, Bo Beijing Inst Technol Sch Automat 5 South Zhongguancun St Beijing 100081 Peoples R China

Highlights What are the main findings? A universal, non-contact ultrasonic imaging method was developed for real-time gas leak detection and localisation in pressure vessels, pipelines, valves, and connectors. The proposed system achieved high-precision localisation (0.68 cm error at 1 m) and detected minor leaks as small as 24 mL/min while distinguishing multiple leak sources. What is the implication of the main finding? The method enhances industrial and environmental safety by providing an effective, scalable solution for detecting and visualising gas leaks. Its integration into embedded systems enables real-time monitoring, supporting predictive maintenance and reducing the risk of hazardous incidentsHighlights What are the main findings? A universal, non-contact ultrasonic imaging method was developed for real-time gas leak detection and localisation in pressure vessels, pipelines, valves, and connectors. The proposed system achieved high-precision localisation (0.68 cm error at 1 m) and detected minor leaks as small as 24 mL/min while distinguishing multiple leak sources. What is the implication of the main finding? The method enhances industrial and environmental safety by providing an effective, scalable solution for detecting and visualising gas leaks. Its integration into embedded systems enables real-time monitoring, supporting predictive maintenance and reducing the risk of hazardous incidentsAbstract The development of a universal method for real-time gas leak localisation imaging is crucial for preventing substantial financial losses and hazardous incidents. To achieve this objective, this study integrates array signal processing and electronic techniques to construct an ultrasonic sensor array for gas leak detection and localisation. A digital microelectromechanical system microphone array is used to capture spatial ultrasonic information. By processing the array signals using beamforming algorithms, an acoustic spatial power spectrum is obtained, whi

关键词： gas leak localisation imaging ultrasonic sensor array beamforming

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Aeromagnetic gradiometry with UAV, a case study on small iron ore deposit

DRONE SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS

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DRONE SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS 2024年第1期12卷 1-9页

作者： Shahsavani, Hashem Smith, Richard S. Univ Kurdistan Fac Engn Min Dept Sanandaj Kurdistan Iran Laurentian Univ Harquail Sch Earth Sci Sudbury ON Canada

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, offer several advantages over traditional piloted aircraft. They are characterized by enhanced safety, cost-effectiveness, and the ability to operate in closer proximity to targeted sources. Consequently, magnetic sensors have been adapted or specifically designed for integration onto UAV platforms. However, existing sensors are burdened by issues such as weight, cost, and high power consumption. These challenges are particularly pronounced when employing aeromagnetic gradiometry, which necessitates simultaneous measurements from at least two sensors. In response to these limitations, we propose the implementation of a cost-effective, lightweight, and low-power magneto-inductive sensor with satisfactory resolution aboard a UAV. To evaluate its efficacy, a survey was conducted over a small iron ore deposit in Western Iran. To validate our approach, we compare the results with those obtained using only one sensor on the drone. This comparative analysis reveals that employing a gradiometry array leads to a pronounced steepening of magnetic anomaly margins. Specifically, the gradient of magnetic measurements on four selected profiles increases to 3.8, 4.6, 9.3, and 10 nT/m when utilizing the proposed magneto-inductive sensor, in contrast to the conventional method of gradient determination through mathematical derivatives in the z-direction. This research contributes to the advancement of efficient and economical methods for mineral exploration using UAV-based magnetic surveying techniques.

关键词： UAV drone gradiometry sensor magnetometer

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A high-performance H2 gas sensor based on PtOx and PdOy co-decorating WO3 film

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NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2025年第13期49卷 5266-5278页

作者： Yang, Yongqi Fu, Huaian Song, Fei Yu, Shanshan Tang, Zhipeng Zhang, Kai Li, Qiuxia Yang, Chen Zhang, Lixin Wang, Jinshun Pang, Yuhao Wang, Cao Liu, Bo Chen, Jingwei Jing, Qiang Shandong Univ Technol Sch Phys & Optoelect Engn Lab Funct Mol & Mat 266 Xincun Xi Rd Zibo 255000 Peoples R China

As a form of clean energy, hydrogen (H2) offers significant potential to mitigate the effects of global warming caused by fossil fuels. The development of high-performance H2 gas sensors is crucial for monitoring its potential leaks. Previous studies have shown that noble metal Pt or its oxides (PtOx) can decrease the operating temperature of the H2 sensor but compromise selectivity. Conversely, noble metal oxide PdOy can enhance selectivity but tends to increase the operating temperature. Optimized co-decoration with these noble metal/metal oxides may simultaneously improve the selectivity and operating temperature of the sensor. Semiconductor film-based gas sensors, with their high compatibility with semiconductor device fabrication, are advantageous for miniaturization and integration. In this study, a high-performance H2 gas sensor was fabricated by co-decorating a WO3 film with dual noble metal oxides, PtOx and PdOy. This co-decoration strategy successfully decreased the operating temperature and enhanced the sensor's selectivity for H2. Under the optimal decoration ratio of Ptmolar : Pdmolar : Wmolar = 1.1 : 5 : 100, the sensor exhibited the best gas sensing performance. At an optimal operating temperature of 110 degrees C, the sensor demonstrated a detection limit of 200 ppb. Additionally, the sensor showed good selectivity, a linear response, robust batch-to-batch reproducibility, and long-term stability of up to 125 days. The sensor's high performance can be attributed to the densely packed WO3 nanoparticle film, the synergistic catalytic effects of PtOx and PdOy, and the heterojunctions formed between PtOx and WO3 as well as PdOy and WO3. With its relatively low operating temperature and high sensitivity, this sensor holds great promise for practical applications.

关键词： Heterojunctions

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A Current-Mode Interface With Mixed Single/Dual Slope integration for Differential Capacitive sensors

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT 2023年 72卷

作者： Tadic, Niksa Resetar, Milan Erceg, Milena Dervic, Alija Univ Montenegro Fac Elect Engn Podgorica 81000 Montenegro Sienersys DOO Podgorica 81000 Montenegro ID Quant Europe GmbH A-1120 Vienna Austria

A current-mode interface (CMI) with mixed single/dual slope integration (MSDSI) for differential capacitive sensors (DCSs) is presented in this article. The proposed design is based on the integration of the reference current flowing through the capacitors of the DCS. The integration of the capacitor of a smaller capacitance is performed with a dual slope. Contrary, the integration on the capacitor of a larger capacitance is performed with only one slope. The normalized differential capacitance (NDC) defined as the difference-to-sum ratio of the DCS capacitances is proportional to the duration of only one time interval which is digitized using the counting method. There is no need for postprocessing in the proposed NDC-to-time-to-digital conversion. It has been prototyped using discrete off-the-shelf components mounted on a printed circuit board, with a single supply voltage of 3.3 V. The measured NDC is in the range |NDC| < 0.612, with the constant sum of DCS capacitances of 970 pF. Achieved full-scale error is smaller than 0.3%, with a range of conversion speed from 1770 to 2755 NDC-to-time-to-digital conversions per second.

关键词： Capacitance Capacitors Voltage control Voltage measurement Intelligent sensors Current measurement Capacitance measurement Control unit current-mode interface (CMI) differential capacitive sensor (DCS) mixed single/dual slope integration (MSDSI) normalized differential capacitance (NDC) post-processing

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Microneedle Assays for Continuous Health Monitoring: Challenges and Solutions

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ACS sensors 2024年第2期9卷 535-542页

作者： Poudineh, Mahla Univ Waterloo Fac Engn Dept Elect & Comp Engn Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada

Continuous health monitoring aims to reduce hospitalization and the need for constant supervision of the patients. For an outpatient monitoring device to be effective, it must meet certain criteria: it should demand minimal patient involvement, be reliable, be connected, remain stable with infrequent replacements, be cost-efficient, be compatible with humans, and ultimately be self-powered. Microneedle (MN) technology, designed for transdermal biosensing, offers a promising solution for meeting a wide range of these demands in the field of continuous health monitoring. A variety of MN platforms have been developed to facilitate this crucial function. Our focus in this Perspective is on the significant challenges linked to MN-based biosensors. These challenges include ensuring skin compatibility, the effective integration of biorecognition elements into the MN systems, and the durability concerns of these sensors in enabling extended periods of continuous monitoring. Tackling these hurdles could pave the way for more effective and reliable MN-based health monitoring solutions in the future.

关键词： solid microneedles polymeric microneedles continuous monitoring interstitial fluid sensor'slifetime

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Ultralow-Cost and Selective Water-Based Colorimetric Ink for Indoor CO2 Monitoring

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IEEE sensors JOURNAL 2025年第11期25卷 18722-18730页

作者： Gonzalez-Gomez, Maria Benito-Altamirano, Ismael Prades, Joan Daniel Casals, Olga Fabrega, Cristian Univ Barcelona Dept Elect & Biomed Engn Barcelona 08028 Spain Univ Oberta Catalunya Fac Comp Sci Multimedia & Telecommun Ehlth Ctr Barcelona 08018 Spain Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig Inst Semicond Technol IHT Lab Emerging Nanometrol LENA D-38106 Braunschweig Germany

This work introduces a novel water-based colorimetric ink for CO2 monitoring, offering a significant advancement in indoor air quality assessment. The ink uses a highly specific and reversible reaction between CO2 and an amine, enabling precise detection within a broad operational range of 150-1500 ppm, encompassing typical indoor CO2 concentrations. Optimized rheological properties allow for seamless application on paper substrates, facilitating scalable production and widespread adoption. The resulting colorimetric labels exhibit exceptional resistance to common interfering gases, ensuring accurate and reliable CO2 readings even in challenging indoor environments with fluctuating humidity and temperature and potential cross-contamination. Rigorous characterization of the sensor showcases outstanding performance in terms of specificity, repeatability, and reproducibility, validating its robustness and suitability for real-world applications. To further enhance accuracy, a calibration methodology incorporating a signal compensation algorithm is proposed, effectively mitigating humidity-induced effects. The sensor response can be effortlessly captured using readily available and cost-effective electronic components, paving the way for an accessible and versatile solution for real-time CO2 monitoring in both residential and commercial settings. Moreover, the inherent versatility of this technology allows for integration with other colorimetric inks, opening doors to a multiparametric sensing platform capable of monitoring a wider array of indoor air quality pollutants.

关键词： sensors Ink Color Monitoring sensor phenomena and characterization Light emitting diodes Temperature sensors Indoor air quality Humidity Air pollution Carbon dioxide colorimetric sensor gas sensor indoor air quality real-time monitoring water-based ink

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Advances in nanoparticle-enhanced paper sensor for detecting toxic metals in water

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TALANTA 2025年 293卷 128146页

作者： Hosseini, Marzieh Sadat Padhye, Rajiv Wang, Xin Houshyar, Shadi RMIT Univ Sch Fash & Text Brunswick Vic 3056 Australia RMIT Univ Sch Engn Melbourne Vic 3000 Australia

Toxic metals in water pose a serious threat to public health and the environment, especially in regions with limited access to advanced laboratory infrastructure. Traditional methods for detecting toxic metals, such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), are accurate but expensive, complex, and unsuitable for on-site use. In contrast, paper-based analytical devices (PADs) offer a low-cost, and user-friendly alternative, especially in resource-limited areas. Recent advancements have significantly improved PAD performance, especially through the integration of nanoparticles and the use of enhanced colorimetric and electrochemical detection methods. These improvements have enabled faster, more sensitive detection while maintaining simplicity and field readiness. This review explores key advancements in PAD technology from 2015 to 2025 including advances in sensitivity, nanoparticle functionalization, and smartphonebased readouts. Unlike previous reviews, this study presents a comparative analysis of PAD detection mechanisms, evaluates commercialization and regulatory challenges, and explores emerging trends such as smartphone integration and microextraction techniques. By addressing these aspects, this review highlights key advancements and optimization strategies to enhance the stability, selectivity, and practical implementation of PADs for water quality monitoring.

关键词： Nanoparticle-enhanced sensors Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) Heavy metal detection Environmental water monitoring Colorimetric sensing Electrochemical detection Fluorescence-based sensors

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EMOTIZER: A Multipose Facial Emotion Recognizer Using RGB Camera sensor on Low-Cost Devices

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IEEE sensors JOURNAL 2025年第2期25卷 3708-3718页

作者： Putro, Muhamad Dwisnanto Priadana, Adri Nguyen, Duy-Linh Jo, Kang-Hyun Univ Ulsan Dept Elect Elect & Comp Engn Ulsan 44610 South Korea

The challenges posed by practical applications drive the development of facial expression recognition systems capable of identifying face in multiple positions to support human-machine interaction. Dynamic social interactions demand that this perception system be able to operate for multiple objects. The complex background in real-world conditions reduces the accuracy of facial expression classification. Face detection can enhance the effectiveness of facial expression recognition by screening facial areas. Both models are integrated and combined to facilitate accurate prediction. Moreover, efficiency is crucial;real-world scenarios demand a vision system that operates swiftly on inexpensive devices and facilitates direct deployment using camera sensors that operate at real-time speeds. In this work, an integrated deep learning model is proposed to efficiently recognize human facial emotions on low-cost devices. It addresses computational overhead, heavy parameters, and time-consuming problems through the proposed novel efficient architecture. Two types of novel backbones are proposed to efficiently extract essential elements implemented for face detection and facial expression classification. For face detection, we introduce an efficient stem block and lightweight global attention to capture distinctive features quickly. Meanwhile, a lightweight feature partition with a multiresponse attentive module is applied to facial expression network that discriminates against specific face components related to an emotion category. The experimental results demonstrate that both proposed models achieve excellent accuracy with competitive performance compared with leading methods. The integration of models does not impede the entire system from operating quickly at 76 frames/s on a central processing unit (CPU) via live streams from an RGB camera. The demo video is presented at https://***/3v3Qkd8.

关键词： Face recognition Feature extraction Face detection Emotion recognition sensors Performance evaluation Detectors Biological system modeling Accuracy Deep learning emotional perception facial expression recognition integrated system low-cost device RGB camera sensor

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Deep Learning-Assisted Triboelectric sensor for Complex Gesture Recognition

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ACS OMEGA 2025年第9期10卷 9381-9389页

作者： Zhang, Ping Pan, Weimeng Li, Zhihao Liu, Baocheng Tianjin Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G technology, there has been a considerable increase in demand for self-powered and flexible sensors. However, existing solutions frequently prove inadequate regarding flexibility, energy efficiency, and the accuracy with which gestures can be recognized, particularly in noncontact operation scenarios. As a result, there is a need for innovative developments in sensor technology. This study proposes an artificial intelligence-based gesture recognition system comprising a triboelectric sensor ring, an Arduino signal processing module, and a deep learning module. Our approach enables the direct reading of triboelectric signals by Arduino through integrated circuits, thereby maintaining the output voltage of triboelectric signals within the input range of commonly used microcontrollers. The integration of triboelectric technology with sophisticated deep learning methodologies, notably the utilization of a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN), has enabled the development of a system that exhibits an accuracy rate exceeding 95% in the recognition of 12 distinct gestures. This study demonstrates the prospective utility of triboelectric sensors in the realms of gesture recognition, wearable technology, and human-machine interaction.

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