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Ultrawide Sensing Range and High-Sensitivity Capacitive Pressure sensor Based on Skeleton Dilution Strategies for Human Motion and Correction of Poor Body Posture

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IEEE sensors JOURNAL 2024年第7期24卷 11270-11278页

作者： Li, Ying Wang, Xi Wang, Ying Zhao, Xuanmo Chen, Kedi Huang, Weichen Luo, Fanchen Qin, Yafei Kunming Univ Sci & Technol Fac Mech & Elect Engn Kunming 650093 Peoples R China

Flexible pressure sensors have garnered significant attention in wearable electronics and human-machine interaction due to their biocompatibility and adaptability. However, these sensors encounter challenges in achieving high sensitivity and a wide detection range while maintaining simple and inexpensive fabrication methods. In this study, we propose a skeletal dilution strategy to fabricate the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) foam with a porous structure to serve as the dielectric layer for the flexible capacitive pressure sensor (CPS). This flexible CPS exhibits a measurement range of 0-300 kPa and a detection limit of 42 Pa and can operate successfully for 1000 cycles. The sensor's sensitivity has been measured at 0.67 kPa(-1) in the range of 0-1 kPa and 0.18 kPa(-1) in the range of 0-50 kPa. We also performed tests on various activities, such as real-time monitoring of drinking, grasping, breathing, surface changes, differences in shoulder height, and hunchbacks, to explore the potential applications of the sensor. Based on the effective feedback observed in the test results and the clear differentiation, this sensor shows great potential for research in the integration of wearable electronic devices.

关键词： sensors Skeleton Sugar Pressure sensors Dielectrics sensor phenomena and characterization Electrodes Capacitance flexible porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) foam pressure sensor skeletal dilution strategy

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High Precision, Wide Linear Range Capacitive Pressure sensor Based on PMMA Microspheres for Motion and Breath Monitoring

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IEEE sensors JOURNAL 2025年第2期25卷 2292-2300页

作者： Feng, Jiyong Huang, Bingfang Fu, Zhengwei Duan, Wenfeng Huang, Junhua Wang, Yunfan Hang, Weibo Liu, Xuebin Zeng, Zhiping Gui, Xuchun Sun Yat Sen Univ Sch Elect & Informat Technol State Key Lab Optoelect Mat & Tech nol Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong Peoples R China Beijing Zhenxing Inst Metrol & Measurement Beijing 100074 Peoples R China Sun Yat sen Univ Sch Mat Sci & Engn Guangzhou 510275 Peoples R China

With the growing interest in human health and wearable smart electronics, flexible pressure sensors, especially those with real-time, remote and wireless monitoring capabilities, have gained significant attention for their potential application in motion monitoring and intelligent healthcare systems. However, achieving a wide detection range while maintaining high sensitivity and linearity remains a challenge. Here, a flexible capacitive pressure sensor was designed and fabricated utilizing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microspheres as the dielectric layer, which is sandwiched between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) interdigital electrode and a MXene-based microstructured electrode. Integrating a sensitive layer with hierarchical microstructure and a periodic microsphere spacer, allows the electrodes to establish multilevel direct contact, thereby significantly enhancing the linearity and detection precision of the sensors. The pressure sensor exhibits a wide detection range of 14.7 Pa-109.2 kPa, a high detection precision of 0.92 parts per thousand in full scale (FS), and an exceptional linearity (R-2 > 0.997) in medium pressure range. Moreover, the sensor exhibits a robust durability over 10 000 cycles, and a fast response time of 132 ms during pressure loading. The constructed sensor holds great promise for deployment in real-time wireless monitoring of pressure responses, making it suitable for applications such as motion tracking, breath monitoring, and integration into wearable healthcare devices.

关键词： sensors Electrodes Dielectrics Pressure sensors Capacitive sensors Fingers Monitoring Microstructure Wireless sensor networks Wireless communication Capacitive pressure sensors medium pressure regimes microsphere dielectric layer polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microspheres real-time wireless monitoring

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Integrating Machine Learning With sensor Technology for Multiphase Flow Measurement: A Review

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IEEE sensors JOURNAL 2024年第19期24卷 29603-29618页

作者： Bao, Minghan Wang, Mi Li, Kang Jia, Xiaodong Univ Leeds Sch Elect & Elect Engn Leeds LS2 9JT England Univ Leeds Sch Chem & Proc Engn Leeds LS2 9JT England

This article reviews the integration of machine learning (ML) techniques with sensor-based technologies for multiphase flow measurement in industrial applications. Accurate measurement of multiphase flows is essential for process optimization and safety but presents challenges due to complex phase distributions and varying velocities. The review first discusses traditional sensors used in multiphase flow measurements, including differential pressure, microwave, electrical tomography, and radioactive source-based sensors. It highlights the challenges associated with these sensors. The article then explores various ML algorithms applied to multiphase flow data analysis, covering both traditional methods such as multilayer perceptrons and support vector machine networks, and advanced deep learning approaches such as convolutional and recurrent neural networks. The focus is on how sensor-based ML can enhance the accuracy of multiphase flow predictions and reduce computational demands. The review compares different sensor-based ML methods, illustrating their effectiveness in improving prediction accuracy. This review is relevant to industrial sectors that rely on accurate multiphase flow measurements and highlights the potential of ML in augmenting conventional measurement techniques.

关键词： sensors Reviews Machine learning Task analysis Deep learning Accuracy Predictive models machine learning (ML) multiphase flow measurement sensor technology

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Advancing sensing frontiers: elevating performance metrics and extending applications through two-dimensional materials

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RARE METALS 2025年第2期44卷 721-756页

作者： Huang, Zhi-Hao Peng, Liu-Xing Liu, Xiao-Lei Sun, Kun Liu, Jie-Feng Yang, Fu-Mei Wu, Qing Harbin Univ Sci & Technol Higher Educ Key Lab Measuring & Control Technol & Harbin 150080 Peoples R China Univ Montpellier F-34000 Montpellier France Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Appl Phys Hong Kong 999077 Peoples R China

The immense prospects of two-dimensional (2D) materials in the field of high-performance sensing stem from their unique layered structures and superior properties. Constructing heterostructures and refining sensor architectures are at the forefront of innovative research to enhance sensor performance. This review synthesizes the current literature, discussing the photovoltaic attributes, fabrication methods, analytical techniques and integration strategies pertinent to 2D materials. This comprehensive review of the operating principles of various sensors investigates the recent progress and deployment of these materials within diverse sensing devices, including chemical sensors, biosensors and optical sensors. Conclusively, this review serves as a valuable reference for understanding the applications and progress of 2D materials in high-performance sensors and explores their potential in interdisciplinary research.

关键词： 2D materials sensor technology Heterostructure Composite materials

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Enhancing Sensing Performance of Capacitive sensors Using Kirigami Structures

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sensors 2024年第21期24卷 6930页

作者： Lim, Chor-Kheng YuanZe Univ Dept Art & Design 135 Yuan Tung Rd Chungli 32003 Taiwan

Capacitive sensors have widespread applications in human-machine interaction, Internet of Things, and smart home systems due to their low cost, high sensitivity, and ease of integration. However, improving the sensitivity and sensing distance of capacitive sensors remains a challenging issue. This study proposes a novel capacitive sensor design method based on Kirigami structures, which enhances sensor performance by introducing specific cutting patterns into the conductive layer to leverage edge effects. Through experimental testing and statistical analysis, we systematically investigated the influence of Kirigami geometric parameters on sensor sensitivity and sensing distance. We designed and fabricated 12 different Kirigami structures, including circular flower patterns, array patterns, layered pointed flower patterns, and circular strip structures, and compared them with traditional non-cut structures. The results show that Kirigami structures significantly improved sensor performance. Compared to traditional sensors without Kirigami structures, optimally designed Kirigami capacitive sensors demonstrated approximately a 3-fold increase in sensitivity and up to 170 percent extension in sensing distance. Multivariate regression analysis and nonlinear models revealed complex relationships between Kirigami structural parameters and sensor performance. Notably, the circular strip (three-layer) structure exhibited the best performance, possibly due to its maximization of edge effects and optimization of electric field distribution. This study provides new design insights for developing high-performance capacitive sensors, with potential applications in improving smart home systems and indoor activity monitoring for solitary elderly individuals.

关键词： capacitive sensors Kirigami structures sensing performance edge effects smart home applications

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Soft sensors via Conductive Textile Stitching: Enabling Strain, Tactile, and Volumetric Sensing

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ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2025年第6期10卷

作者： Seong, Jihun Lee, Ju-Hee Han, Min-Woo Dongguk Univ Dept Mech Engn 30 Pildong Ro 1 Seoul 04620 South Korea Dongguk Univ Dept Mech Robot & Energy Engn 30 Pildong Ro 1 Seoul 04620 South Korea

In fields such as wearable technology and soft robotics, sensors that detect bending and pressure using flexible materials are becoming essential. This study aims to develop textile sensors using stitching methods with conductive yarn. Four types of sensors introduced: tensile and tactile sensors with rubber bands, flex sensors with films, and volumetric sensors with balloons. High sewing density and multi-layer design improve performance. Experiments reveale a gauge factor (GF) of 1.52 for the multi-layered tensile sensor under 11% strain, indicating a 20% improvement over single-layer sensors. Flex sensors effectively detect resistance changes due to curvature, varying with bending velocity. Volumetric sensors demonstrate their adaptability in many shapes and materials with response times under 1 s. There is significant potential for these flexible and adaptable soft sensors in the healthcare and medical industries, especially due to their easy integration with wearable devices.

关键词： bending strain sensor tactile textile sensor volumetric change

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A Distributed Multi-Objective Detection Method for Multi-sensor Systems With Unknown Local SNR

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 2025年 73卷 649-663页

作者： Gao, Chang Zhang, Qingfu Varshney, Pramod K. Lin, Xi Liu, Hongwei Xidian Univ Natl Key Lab Radar Signal Proc Xian 710071 Peoples R China City Univ Hong Kong Dept Comp Sci Hong Kong 999077 Peoples R China City Univ Hong Kong Shenzhen Res Inst Shenzhen 518057 Peoples R China Syracuse Univ Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Syracuse NY 13244 USA

Distributed detection, which fuses the preprocessed observations of the same area from local sensors, can generally improve target detection performance. For scenarios in practical applications where sensors cannot obtain the target signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) parameters in advance, non-coherent integration is mostly used for distributed detection. However, this detector is equivalent to the optimal detector only under the condition that the target SNRs of all the sensors are exactly the same. This condition is quite stringent for the observation of non-cooperative targets. This paper first compares the performance of traditional optimal detectors, the non-coherent integration (NCI) detector, and the single-sensor detector from a unified perspective based on the concept of Pareto optimality. Then, from the perspective of multi-objective optimization, the fusion rule and corresponding parameter learning method are designed. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed non-identical SNR detection fusion rule possesses weak Pareto optimality. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the proposed method effectively achieves a trade-off between the optimal detection performance across sensors with multiple SNRs. Compared to the optimal detector in the presence of mismatch between the assumed and actual SNR of the target, the proposed method can achieve a significant improvement in detection performance. Additionally, the proposed method outperforms the NCI detector in scenarios where the SNR distributions of target observations across different sensors exhibit greater diversity.

关键词： Detectors sensors Signal to noise ratio Radar sensor fusion Radar cross-sections Optimization sensor phenomena and characterization Target tracking Radar signal processing Distributed detection optimal fusion rule multi-objective optimization Pareto optimality

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Pulsed-Heating System With an Integrated Metal-Oxide sensor Array Scheming Low-Power Temperature Modulation

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IEEE sensors JOURNAL 2024年第13期24卷 20794-20804页

作者： Shiiki, Yohsuke Nagata, Shintaro Saga, Shoo Tan, Yi Takahashi, Tsunaki Yanagida, Takeshi Ishikuro, Hiroki Keio Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Yokohama 2238522 Japan Univ Tokyo Dept Appl Chem Tokyo 1138656 Japan

sensor integration and low-power operation are required to collect different molecular information. However, it is challenging to integrate different types of sensors onto a single chip. To obtain multiple molecular information, temperature modulation of metal-oxide gas sensors is highly effective since it allows for the variation in sensor molecular sensitivity based on the operating temperature. This article covers a proposed novel system using metal-oxide gas sensors. The temperatures of the sensors are controlled by adopting self-heated sensors, which achieve local temperature increase and low-power operation. To simultaneously heat multiple sensors, we implemented a printed circuit board (PCB) for pulsed-heating scheme and streamlined intended input power with a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. The performance of the implemented circuit is evaluated, and a maximum error rate of 1.7% of heating accuracy and 0.68% of average readout accuracy is ensured. As a proof-of-concept of the proposed gas sensory system, an array of 16 self-heated sensors was fabricated on a chip and tested with reactive gas molecules. The PID controller set the input power in 8 ms and kept constant power while sensor resistance changed. The proposed pulsed-heating measurement and conventional continuous-heating measurement were experimentally compared. The results of the experimental comparison suggest that while the sensitivity of the proposed pulsed-heating measurement decreases slightly, the power consumption due to heating can be reduced by up to 1/16.

关键词： sensors Temperature sensors Gas detectors sensor arrays sensor systems Heating systems Resistance Low-power system metal-oxide gas sensor sensory circuits

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Innovations in Air Quality Monitoring: sensors, IoT and Future Research

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sensors 2025年第7期25卷 2070-2070页

作者： Shahid, Saim Brown, David J. Wright, Philip Khasawneh, Ahmad M. Taylor, Bryn Kaiwartya, Omprakash Nottingham Trent Univ Dept Comp Sci Nottingham NG11 8NS England Cobac Secur Ltd GranaryChurch StThrumpton Nottingham NG11 0AX England Univ City Sharjah Skyline Univ Coll Sch Comp POB 1797 Sharjah U Arab Emirates

Recently, Air Quality Monitoring (AQM) has gained significant R&D attention from academia and industries, leading to advanced sensor-enabled IoT solutions. Literature highlights the use of nanomaterials in sensor design, emphasising miniaturisation, enhanced calibration, and low voltage, room-temperature operation. Significant efforts are aimed at improving sensitivity, selectivity, and stability, while addressing challenges like high power consumption and drift. The integration of sensors with IoT technology is driving the development of accurate, scalable, and real-time AQM systems. This paper provides technical insights into recent AQM advancements, focusing on air pollutants, sensor technologies, IoT frameworks, performance evaluation, and future research directions. It presents a detailed analysis of air quality composition and potential air pollutants. Relevant sensors are examined in terms of design, materials and methodologies for pollutant monitoring. A critical review of IoT frameworks for AQM is conducted, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. As a technical contribution, an experimental performance evaluation of three commercially available AQM systems in the UK is discussed, with a comparative and critical analysis of the results. Lastly, future research directions are also explored with a focus on AQM sensor design and IoT framework development.

关键词： air quality monitoring sensors internet of things air pollutants sensors design

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Simultaneous non-contact infrared disinfection and temperature sensing using embedded application technology

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INSTRUMENTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2025年

作者： Ye, Hualong Zang, Yutao Guo, Daidou Changshu Inst Technol Sch Elect & Informat Engn Changshu Peoples R China Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol 110 Hushan Rd Shanghai Jiangsu Peoples R China

Embedded application technology has been widely used in daily life, enabling more products to offer more targeted and intelligent functions. This paper focuses on the design-research of a composite disinfection thermometer based on embedded application technology (EATCDT). This device integrates both disinfection and temperature measurement functions. It uses the Shenzhen Technology Corporation (STC) 12C5A60S2 microcontroller to link non-contact infrared temperature measurement with infrared sensing automatic disinfection. Here is reported the integration of the main control chip infrared temperature sensors, weight sensors, and infrared reflection-type sensors. The device is powered by a 24 V adapter, ensuring safety. The design uses the microcontroller as the main control board with infrared sensors and weight sensors receiving signals to control the accurate and stable display of infrared temperature on a digital tube. The device also rationally sprays disinfectant through the nozzle, and the organic light emitting diode (OLED) display provides the liquid level. The device provides the desired functionality and demonstrates promising application prospects.

关键词： Embedded application technology infrared reflection-type sensor infrared temperature sensor weight sensor

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